Evaluasi Tekanan Antropogenik Dan Faktor Alami Terhadap Kondisi Kualitas Air Sungai di Lembah Sembalun, Lombok Timur, dengan Pendekatan DPSIR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29303/goescienceed.v7i4.3471Abstract
River water quality in the Sembalun catchment, East Lombok, is increasingly concerning amid tourism and horticultural expansion. This study evaluates anthropogenic pressures and natural factors affecting water quality using the Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) framework. A convergent mixed-methods design combined field observations, document reviews, interviews with 11 key informants, and laboratory analysis of ten parameters at three river stations during one sampling event on 1 November 2023. Population growth, increased tourist visits, and concentrated accommodation development indicate growing environmental pressures. At the middle station, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) exceeded, while dissolved oxygen fell below, Class II standards under Government Regulation No. 22/2021. Total phosphate and total coliform exceeded standards at all stations, while fecal coliform exceeded standards upstream and at the middle station. These findings suggest wastewater influences, although livestock, agricultural, and natural contributions could not be distinguished. Impacts include restricted clean-water access and social tensions. Responses include customary water rules (*awiq-awiq*), destination management initiatives, and a drinking-water supply project. However, the communal waste facility remains non-operational. Given the single sampling event, findings are indicative. Priorities include formalizing *awiq-awiq*, enforcing wastewater management, operating the waste facility, and conducting seasonal monitoring.
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