Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains, Geologi, dan Geofisika (GeoScienceEd Journal)
Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains, Geologi, dan Geofisika (GeoScienceEd Journal) e-ISSN: 2723-2913, p-ISSN: 2723-2905 is a scholarly publication issued quarterly, in February, May, August, and November. Its publication began in June 2020 under the Department of Physics Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP), University of Mataram. Articles accepted for publication may be written in either Indonesian or English, thereby providing broader opportunities for researchers to disseminate their scholarly work GeoScienceEd Journal serves as a scientific platform for the publication of research in the fields of education, science, geology, and geophysics. The scope of the journal encompasses research-based articles that address both educational studies and earth sciences. With its interdisciplinary focus, the journal contributes to the advancement of knowledge by presenting scientific findings that are relevant to the development of science and technology. All submitted manuscripts undergo a rigorous double-blind peer review process to ensure objectivity and maintain the quality of publications. Reviewers appointed by the editorial board are required to adhere to the Ethics for Reviewers in order to uphold academic integrity and ethical standards throughout the review process. Furthermore, all published works are protected under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, ensuring that authors retain copyright over their contributions.
Revitalisasi Permainan Tradisional Jambi untuk Pembelajaran Fisika Kontekstual: Kajian Efektivitas Melalui Rasch Model
Physics is often perceived as difficult and abstract because learning activities are rarely connected to students’ real-life and cultural experiences. This study aimed to analyze the validity and reliability of assessment instruments using the Rasch Model, evaluate the effectiveness of a game-based physics learning module grounded in Jambi traditional games, and examine students’ motivation and responses. A quantitative Research and Development (R&D) approach based on the ADDIE model was employed involving 68 eleventh-grade science students. Data were collected through pretest–posttest assessments, motivation questionnaires, and classroom observations, then analyzed using the Rasch Model and paired-sample t-test. The findings showed high instrument quality, with person reliability ranging from 0.85–0.87 and item reliability from 0.92–0.93. Most items met the Rasch fit criteria (Infit–Outfit MNSQ 0.5–1.5), indicating valid and consistent measurement. Students’ mean scores improved significantly from 52.3 to 83.7, with a very large effect size (Cohen’s d = 1.85). Rasch analysis also revealed a positive shift in students’ conceptual abilities and showed that approximately 75% of students achieved above-average motivation after the intervention. These findings indicate that integrating Jambi traditional games into physics learning effectively contextualizes abstract concepts, enhances conceptual understanding, motivation, and creates more meaningful learning experiences.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains, Geologi, dan Geofisika (GeoScienceEd Journal)
Analisis Kebijakan Standar Mutu Kualitas Sarana dan Prasarana antar Wilayah
Educational facilities and infrastructure constitute one of the main pillars in achieving the improvement of national education quality. This study aims to analyze the Policy of Quality Standards for Facilities and Infrastructure Across Regions, as well as to identify various supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. Using a qualitative approach through document study and educational policy analysis methods, this case study compares the conditions at MTsN 1 Lombok Barat and MTsN 4 Lombok Barat. The results of the study indicate a gap in facilities and infrastructure across regions. MTsN 1 Lombok Barat, as a flagship madrasah, has relatively met the standards with complete and representative facilities. On the other hand, MTsN 4 Lombok Barat, as a developing madrasah, faces significant limitations in terms of laboratories, libraries, sports fields, and the utilization of educational technology. The main inhibiting factors include a lack of facilities and infrastructure, financial constraints, and suboptimal management. As a solution, the policy of "Strengthening Facilities and Infrastructure Management Based on Collaboration and Optimization of Local Resources" was selected, which is realistic, participatory, and in line with the spirit of School-Based Management (SBM).
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap Kemampuan Literasi Matematis Siswa Madrasah Aliyah pada Materi Barisan Ditinjau Dari Self Resilience
This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on students’ mathematical literacy skills in the topic of sequences, viewed from self-resilience. This research employed a quasi-experimental method with a pretest–posttest nonequivalent control group design using a 2×3 factorial arrangement. The research sample consisted of an experimental class and a control class at MA Plus Nurul Islam Sekarbela. The research instruments included a mathematical literacy test, a self-resilience questionnaire, and observation sheets. Data were analyzed using the Independent Sample t-test and two-way ANOVA. The results showed that the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model had a significant effect on students’ mathematical literacy skills. The mean posttest score of the experimental class was higher than that of the control class. Meanwhile, self-resilience did not have a significant effect on mathematical literacy skills. Similarly, there was no significant interaction between the learning model and self-resilience. However, descriptively, students who learned through the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model showed higher mathematical literacy skills across all self-resilience categories compared to those in conventional learning. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model effectively improves students’ mathematical literacy skills on sequences material, while self-resilience and its interaction with the learning model do not have a significant effect.
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Motorik Halus melalui Bermain Origami pada Kelompok B di TK DWP DIKPORA Ampenan
This study aimed to improve children's fine motor skills through origami play activities in Group B at DWP Dikpora Ampenan Kindergarten. The study was motivated by the insufficient development of children's fine motor skills, as reflected in their difficulties in performing directed movements such as folding paper, pressing fold lines, and coordinating hand and eye movements. To address this issue, origami play activities were implemented as an engaging and educational learning medium. This study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design conducted in two cycles, consisting of the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The participants of this study were 17 children in Group B. Data were collected through observation and documentation and analyzed using a quantitative descriptive approach. The findings indicated a gradual improvement in children's fine motor skills across each cycle, increasing from 53.46% in the pre-cycle stage to 65.22% in Cycle I and further to 87.76% in Cycle II, which was categorized as a highly developed level of fine motor skills. Therefore, origami play activities can improve children's fine motor skills and may serve as an alternative learning activity to support fine motor development in early childhood education.
Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Islamic Religious Education: The Perspective of the Qur'an, Hadith, and Maqā Sīd al-Sharī'ah in the Era of Society 5.0
Development Intelligence Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the era of Society 5.0 has bring change big in the world of education , including Islamic Religious Education (PAI). The presence of AI provides opportunity For increase effectiveness , accessibility , personalization , and innovation learning through various system education digital- based . However , the integration of AI in Islamic education also presents various challenge ethics , such as risk dehumanization , shift spiritual values , algorithmic bias , AI hallucination , uncertainty epistemology of religion, as well as threat to participant data privacy and security education . Research This aim For analyze ethics the use of AI in Islamic Religious Education is based on perspective of the Qur'an, Hadith , and maqā ṣ id al- syarī' ah . Study use approach qualitative with method study bibliography and analysis descriptive-thematic . Data obtained through technique documentation from primary sources in the form of the Qur'an and Hadith as well as source secondary consisting of top 20 articles journal scientific , books academic and publication scientific publications published over a period of 2022–2026 . The literature was selected based on the criteria of relevance to the themes of AI, Islamic Religious Education, Society 5.0, digital ethics, and maqā ṣ id al-syarī'ah. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of open coding , axial coding , and selective coding to identify the main themes of the research. The results of the study indicate that Islamic ethical principles such as sincere intention, tabayyun, etiquette towards knowledge and teachers, and the practice of knowledge are important foundations in the use of AI in Islamic Religious Education. This study also found that maqā ṣ id al-syarī'ah which includes the protection of religion, intellect, life, descendants, and property can be a normative framework in the development and evaluation of AI technology. The main contribution of this study is the formulation of an AI ethics model that integrates the principles of Islamic learning ethics with maqā ṣ id al-syarī'ah as a conceptual foundation for the development of Islamic Religious Education in the era of Society 5.0. Therefore, AI needs to be positioned as a learning support tool that strengthens humanistic, spiritual, and moral values, not as a substitute for the role of educators.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Berbasis POE (Predict, Observe, Explain) pada Materi Kalor Kelas VII SMP
This study aims to develop a Predict–Observe–Explain (POE)-based Student Worksheet (LKPD) on the topic of heat. The study is limited to the subtopic of heat transfer for seventh-grade junior high school students, with the goal of creating a valid and practical tool for use in learning activities. This study employs the ADDIE development model, which consists of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects included subject matter experts, media experts, science teachers, and 29 seventh-grade students at a junior high school in Jombang Regency. Data were collected through observation, interviews, validation questionnaires, and response questionnaires. The research instruments used included validation sheets, lesson implementation sheets, and student response questionnaires. The research results indicate that the POE-based worksheets achieved a validity percentage of 95.5%, classified as highly valid. The practicality results based on the lesson implementation sheets reached 91.3%, classified as highly practical, while the student response questionnaires achieved a percentage of 96.5%, classified as highly practical. The developed worksheets were found to be effective and practical in supporting learning because they helped students understand the concept of heat transfer through systematic predict, observe, and explain activities. Thus, POE-based LKPDs are suitable for use as teaching materials in science classes on the topic of heat transfer for seventh-grade junior high school students.
Pembelajaran Berbasis Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) dan OBE (Outcome-Based Education) di Perguruan Tinggi
This study discusses learning based on Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) and Outcome Based Education (OBE ) in higher education as a strategy for transforming higher education in Indonesia. MBKM is a policy that provides flexibility for students to gain learning experiences outside their study programs through various activities, such as internships, research, student exchanges, humanitarian projects, and entrepreneurship programs. Meanwhile, OBE is an educational approach oriented toward learning outcomes, where the entire learning process is designed to produce graduates who are competent, adaptive, and relevant to the needs of the workforce. This study aims to describe the concepts of MBKM and OBE , their implementation in higher education, as well as the advantages and challenges of their application. This study employs a systematic literature review method by analyzing 25 scientific sources published between 2019 and 2025, comprising accredited national journals indexed in Sinta 2–4, international journals indexed in Scopus and Google Scholar, as well as policy documents and official reports from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia. The literature was selected based on relevance criteria related to MBKM implementation, OBE frameworks, curriculum transformation, and graduate competency outcomes in higher education contexts. The results show that the integration of MBKM and OBE is able to create a more flexible, innovative, and student-centered learning system. In addition to improving academic competence, the implementation of these two approaches also develops students' soft skills, such as communication, collaboration, creativity, and critical thinking skills. However, their implementation still faces several challenges, including the readiness of human resources, curriculum adjustment, outcome-based evaluation systems, and limited industrial partnerships. Therefore, strengthening the curriculum, improving lecturers' competencies, and developing partnerships with various stakeholders are necessary to optimize the implementation of MBKM and OBE .
Implementasi Program Lingkar Refleksi Literasi untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Literacy programs in elementary schools tend to focus primarily on reading activities without incorporating reflective processes that can foster students’ critical thinking skills. This study aims to describe the implementation of the Literacy Reflection Circle program based on reflective journals as a strategy to strengthen the critical thinking skills of fourth-grade students at SDN 25 Mataram.This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects consisted of 20 fourth-grade students.The results indicate that the implementation of the Literacy Reflection Circle program enhances students’ engagement in literacy activities, improves their ability to express ideas logically, and increases their confidence in participating in discussions. In addition, students show improvement in understanding, analyzing, and evaluating reading texts.Therefore, this program can serve as an innovative and effective literacy learning model to improve critical thinking skills among elementary school students.
Profil Kemampuan Komunikasi Mahasiswa Pendidikan Fisika Universitas Mataram Menggunakan Presentation Skills Rubric Cornell University
Public speaking ability is a crucial interpersonal competency that must be mastered by pre-service teachers as a foundation for future classroom management. This study aims to map the academic communication skills of fifth-semester students in the Physics Education Study Program at Universitas Mataram in the course of School Administration and Management (AMS). The research employed a descriptive quantitative method using structured direct observation of 54 students. The data collection instrument was an observation sheet adapted from the Presentation Skills Rubric developed by Cornell University, which includes four dimensions: Content, Organization, Delivery, and Visual Media. The results revealed a significant performance imbalance across the assessed dimensions. Students demonstrated very strong performance in Visual Media (3.50) and Content (2.80). However, the Delivery dimension declined sharply to 2.15 (low category). As many as 59.2% of students (32 individuals) were categorized as “very poor” in eye contact due to a high dependency on reading text from slides. The theoretical and regulation-heavy characteristics of AMS course materials encouraged students to rely on reading rather than engaging in visual interaction with the audience. These findings highlight the need for methodological interventions in teaching, such as mind mapping training and the use of transparent assessment rubrics from the beginning of the semester, to better prepare competent pre-service physics teachers in pedagogical communication skills.
Efektivitas Program Serbu sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Literasi di Sekolah Dasar
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the “Serbu Literasi” Program in improving elementary school students’ literacy skills. The research employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design in the form of a one-group pre-test and post-test. The subjects were 23 third-grade students of SDN 2 Labuapi. The research instruments consisted of a literacy test and an observation sheet. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a normality test as supporting analysis. The results showed an increase in the students’ average score from 66.30 in the pre-test to 85.65 in the post-test. The statistical test also indicated a significant difference between students’ abilities before and after the treatment. Thus, the Serbu Literasi Program is proven to be effective in improving elementary school students’ literacy skills. The program also enhances student engagement, reading interest, and critical thinking skills in understanding information.
Implementasi Arah Kebijakan Pendidikan Prasekolah dan Respons Orang Tua terhadap Partisipasi Anak di Taman Kanak-Kanak
The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of preschool education policy directions and parents’ responses to children's participation in kindergarten. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. It was conducted in one kindergarten, involving five informants consisting of one principal, two teachers, and two parents. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation, and documentation. The data were analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing techniques. The validity of the data was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The results indicate that informants generally have a good understanding of the importance of preschool education, and parents’ responses to children's participation in kindergarten tend to be positive. However, the implementation of preschool education policy directions has not been fully optimal because the policy remains advisory rather than mandatory, policy communication has not reached all parents effectively, and some parents still have limited understanding of the importance of preschool education. In addition, children's participation is influenced by socioeconomic factors and limited access to educational institutions. Therefore, improving the effectiveness of policy communication and strengthening support from various stakeholders are necessary to enhance children's participation in preschool education. This study is expected to serve as a reference for strengthening the implementation of preschool education policies in Indonesia.
Evaluasi Program Paket C Menggunakan Model Evaluasi CIPP di PKBM Melati Kabupaten Enrekang
Although various studies have evaluated the Package C Program using the CIPP model, most studies focused on general aspects of program implementation and were conducted in different locations. To date, there are not many studies that specifically evaluate the Package C Program at PKBM Melati, Enrekang Regency, by comprehensively examining the context, input, process, and product aspects according to the conditions and needs of the local community. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Package C Program at PKBM Melati, Enrekang Regency using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. The Paket C Program is one of the equivalency education services intended for people who are unable to attend formal education; therefore, program evaluation is necessary to determine the level of success and identify supporting and inhibiting factors. This study employed a qualitative evaluative approach involving PKBM managers, tutors, and learners as research subjects. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that in the context aspect, the implementation of the Paket C Program was in accordance with community needs for equivalency education services. In the input aspect, the availability of human resources, facilities, curriculum, and funding had supported program implementation although several limitations still existed. In the process aspect, learning activities had been carried out according to plan through face-to-face learning and assignments, but learner participation had not been fully optimal. In the product aspect, the program showed positive results in increasing community opportunities to obtain senior high school equivalency certificates as well as improving learners’ knowledge and skills. In general, the Paket C Program at PKBM Melati Enrekang Regency has been implemented fairly well, but improvements are still needed in facilities, learner discipline, and learning innovation.
Transformasi Pendidikan Madrasah melalui Analisis Implementasi Kebijakan Kurikulum Berbasis Cinta
The transformation of madrasa education has become an important part of addressing the challenges of modern education, which are characterized by moral crises, low social empathy, and the dominance of cognitive-oriented learning. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Love-Based Curriculum (Kurikulum Berbasis Cinta/KBC) policy as an effort to transform madrasa education toward a more humanistic, religious, and character-oriented learning process for students. The research employed a qualitative approach using a library research method. Data were collected from scientific journals, policy documents, books, and previous studies relevant to the implementation of the Love-Based Curriculum in madrasas. The findings reveal that the implementation of KBC has transformed the learning culture in madrasas through the strengthening of values such as compassion, empathy, tolerance, religious moderation, and reflective learning. The curriculum also shifts the educational paradigm from teacher-centered learning to a more humanistic student-centered approach. However, the implementation of the policy still faces several challenges, including limited teacher competence, insufficient training, and difficulties in evaluating students’ affective achievements. Therefore, synergy among the government, madrasas, teachers, and the community is needed to support the sustainable implementation of the Love-Based Curriculum policy.
Pengaruh Model Project Based Learning (PjBL) terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif dan Hasil Belajar Biologi pada Materi Bioteknologi Siswa Kelas X MIPA SMAN 9 Makassar
This study aims to examine the effect of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model on students’ creative thinking skills and biology learning outcomes in biotechnology material for Grade X MIPA students at SMAN 9 Makassar. This quasi-experimental study used a non-equivalent control group design with class X.6 as the experimental group and class X.5 as the control group. Data were collected through pretest and posttest using essay and multiple-choice tests. The results showed an increase in creative thinking scores in the experimental class, while the control class showed minimal improvement. However, statistical analysis indicated that PjBL did not have a significant effect on both variables. Despite this, there was a descriptive tendency of improvement in the experimental class, influenced by factors such as limited time, suboptimal implementation, and low student participation. Therefore, PjBL has potential to improve learning, although its effect was not statistically significant.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS Siswa Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Somatik, Auditori, Visual, Intelektual (SAVI) di Kelas V SDN Menteng Atas 14
This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of social studies students of class V-B SDN Menteng Atas 14 through the application of the Somatic, Auditory, Visual, and Intellectual (SAVI) learning model. This study uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method. Data were collected through observation sheets, learning outcome tests, field notes, and documentation. Student learning outcomes were measured based on the percentage of students who achieved the Learning Objective Achievement Criteria with a minimum score of ≥75, while the research success indicator was determined if at least 85% of students achieved ≥75. The results showed an increase in teacher activity, student activity, and student learning outcomes from cycle I to cycle II. In cycle I, teacher activity reached 85.70% and student activity reached 76.20%, while the percentage of student learning outcome completion was 60.87%, so it had not reached the established success indicator. After the implementation of cycle II, teacher activity increased to 100%, student activity to 95.20%, and the percentage of student learning outcome completion increased to 91.30%, so it had exceeded the research success indicator. The implementation of the SAVI learning model makes the learning process more interactive and meaningful, making it easier for students to understand the material being studied. Therefore, the SAVI learning model is effective in improving elementary school students' social studies learning outcomes.
Efisiensi Platforms Digital dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Evaluasi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam pada Kurikulum Merdeka
The transformation of information technology has shifted the evaluation paradigm from conventional written test-based models toward digital assessments that are more systematic, adaptive, and well-documented. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a literature review method to examine the concept of Islamic Education (PAI) evaluation, the characteristics of the Merdeka Curriculum, and the utilization models of platforms such as Google Forms, Moodle, and Quizizz in the assessment process. The findings indicate that digital platforms contribute to improving objectivity, efficiency, transparency, and the speed of feedback through automatic grading features and learning outcome data analysis. In addition, digital platforms support the implementation of formative and authentic assessments in line with the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum. However, their implementation also faces several limitations, such as the potential for academic dishonesty, disparities in technology access, limitations in measuring affective and spiritual aspects, and reduced direct pedagogical interaction. Therefore, the effectiveness of digital platforms in PAI evaluation highly depends on teachers’ competencies in designing valid instruments and managing technology while maintaining orientation toward character building and Islamic values.
Komparasi Laju Deforestasi Kabupaten Berbasis Agraris dengan Kabupaten Berbasis Industri Pertambangan di Pulau Sumbawa Periode 2017–2024
The dry tropical forests of Sumbawa Island represent critical hydrological buffers that are highly vulnerable to disturbance yet face mounting land-conversion pressure from land-based economic expansion. Sumbawa Island exhibits a contrasting dual economic structure: agrarian districts dependent on maize cultivation and an industrial district dominated by copper-gold mining. This study comparatively analyzes deforestation rates between these two groups during the 2017–2024 period to identify which economic sector exerts the greatest pressure on forest cover. A quantitative comparative method based on spatial data analysis was employed, utilizing the ESRI Land Cover 10m dataset derived from Sentinel-2 imagery for 2017 and 2024, processed using the Tabulate Area function in ArcGIS Pro under the UTM Zone 50S, WGS 84 projection system. Deforestation rates were calculated using both an absolute approach in hectares per year and a relative approach through Puyravaud's (2003) Compound Annual Rate (CAR) formula. Results indicate that all districts experienced declining tree cover throughout the study period. Dompu Regency recorded the highest deforestation rate at −3.44% per year, equivalent to 4,075 hectares per year, followed by Bima Regency at −1.21% per year, Sumbawa Regency at −0.47% per year, and West Sumbawa Regency at −0.41% per year. The mining-based district, West Sumbawa Regency, recorded the lowest deforestation rate despite possessing the largest Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). This finding confirms that economic scale does not directly correlate with deforestation intensity; rather, sectoral governance is the primary determining factor. Regulatory instruments such as reclamation obligations and Forest Area Borrowing-Use Permits have proven effective in constraining the spatial expansion of mining activities, whereas sporadic and atomistic agrarian pressure from maize farming has driven massive forest conversion along forest frontiers.
Timbunan Sampah Organik dan Potensi Emisi Metana di Nusa Tenggara Barat
The increasing generation of household organic waste has become a serious challenge in supporting low-carbon development in regions experiencing rapid population growth, such as West Nusa Tenggara Province (NTB). The low level of waste management causes most organic waste to end up in Final Disposal Sites (TPA), where it undergoes anaerobic decomposition and produces methane gas (CH₄), one of the Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) with a global warming potential 28–34 times higher than carbon dioxide (CO₂). This study aims to identify the magnitude of household organic waste generation, estimate methane (CH₄) emissions produced, and analyze its implications for regional low-carbon development. The method used is descriptive analysis with secondary data sources, using households as the main unit of analysis for organic waste generation. Data were obtained from Statistics Indonesia (BPS), the National Waste Management Information System (SIPSN-KLHK), NTB Low Carbon Development Planning documents (PRKBI), and the IPCC 2006 guidelines using the First Order Decay (FOD) approach. The results show that with a population of 5.73 million in NTB in 2025, household organic waste generation reaches approximately 769,489 tons/year with an estimated methane emission of ±38,474 tons CH₄/year or equivalent to ±1,077,272–1,308,116 tons CO₂e/year. The waste management rate of only 13.48% increases emissions risk from the waste sector, indicating that household organic waste management must be positioned as a strategic instrument in emission mitigation and in supporting low-carbon development in West Nusa Tenggara Province.
Model Problem Based Learning dalam Pembelajaran PAI di Sekolah, Madrasah dan Perguruan Tinggi
Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is one of the instructional models considered effective in improving the quality of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) through a contextual problem-solving approach and student-centered learning. This article aims to comprehensively analyze the concepts, theoretical foundations, characteristics, syntax, implementation, advantages, and challenges of PBL in Islamic Religious Education at schools, madrasahs, and higher education institutions. This study employed a library research method by analyzing 26 literature sources consisting of 24 scientific journal articles, one book, and one supporting document relevant to the research topic. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis techniques. The findings indicate that PBL effectively enhances students’ critical thinking skills, learning motivation, communication skills, collaboration, and problem-solving abilities. At the school and madrasah levels, PBL has been shown to increase student engagement, improve understanding of Islamic Religious Education materials, and strengthen Islamic character through discussion and the resolution of real-life problems. At the higher education level, PBL contributes to the development of scientific reasoning, academic argumentation, and the integration of Islamic values in addressing contemporary social issues. However, the implementation of PBL still faces several challenges, including teacher readiness, differences in students’ abilities, limited instructional time, curriculum demands, and inadequate learning facilities and resources. Therefore, support from various stakeholders is required to ensure the optimal and sustainable implementation of PBL in Islamic Religious Education.
Kewajiban Menuntut Ilmu: Upaya Mengembangkan dan Mengamalkan untuk Kehidupan Bermakna
This study aims to examine the concepts of the obligation to seek knowledge, the advancement of knowledge, and the application of knowledge from the perspective of Islamic teachings. The study employed a qualitative approach using the library research method. Data were collected from the Qur’an, Hadith, classical Islamic scholarly works, and relevant scientific literature, and were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. The findings reveal that Islam positions knowledge as a fundamental element in human development and civilization, encompassing spiritual, intellectual, and social dimensions. The obligation to seek knowledge is viewed as both an individual and collective responsibility that supports personal growth and societal welfare. Furthermore, the development of knowledge in Islam emphasizes the integration of faith, reason, and ethical values, while the application of knowledge serves as a means of fulfilling religious responsibilities and contributing to the common good. The study concludes that the obligation to seek knowledge, its development, and its application constitute an interconnected framework that shapes the character, responsibility, and holistic development of Muslims.
Hidden Curriculum dalam Pendidikan Pesantren: Membentuk Keterampilan Seni Santri melalui Program Kaligrafi di Pondok Pesantren Darussalam Bermi
This study examines the concept, role, and implementation of the hidden curriculum at the Darussalam Bermi Islamic Boarding School in West Lombok, and attempts to establish continuity between formal and non-formal education. Using a qualitative approach with field research, data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that the hidden curriculum in Islamic boarding schools is a set of unwritten values, norms, and customs learned by students through interaction, role models, and habituation. Its role is crucial in developing students' artistic skills, independence, creativity, discipline, and responsibility. Its implementation is manifested through a calligraphy art program (limited class hours and a weekly program), independent student practice in their free time, and support from the Islamic boarding school in the form of space, facilities, and appreciation for students' work. Integrated continuity between formal and non-formal education can be achieved by consciously and deliberately managing the hidden curriculum, making character a part of students' daily lives.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournament Berbantuan Media Baamboozle
This study was motivated by the low social studies achievement of fourth-grade elementary school students. The study aimed to improve student achievement through the implementation of the Teams Games Tournament learning model supported by the Baamboozle platform. This study employed the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method, conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. Data collection techniques were conducted through tests, observations, and documentation. The results indicate that the implementation of the Teams Games Tournament learning model supported by the Baamboozle platform can improve student learning outcomes. This is evidenced by an increase in student learning achievement from 71% in Cycle I to 84% in Cycle II. In addition, student activity during the learning process also increased, with students becoming more active, enthusiastic, and cooperative in discussions and tournaments. Thus, the Teams Games Tournament learning model supported by Baamboozle is effective in improving elementary school students’ social studies learning outcomes.
Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran WordWall terhadap Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Sistem Ekskresi Kelas XI SMA Negeri 23 Makassar
This study aimed to determine the effect of using WordWall learning media on students’ motivation and learning outcomes in the excretory system topic among eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 23 Makassar. The study employed a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design. The research population consisted of all Grade XI students, while the sample included Class XI Merdeka 2 as the experimental group and Class XI Merdeka 1 as the control group, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using tests, questionnaires, and documentation. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that students’ learning motivation in the experimental class was higher than that in the control class. The Mann–Whitney test yielded a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant effect of WordWall media on students’ learning motivation. In terms of learning outcomes, the experimental class also demonstrated greater improvement than the control class, with an N-Gain score of 0.71 in the high category, while the control class obtained an N-Gain score of 0.53 in the moderate category. The independent sample t-test produced a significance value of 0.009 < 0.05, indicating a significant effect of WordWall learning media on students’ learning outcomes. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of WordWall learning media has a positive and significant effect on students’ motivation and learning outcomes in the excretory system topic.
Special Facilities in Elementary School Laboratories: Characteristics and Physical Components that Support Learning
This study aims to examine specialized laboratory facilities in elementary schools, focusing on their physical characteristics and components in supporting student learning. The background of this study is based on the importance of a learning environment that is appropriate for the developmental stage of elementary school students, who are still in the concrete operational stage and therefore require learning experiences that are hands-on, contextual, and interactive. Emerging issues indicate that laboratory facilities in elementary schools are often not optimally designed, whether in terms of accessibility, simplicity, or visual appeal, and thus fail to sufficiently support student engagement in learning. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a literature review method. Data were obtained from various academic sources such as books, scientific journals, and educational policy documents, and were then analyzed using content analysis techniques to identify key themes related to laboratory facilities. The results of the study indicate that elementary school laboratory facilities need to be accessible, simple, functional, visually appealing, and flexible. Supporting physical components include student work areas, open storage, educational displays, exploration corners, and adequate lighting and ventilation. Well-designed facilities contribute to students’ comfort and engagement in learning, thereby playing a crucial role in creating an effective and meaningful learning environment.
Analisis Penggunaan Sistem Informasi Mumtaz dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Administrasi Sekolah di SD Integral Luqman Al-Hakim Mataram
This study was conducted because Luqman Al-Hakim Integral Elementary School has been using the in various school administrative activities, but no in-depth study has ever been conducted regarding the effectiveness of its use. However, the use of the right information system can help improve the quality of school administrative services. Therefore, this research is important to determine how the Mumtaz Information System is used and its contribution to improving the effectiveness of school administration at Integral Luqman Al-Hakim Elementary School in Mataram. This study employs a qualitative approach using the case study method. The research subjects include the school principal, school operators, teachers, parents, and students. Data collection techniques were conducted through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis utilized the Miles and Huberman model through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the Mumtaz Information System has been actively used in various school administrative activities, such as the admission of new students, payment management, student data storage, and the online dissemination of information to parents. The use of this system enhances the effectiveness of school administration by reducing data entry errors, streamlining administrative processes, and facilitating structured data access and storage. Additionally, the quality of administrative services becomes faster, more effective, efficient, accurate, and transparent. This system also offers various benefits for schools and parents, such as ease of data management, increased administrative transparency, easy access to payment information, and strengthened communication between schools and parents. Thus, the use of the Mumtaz Information System has proven capable of supporting improved school administrative effectiveness and the quality of educational services at SD Integral Luqman Al-Hakim.
Development of Oil Drops Practicum Guide Possession with Liquid Glycerol as Source of Oil Granules
This study aimed to develop a printed practicum guide for the Millikan oil drop experiment using glycerol liquid as a source of oil droplets and to determine its feasibility based on expert validation and student perceptions. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the 4-D development model proposed by Thiagarajan, consisting of the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The research was conducted with 35 Physics Education students of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Jambi, who were enrolled in the Physics Experiment course. Data were collected through observation, interviews, validation questionnaires, and student response questionnaires. The developed practicum guide was evaluated by material and media experts using a four-point Likert scale. The material validation results showed an average score of 3.8 with a feasibility percentage of 95%, indicating a very good category. The media validation results obtained an average score of 3.5 with a feasibility percentage of 88.3%, also categorized as very good. Furthermore, student perception data showed an average score of 3.51 with a percentage of 87.96%, indicating that the practicum guide was highly accepted and considered useful for supporting independent learning. These findings demonstrate that the developed practicum guide is valid, practical, and feasible to be used as a learning resource in physics experiment courses, particularly for the Millikan oil drop experiment using glycerol liquid.
Krisis Epistemologi Pendidikan Islam di Era Modern: Systematic Literature Review tentang Dikotomi Ilmu dan Model Integrasi Keilmuan
Modernity has intensified the dichotomy between religious and general knowledge in Islamic education, leading to an epistemological crisis. This article aims to examine the historical and epistemological roots of this dichotomy, explore relevant models of knowledge integration, and formulate directions for reconstructing contemporary Islamic education. This study employs a qualitative approach with a systematic literature review design, involving an in-depth examination of relevant articles, books, and scholarly publications spanning the period from 1989 to 2026. The data were analyzed through thematic synthesis, focusing on the historical roots of dichotomy, critiques of modern epistemology, and models of knowledge integration. The findings show that the epistemological crisis in Islamic education is rooted in colonialism, the secularization of modern knowledge, dualistic educational systems, and the weakening of the tauhidic worldview. In contrast, Amin Abdullah’s integration-interconnection paradigm, bayani-burhani-irfani epistemology, the tauhidic approach, and Nasr’s idea of the desacralization of knowledge offer promising solutions. The study concludes that Islamic education requires a holistic, integrative, and transformative epistemological paradigm to respond to modern challenges without losing its spiritual and moral dimensions.
Analisis Strategi Pembelajaran IPS dalam Mengembangkan Kesadaran Sosial Siswa Sekolah Dasar
This study aims to analyze Social Studies (IPS) teaching strategies for developing social awareness among elementary school students based on research findings. This study employs a literature review (library research) using a descriptive qualitative approach. Research data were obtained from various scientific articles, national journals, and literature sources relevant to IPS learning strategies and the social awareness of elementary school students. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions regarding the findings of previous studies. The results of the study indicate that effective learning strategies for developing students’ social awareness include Project-Based Learning (PBL), cooperative learning, contextual learning, environment-based learning, group discussions, simulations, and role-playing. These strategies have been proven to enhance empathy, social concern, cooperation, responsibility, critical thinking skills, and students’ active participation in social life. Furthermore, teachers play a crucial role as facilitators in creating a participatory, collaborative, and contextual learning environment. Thus, social studies education serves not only as a means of knowledge transfer but also as a medium for character development and the cultivation of students’ social awareness. This study recommends that teachers optimize the use of active learning strategies.
Penerapan Teknik Bercerita Dua Arah (Two-Way Storytelling) untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menyimak Anak Kelompok B di TK PGRI 07 Aikmel
This study aimed to improve the listening skills of Group B children at TK PGRI 07 Aikmel through the implementation of the two-way storytelling technique. The study was motivated by the low listening skills demonstrated by the children, as reflected in their limited attention during storytelling activities, difficulties in answering questions related to the story, and inadequate ability to comprehend and retell information in a sequential manner. This research employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model, consisting of two cycles involving planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The participants were Group B children of TK PGRI 07 Aikmel. Data were collected through observation and documentation using an assessment instrument covering attention focusing, story comprehension, question answering, relevant responses, and following sequential instructions. The data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative and quantitative techniques, with a classical success criterion of at least 85%. The findings revealed a continuous improvement in children’s listening skills across the cycles. The percentage increased from 64.48% in the pre-cycle to 75.71% in Cycle I and reached 86.06% in Cycle II, exceeding the predetermined success criterion. These findings indicate that the implementation of the two-way storytelling technique is effective in improving the listening skills of early childhood learners. Furthermore, the study highlights the pedagogical value of interactive storytelling in promoting active participation, language development, and meaningful learning experiences among young children.
Kepemimpinan Perempuan di Lembaga Pendidikan Islam Kontemporer: Antara Normativitas Agama dan Tuntutan Kesetaraan Gender
Female leadership in Islamic educational institutions currently stands at a crossroads between the demands of global modernization and the resistance of traditional religious interpretations. This phenomenon triggers a long-standing debate regarding the extent to which authority can be granted to women without infringing upon the boundaries of religious normativity. This article critically examines the phenomenon of female leadership in contemporary Islamic educational institutions by analyzing the dialectical tension between historically inherited religious normativity and the growing demands for gender equality in both global and national discourses. Employing a critical-hermeneutic approach to religious texts alongside a multidisciplinary literature review, this study maps three primary arenas of debate: (1) classic fiqh interpretations versus contextual reinterpretations regarding female leadership; (2) the empirical reality of female leadership in madrasahs, pesantrens (Islamic boarding schools), and Islamic higher education institutions; and (3) the structural-cultural barriers that restrict the actualization of female leadership despite the absence of absolute theological prohibitions. The findings indicate that obstacles to female leadership in Islamic educational institutions stem predominantly from patriarchal socio-cultural constructions embedded within religious interpretations rather than from Islamic doctrine itself. The maqashid al-shari'ah approach which emphasizes justice and public interest along with the contextual hermeneutics developed by Muslim feminists such as Amina Wadud and Nasaruddin Umar, offers a robust theological foundation to legitimize female leadership. This article concludes that the transformation of female leadership in Islamic educational institutions requires simultaneous reforms: hermeneutical (recontextualization of interpretations), structural (affirmative institutional policies), and pedagogical (gender-based leadership curricula).
Efektivitas Media Representasi Visual Rantai Makanan (V-Foodchain) Terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPAS Materi Ekosistem Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
This study aimed to determine how visual representation media of the food chain, V-FoodChain, improved fourth-grade students’ ability to analyze ecosystems at SDN Paseraman 1 Arjasa, Sumenep Regency. This quantitative study used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest method. The research sample consisted of 10 students selected through total sampling. The research instrument was an essay test administered before and after the treatment. The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using a paired-sample t-test with SPSS. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ learning outcomes after the use of V-FoodChain media. The mean pretest score increased from 52.30 to 84.80 in the posttest, with a significance value of 0.000 (<0.05). The effect size was very large (d ≈ 2.2), indicating a strong practical effect. The standard deviation decreased from 16.82 to 10.27, showing more consistent learning outcomes among students. These findings indicate that V-FoodChain media is effective in improving IPAS learning outcomes on ecosystem material and supporting more consistent gains in elementary students’ abilities.
Pengaruh Media Puzzle Suku Kata terhadap Keterampilan Membaca Permulaan Siswa Kelas I SDN 24 Ampenan
This study aims to determine the influence of syllable Puzzle media on the beginning reading skills of first-grade students at SDN 24 Ampenan. This research is important to conduct because the initial reading skills of students are still low, as indicated by the fact that most students are not yet fluent in recognizing letters, reading syllables, and forming simple words. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental type using a nonequivalent control group design. The data collection technique used was testing, while data analysis was conducted thru prerequisite tests and hypothesis tests (t-test). The research results showed that there was an improvement in initial reading skills in the experimental class with an average score increase from 48 to 78.46, while the control class only increased from 52.88 to 62.85. The hypothesis test results indicated a significant effect of using syllable Puzzle media on students' initial reading skills. The conclusion of this study is that syllable Puzzle media has a positive and significant effect on improving the beginning reading skills of first-grade students at SDN 24 Ampenan, making it a viable alternative for effective and enjoyable learning media.
Persepsi Guru dalam Implementasi Pendekatan Berdiferensiasi pada Pembelajaran IPAS di Sekolah Dasar
This study aims to analyze elementary school teachers’ perceptions of the implementation of differentiated learning in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) within the Merdeka Curriculum. Differentiated learning is regarded as an approach that accommodates students’ readiness, interests, and learning profiles by adjusting learning content, processes, and products. This research employed a quantitative descriptive method using a questionnaire consisting of 40 statements measuring teachers’ knowledge, attitudes, pedagogical competence, and classroom implementation practices. The findings indicate that teachers generally hold positive perceptions regarding the importance of differentiated learning in IPAS, as it is believed to enhance student participation, strengthen inquiry skills, and accommodate diverse learning styles. However, several challenges remain, including limited time for diagnostic assessment, insufficient training on differentiation strategies, lack of adaptive learning resources, and classroom management difficulties arising from heterogeneous student abilities. These findings highlight the need for continuous support from schools and government through professional mentoring, flexible teaching resources, and strengthened teacher collaboration. The study is expected to contribute to the development of policies and instructional practices that are more responsive to students’ learning needs in elementary schools.
Pengaruh Topografi dan Vegetasi terhadap Kecepatan Angin di Daerah Pegunungan Sukabumi: Studi Observasi Lapangan
This study aims to analyze the influence of topography and vegetation on wind speed in mountainous areas. Conducted in April 2026 in Cinunjang Village, Cijulang Village, Jampang Tengah District, Sukabumi Regency, the research employed a descriptive method with direct field observation. Data were collected from three locations: a footpath surrounded by trees, a rice field area, and a residential area, using a digital anemometer and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the highest wind speed was recorded in the rice field area (1.6 m/s), while the lowest was observed on the tree-covered footpath (0.8 m/s). The residential area recorded a wind speed of 1.5 m/s. These differences were influenced by topography, vegetation density, and land openness, which affect air circulation patterns. The findings enhance understanding of how environmental conditions influence wind speed distribution in mountainous regions and provide useful information for spatial planning, disaster risk mitigation, and environmentally responsive design.
The Application of the Quantum Teaching Model with a Deep Learning Approach to Improve Students’ Problem-Solving Skills in the Topic of Static Fluids
This study aims to analyze students’ problem-solving skills through the application of the Quantum Teaching model with a deep learning approach to static fluid. The research method used is a quantitative method with a between-group design, specifically a quasi-experimental research design. The type of quasi-experimental research design used in this study is a nonequivalent control group design, in which there are two classes used, namely a control class and an experimental class. The research instrument used is a problem-solving ability instrument developed based on Polya’s indicators, consisting of three items. The data analysis employed N-Gain scores and a t-test hypothesis test, which met the prerequisites of normality and homogeneity. The results indicate that the N-Gain scores in the experimental class were higher than those in the control class, with respective values of 0.71 and 0.42. These results were supported by the t-test hypothesis test, which showed an Asyimp sig (2-tailed) value—under the assumption of unequal variances—of <0.05. This indicates a significant difference in the improvement of problem-solving skills between students in the experimental and control classes. Thus, the Quantum Teaching model with a deep learning approach can serve as an alternative for enhancing problem-solving skills students, particularly in the area of static fluids.
Dekonstruksi dan Rekonstruksi Epistemologi Pendidikan Agama Islam di Era Globalisasi
The dominance of a transmissive-doctrinal paradigm in Islamic Religious Education has increasingly demonstrated its inadequacy in responding to contemporary pressures from digital disruption and value pluralism to religious extremism. This article aims to reconstruct the epistemological foundations of Islamic Education as a response to these structural challenges. Drawing on critical library-based analysis, the study examines classical and contemporary educational thought alongside recent empirical studies in Islamic pedagogy. Data were collected through systematic documentation of scholarly literature and analyzed using content analysis and critical discourse analysis. Sources were selected based on their relevance to epistemological critique and reconstructive frameworks within Islamic education. The study identifies three structural flaws in prevailing Islamic education epistemology: the colonial-era bifurcation of religious and general knowledge; the hegemony of text-centred transmission at the expense of contextual reasoning; and the absence of a transformative-emancipatory orientation. Against these deficiencies, the study advances a four-pillar reconstructive model grounded in (1) an integrative framework bridging naqliyyah and aqliyyah traditions, (2) maqasid al-syariah teleology foregrounding the protection of intellect and social harmony, (3) a Qur'anically-rooted critical pedagogy centred on tafakkur and tadabbur, and (4) values-based multicultural education anchored in rahmatan lil 'alamin. Empirical studies indicate that Islamic education models emphasising critical thinking demonstrate higher outcomes in student moral reasoning and civic engagement. Epistemological reconstruction is therefore a non-negotiable precondition for cultivating Muslim learners who are critically literate and spiritually resilient.
Evaluasi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Perspektif Kurikulum Merdeka
Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays a crucial role in shaping students who are faithful, pious, and have noble character. However, PAI learning evaluation practices still tend to be cognitively oriented through written tests and memorization of material, resulting in less than optimal measurement of affective and psychomotor aspects, as well as the internalization of Islamic values in students' lives. Furthermore, teachers' understanding of the evaluation concept in the Independent Curriculum, particularly holistic and authentic evaluation, remains suboptimal. This situation indicates a gap between the ideal goals of PAI learning and evaluation practices implemented in the field. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the concept and implementation of Islamic Religious Education learning evaluation from the perspective of the Independent Curriculum.. This research employs a qualitative approach with a library research design. The research data were obtained through the examination of books, scientific journals, articles, and various literature sources relevant to PAI learning evaluation and the Merdeka Curriculum. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis through the stages of data condensation, data presentation, and descriptive-analytical conclusion drawing. The research results show that the concept of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning evaluation within the Independent Curriculum perspective is implemented through diagnostic, formative, and summative assessments based on the principles of student-centeredness, sustainability, flexibility, holistic, and authenticity. Its implementation serves not only as an instrument for measuring learning outcomes but also as a means of internalizing Islamic values, developing Islamic character, and strengthening students' spirituality through the comprehensive integration of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. Thus, the evaluation of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning within the Independent Curriculum has a more comprehensive, humanistic, and contextual orientation in supporting the achievement of Islamic education goals.
Peran Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam Menunjang Kinerja Tutor di Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat (PKBM) Melati Kabupaten Enrekang
The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought significant changes to the education sector, including nonformal education. As a technology that can support learning planning, implementation, and evaluation, AI has the potential to enhance tutor performance and improve the quality of learning. This study aims to describe the forms of AI utilization in learning, analyze its impact on tutor performance, and identify the factors influencing its use at PKBM Melati, Enrekang Regency. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The research informants consisted of one manager and five tutors, while eight learners were involved as supporting respondents. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that AI is used by tutors to help prepare learning instruments, develop teaching materials, search for learning references, design evaluations, and support more systematic learning delivery. The use of AI improves tutors' work efficiency, streamlines learning administration, and enhances the quality of material delivery, making it more interactive and easier for learners to understand. The factors influencing AI utilization include the availability of technological facilities, institutional support, training activities, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness experienced by tutors. Therefore, the use of AI positively contributes to supporting tutor performance and improving the quality of learning at PKBM Melati, Enrekang Regency.
Pemeliharaan dan Inventarisasi Alat serta Bahan Laboratorium dalam Mendukung Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar
Maintenance of laboratory equipment and materials is a crucial activity in laboratory management, ensuring the smooth running of practicums, occupational safety, and the quality of learning and research outcomes. This study aims to examine the importance of maintaining laboratory equipment and materials, its implementation procedures, and the benefits it provides in supporting the effectiveness of laboratory activities. The research method used was library research with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were obtained through a review of various literature sources, including books, scientific journal articles, official documents, and regulations related to laboratory management. Data analysis techniques included collection, reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions from various relevant sources. The results indicate that laboratory equipment maintenance includes cleaning, storage, periodic inspections, calibration, and repair to maintain function and accuracy. Meanwhile, laboratory material maintenance includes labeling, storage according to material characteristics, monitoring expiration dates, and safe waste management. This study also indicates that proper maintenance plays a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of laboratory facilities, reducing the risk of equipment damage and workplace accidents, and supporting the success of practicums and research activities. Maintenance success is influenced by human resource competence, the availability of standard operating procedures (SOPs), an integrated inventory system, and adequate budget support. Therefore, implementing a planned and sustainable maintenance system is a crucial factor in creating a safe, effective, efficient, and high-quality laboratory.
Pengembangan Alat Percobaan dan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Berbasis STEM pada Materi Gelombang Bunyi (Kelintang Jolo)
This study aims to Develop experimental tools and STEM-based Student Worksheets (LKPD) on sound wave material using Arduino technology and Kelintang Jolo local wisdom for eleventh-grade high school students in Jambi Province. The 4D Development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate) was employed, limited to the Develop stage. Validation involved three validators using Aiken's V formula, while practicality was measured through student response questionnaires analyzed descriptively. Results showed content validity reaching V-Aiken 0.75 (Valid) and media validity 0.72 (Valid) at Stage II. Practicality testing on 30 students at SMA Negeri 8 Jambi City yielded a mean response score of 3.19 out of 4 (Good/Practical) with Cronbach's Alpha 0.86 (Reliable). The Kelintang Jolo context and Arduino technology integration successfully enhanced the relevance and appeal of sound wave learning material. The product is declared valid and practical as an innovative physics learning medium integrating local wisdom with 21st-century technology.
Analisis Spasial Kerawanan Banjir Bandang Berdasarkan Karakteristik Fisik Wilayah Menggunakan Pendekatan SIG di Pulau Bali
The combination of complex volcanic topography and local rainfall fluctuations places Bali in a position that is quite vulnerable to flash floods. Based on these conditions, this study attempts to map the level of regional vulnerability through an approach to its physical environmental characteristics using a Geographic Information System (GIS). The method used is descriptive quantitative, relying on a series of spatial analyses—starting from classification, weighting (scoring and weighting), to overlay techniques. Slope data from DEMNAS with a spatial resolution of 8 meters and annual rainfall data from BMKG are the two main parameters in this study. From the mapping results, the Bali region is divided into three levels of vulnerability: a low zone covering 170,249.34 ha (30.45%), a medium zone which dominates at 372,112.04 ha (66.55%), and a high zone covering 16,807.95 ha (4.66%). Interestingly, areas with high levels of vulnerability are concentrated in mountainous areas such as Bangli Regency, Karangasem, and parts of Tabanan. This is triggered by the intersection of steep slopes and high-intensity rainfall. Ultimately, these findings can provide a strong foundation for designing disaster mitigation strategies and risk-based spatial planning management on the island of Bali.
Penerapan Model Problem Besed Learning pada Mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlak di MTS Baiturrahman NW Pemepek
This study aims to describe the implementation of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in the Aqidah Akhlak subject at MTs Baiturrahman NW Pemepek and identify its effectiveness and the obstacles encountered. The background of the study stems from the low student activity due to the dominance of lecture and memorization methods. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with observation techniques and in-depth interviews with Aqidah Akhlak teachers. The results showed that the implementation of PBL was able to change the learning pattern to be more student-centered. Some students began to show enthusiasm in discussions, but many remained passive and relied on more active friends. The resulting project products were still simple and not optimal in terms of creativity. Teacher interviews revealed a slight improvement compared to conventional methods, but students were still shy to discuss. The main obstacles included teachers' limited mastery of PBL strategies, limited time, and uneven student readiness. Thus, the implementation of PBL has not had a significant impact on student activity, but it has great potential to increase motivation and critical thinking skills if supported by teacher training and student habituation.
Analisis Fungsi Laboratorium IPA, IPS, PPKn, Bahasa, dan Seni di Sekolah Dasar
The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in elementary schools encourages the use of a deep learning approach, which emphasizes students’ active participation in constructing knowledge through meaningful learning experiences. In this context, laboratories serve as one of the important learning facilities that support the achievement of such educational goals. This article aims to examine the various types of laboratories that can be utilized in elementary schools and to describe their functions and contributions to the implementation of deep learning. The study employed a library research method by reviewing relevant books, scientific articles, educational regulations, and other academic references. The collected data were analyzed descriptively to explain the role of each type of laboratory in the learning process. The findings reveal that elementary schools may utilize several types of laboratories, including science, social studies, civics, language, and arts laboratories. Each laboratory has its own specific function while complementing one another in fostering science process skills, critical thinking, social awareness, citizenship values, communication abilities, and creativity among students. Through laboratory-based activities, learners are provided with opportunities to gain direct, contextual, and meaningful experiences that enhance their understanding of concepts and support the goals of deep learning. Nevertheless, the effective implementation of laboratory activities remains constrained by several factors, including limited facilities, underutilization of available resources, and teachers’ capacity to manage laboratory-based learning. Therefore, greater efforts are needed to optimize the use of laboratories as an integral component of meaningful learning in elementary education.
Peran Transformasi PKBM terhadap Tingkat Literasi Sosial dan Ekonomi Masyarakat Putus Sekolah di Era Digital: Studi pada PKBM Melati Kabupaten Enrekang
The development of digital technology encourages non-formal educational institutions to transform learning to improve the community's ability to face social and economic changes. School dropouts are a group that requires strengthening social and economic literacy to be able to utilize technology productively. This study aims to analyze the transformation of the Melati Community Learning Center (PKBM) in Enrekang Regency in improving the social and economic literacy of school dropouts and identify supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study type conducted at the Melati Community Learning Center (PKBM) in Enrekang Regency in 2026. The research instrument was the researcher herself with data sources in the form of PKBM managers, tutors, and students through interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model through the stages of data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Data validity was tested through triangulation of sources and techniques. The results of the study indicate that digital transformation at the Melati Community Learning Center (PKBM) was carried out through the use of WhatsApp, Zoom, Google Forms, and YouTube in learning. This transformation improved students' social literacy as indicated by increased communication, active discussions, and digital interactions. In terms of economic literacy, students are beginning to utilize social media and marketplaces to promote products and engage in simple business activities. Research implications indicate that digital transformation of community-based learning (PKBM) can be a strategy for empowering dropouts, but strengthening digital facilities and competencies is necessary for optimal implementation.
Strategi Pemanfaatan Media Sosial sebagai Media Pembelajaran pada Program Kesetaraan Paket C di PKBM Melati
This study aims to explore and describe in-depth the form of social media utilization as a learning medium and its impact on the participation and learning motivation of learners in the Paket C Equivalency Program at PKBM Melati, Juppandang Village, Enrekang District. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type to uncover the subjects' experiences naturally. Data collection was carried out through technical triangulation, namely participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, involving PKBM managers, tutors, and learners selected through purposive sampling. The results showed that the use of social media, specifically the WhatsApp and YouTube platforms, has transformed into the main instruments in implementing distance learning based on a blended learning approach. WhatsApp functions as a mobile-based Learning Management System (LMS) to distribute teaching materials, manage task submissions, and facilitate asynchronous discussions. Meanwhile, YouTube is strategically used as a supporting visual reference to facilitate the independent learning styles of adult learners. The use of social media provides a highly significant positive contribution, namely offering time flexibility for learners who are predominantly active workers, encouraging a transformation towards independent learning (self-directed learning), and effectively overcoming geographical distance barriers for residents living in remote areas. The main obstacles found in the field include internet network instability due to the hilly topography, digital literacy gaps among adult learners, and the economic burden of data quota costs. However, these various obstacles were successfully mitigated through the tutors' adaptive and humanistic policies by providing flexible deadlines for task completion, as well as the innovative involvement of the learners' family members in assisting with the use of technology. In conclusion, the integration of social media has proven effective as an andragogical solution in maintaining the continuity of participation and preserving the motivation of Paket C Equivalency Program learners amidst constraints of space, time, and infrastructure.
Peran TIK dalam Meningkatkan Kreativitas Guru pada Proses Pembelajaran di SMA NW Mataram: A Case Study
This study aims to describe the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in enhancing teacher creativity in the learning process at SMA NW Mataram. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. The research was conducted at SMA NW Mataram during the second semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. The research participants consisted of teachers who actively utilized ICT in their teaching practices. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, which includes data collection, data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. Data validity was ensured through source triangulation, technique triangulation, member checking, and prolonged engagement. The findings indicate that ICT plays a significant role in enhancing teacher creativity in the learning process. Teachers utilize various digital media, such as laptops, the internet, PowerPoint presentations, instructional videos, and learning applications, to create more innovative, engaging, and interactive learning experiences. The use of ICT also helps increase students’ motivation and participation in learning activities. In addition, ICT serves as a source of knowledge through computer-based learning at school and as a tool for developing students’ interests and talents. However, the implementation of ICT still faces several challenges, including limited infrastructure and facilities, differences in technological proficiency among teachers, and insufficient training in technology utilization. Therefore, school support is needed through the provision of adequate facilities and the enhancement of teachers’ digital competencies to ensure the optimal integration of ICT in the learning process.
Peran Kegiatan Praktik Berbasis Eksperimen Demonstrasi dalam Proses Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar
Practical activities are an effective learning approach to supporting the development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes in elementary school students. This article aims to examine the role of practical activities in the form of experiments and demonstrations in the learning process in elementary schools through a literature review. Data were obtained from various sources, including books, scientific journals, research articles, and educational documents relevant to the research topic. The results of the study indicate that experimental and demonstration activities play a significant role in improving students' conceptual understanding, science process skills, critical thinking skills, learning motivation, and scientific attitudes. Experimental activities provide opportunities for students to discover concepts through direct experience, while demonstrations help students understand processes or concepts that are difficult to observe independently. Furthermore, both methods can create more active, engaging, and meaningful learning, in accordance with the developmental characteristics of elementary school students who are still at the concrete operational stage. Therefore, the implementation of practical activities in learning needs to be continuously developed as part of a student-centered learning strategy.
Implementasi Absensi Berbasis Digital untuk Meningkatkan Disiplin Siswa di SMPN 1 Praya Kabupaten Lombok Tengah
The development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has encouraged schools to improve their administrative systems, including student attendance management. This study aims to describe the implementation of a digital attendance system in enhancing student discipline at SMPN 1 Praya, Central Lombok Regency. The research employed a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation involving the principal, teachers, and students as research informants. The findings reveal that the barcode-based digital attendance system effectively improves student discipline, particularly in terms of punctuality, compliance with school regulations, and responsibility for participating in learning activities until completion. The system is implemented through arrival attendance before 07:15 AM (WITA) and departure attendance at 01:15 PM (WITA). Furthermore, the use of manual attendance as an additional verification mechanism enhances the accuracy and accountability of attendance records. Although several challenges remain, including network disruptions, system errors, and attempts at student misconduct, the school addresses these issues through direct supervision, disciplinary sanctions, and periodic evaluations. Therefore, the digital attendance system can be considered an effective innovation for improving student discipline and enhancing school attendance administration.
Silver Nanowire Transparent Conductive Film Prepared by Spin Coating: Correlating Network Morphology with Optical and Electrical Properties
In this study, silver nanowires (AgNWs) were synthesized through the polyol process and subsequently deposited onto glass substrates by a spin-coating technique to fabricate transparent conductive films. The morphology, optical properties, and electrical performance of the resulting films were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–Vis spectrophotometry, and sheet resistance measurements. SEM observations confirmed the successful formation of AgNWs with an average diameter of 332 nm and a length of 28 µm. After film deposition, the AgNWs formed a dense and interconnected network with average dimensions of 178 nm in diameter and 12 µm in length. Optical characterization revealed a transmittance of 86.6% at 550 nm, indicating high transparency in the visible region. Electrical measurements showed a low sheet resistance of 3.3 Ω/sq, indicating good electrical conductivity of the fabricated film. The observed combination of high transmittance and low sheet resistance is attributed to the interconnected AgNW network morphology, in which numerous nanowire junctions provide effective electron transport pathways while the open regions between neighboring nanowires allow efficient light transmission. This correlation between network morphology and the resulting optical and electrical properties suggests that the fabricated AgNW film possesses characteristics suitable for transparent conductive electrode applications.
Pengembangan Media Jam Bunga Matahari (Jambuhari) pada Materi Membaca dan Menentukan Arah Jarum Jam Kelas 2 SD
This study aims to develop a Sunflower Clock learning media for teaching second-grade elementary school students how to read and determine the direction of clock hands at SDN Timuk Gawah. The development of this learning media was motivated by the lack of student enthusiasm and participation in learning activities due to the limited availability of instructional media. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The study involved 20 second-grade students and one teacher, including 5 students in the small-group trial and 15 students along with one teacher in the large-group trial. Data were collected using questionnaires. The results of the study produced a valid and practical Sunflower Clock learning media. Based on the media expert validation, the learning media achieved a validity score of 80%, while the material expert validation yielded a score of 92.8%. Furthermore, the results of both small-group and large-group trials, involving teacher and student responses, indicated that the Sunflower Clock learning media falls into the practical category, with an average score of 88.4%.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pop-up Book Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Suku Sasambo terhadap Hasil Belajar IPAS Siswa Kelas IV di SDN 32 Cakranegara
This research is motivated by the low learning outcomes of students in science and the limited use of innovative and contextual learning media in elementary schools. In addition, the potential of SASAMBO local wisdom as a learning resource that can make learning more contextual and meaningful has not been optimally utilized in the learning process. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of Pop-up book media based on Sasambo local wisdom on the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students in Sdn 32 Cakranegara. This study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design and an unequal control group design. The research population is all 56 fourth-grade students in Sdn 32 Cakranegara, consisting of 28 students in each class: Class IV A as the experimental class and Class IV B as the control class. The sampling technique uses saturated sampling. The research instrument consists of pre-test and post-test questions, as well as an observation sheet for learning implementation. Data analysis using normality test, homogeneity test, independent sample t-test, and effect size test using SPSS version 25 for Windows. The results showed that the average pre-test score for the experimental class was 56.9 and increased to 94.4 in the post-test. Meanwhile, the control class obtained an average pre-test score of 54.4 and a post-test score of 79.0. The results of the independent sample t-test showed a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000 <0.05, so H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. This indicates a significant effect of the use of pop-up book media based on Sasambo local wisdom on the science learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at Sdn 32 Cakranegara. The calculation of the effect size using Cohen's D also showed a large category, which indicates that pop-up book media has a strong influence in improving student learning outcomes. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of pop-up book media based on Sasambo local wisdom is effective in improving the science learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at Sdn 32 Cakranegara.
Model Project Based Learning (PjBL) Berbantuan Media Game Biosentence Challenge untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Murid Kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 26 Makassar
This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 26 Makassar in the subject of biotechnology through the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model aided by the Biosentence Challenge game. This study is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in three cycles, each consisting of one session, covering the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The Biosentence Challenge game is a word-building game designed to form sentences relevant to biotechnology concepts. A practical activity involving the production of sweet potato tapai was integrated as a real-world project into the learning process. Data collection instruments included a pretest, formative tests at the end of each cycle, and a posttest following the third cycle. The research results showed a significant improvement in learning outcomes, marked by an increase in the average formative test score from 72.4 in Cycle I to 83.8 in Cycle II, and 98.3 in Cycle III. A comparison of the pretest (77.7) and posttest (93.35) scores revealed an increase of 15.65 points. The class N-gain analysis was 0.67 (moderate category) with 11 students in the high category, and the analysis by indicator showed the highest improvement in C3 (Applying) with an N-gain of 0.70 and C4 (Analyzing) with an N-gain of 0.71. The implementation of the game-assisted PjBL model proved capable of optimally improving students’ motivation, active engagement, and conceptual understanding of biotechnology material.
Identifikasi Potensi Akuifer Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Resistivitas Konfigurasi Wenner di Kelurahan Betungan, Kota Bengkulu
Groundwater is an important water resource for meeting community water demands. Information regarding subsurface characteristics and aquifer occurrence is essential for assessing groundwater potential in a given area. This study aims to identify subsurface layer characteristics and determine zones with potential as aquifers in Raflesia Asri Housing Estate, Betungan Village, Selebar District, Bengkulu City. The research employed the two-dimensional (2D) electrical resistivity method using the Wenner configuration. The measured data were processed using Res2DINV software to obtain a subsurface resistivity distribution model. The inversion results indicate resistivity values ranging from 1.52 Ωm to 317 Ωm, with an investigation depth of approximately 43 m. Low-resistivity zones (1.52–15.0 Ωm) are interpreted as clay and silt layers, whereas moderate-resistivity zones (15.0–69.0 Ωm) are interpreted as clayey sand to water-saturated sand, which are considered potential aquifer layers. High-resistivity zones (>69.0–317 Ωm) are interpreted as gravelly sand and weathered rock. The dominance of moderate-resistivity zones in the inverted resistivity sections indicates the presence of potential aquifers that may serve as groundwater resources in the study area.
Analisis Pelaksanaan Supervisi Akademik Kepala Sekolah di Sekolah Dasar
This study aims to analyze the implementation of academic supervision by elementary school principals in improving the quality of learning. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach and was conducted at SD 2 Rumak, West Lombok Regency, during the second semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. The research subjects consisted of the principal, classroom teachers, and subject teachers selected through purposive sampling based on their involvement in academic supervision activities. Data collection techniques included participant observation, structured interviews, and documentation, with data analysis using the Miles and Huberman model, which encompasses data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of academic supervision has proceeded systematically through the stages of planning, implementation, feedback, and follow-up. Planning is carried out in a participatory manner involving teachers, while supervision is conducted through direct classroom observation using clear assessment tools. Feedback is provided constructively and followed up with guidance and follow-up supervision. Academic supervision has a positive impact on improving the quality of learning, such as the use of more varied methods, more effective classroom management, and increased teacher-student interaction. The findings reveal that academic supervision contributes to improving teachers' instructional practices, particularly in the use of varied teaching methods, classroom management, and teacher–student interaction. Constructive feedback and systematic follow-up were also found to play an important role in improving learning quality. However, the implementation of supervision still faces challenges, such as time constraints, scheduling conflicts, and differences in teacher readiness. Therefore, strengthening the management of supervision is necessary to ensure it is more optimal and sustainable.
Analisis Korelasi antara Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah dan Miskonsepsi pada Materi Fluida Statis
Misconceptions in physics learning can hinder students conceptual understanding and affect their ability to solve problems effectively. Therefore, investigating the relationship between misconceptions and problem-solving ability is important to provide information for improving physics learning, particularly in static fluid concepts. This study aims to analyze the correlation between students’ problem-solving ability and misconceptions in static fluid material. The study employed a quantitative correlational design involving 31 students of class XI MIPA at a senior high school in Bandung. The sampling technique used was total sampling. Data were collected using a misconception test consisting of 10 two-tier multiple-choice questions and a problem-solving ability test consisting of 10 essay questions. Data analysis was conducted using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test and Spearman’s rho correlation test. The normality test results indicated that both misconception and problem-solving ability data were not normally distributed (p < 0.05). Therefore, the Spearman correlation test was employed. The results showed a correlation coefficient of 0.291 with a significance value of 0.090 (p > 0.05). These findings indicate that there is a positive but statistically insignificant correlation between misconceptions and problem-solving ability. The correlation level is categorized as weak. Therefore, misconceptions do not significantly affect students’ problem-solving ability in static fluid material.
Peran Transformasi Digital dalam Peningkatan Nilai Ekonomi Produk PKBM Rizki Amalia, Desa Buntu Sarong, Kecamatan Masalle
Digital transformation is a crucial need in the economic development of rural communities because it can expand market access, increase product competitiveness, and encourage business innovation based on local potential. However, the use of digital technology by coffee entrepreneurs in Buntu Sarong Village, Masalle District, is still not optimal, so the role of community empowerment institutions is needed to support the digitalization process. This study aims to describe the application of digital transformation in increasing the economic value of local coffee products, analyze the role of PKBM Rizki Amalia in supporting the process, and identify supporting and inhibiting factors that influence its success. This research is expected to provide benefits for the development of studies on non-formal education, community empowerment, and the digital economy based on local potential. The study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design conducted at PKBM Rizki Amalia Buntu Sarong Village, Masalle District, Enrekang Regency in 2026. The main research instrument is the researcher with supporting instruments in the form of interview guidelines, observation, and documentation. Data sources consist of primary and secondary data collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was tested through triangulation of sources, techniques, and time. The results of the study indicate that digital transformation through the use of social media, improved product packaging, and the use of production technology can expand marketing reach and increase the economic value of local coffee. Supporting factors include PKBM training, internet access, and community motivation, while inhibiting factors include limited digital literacy and technological facilities. The implications of this study indicate that PKBM plays a strategic role as an agent of community empowerment in encouraging sustainable digital transformation to improve the economic welfare of rural communities.
Pengaruh Status Sosial Ekonomi Keluarga dan Teman Sebaya terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Jurusan Manajemen Perkantoran SMK PGRI 2 Sidoarjo
This study will be examining the effect of family socio-economic status and peer group on students' learning achievement in the Office Management in SMK PGRI 2 Sidoarjo. This study utilized a quantitative method, adopting an associative research design. The study population was 221 students, but 142 respondents were chosen as samples by employing purposive sampling and Slovin formula with 5% error rate. The data collection instrument used was a structured questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale that was then analyzed through multiple linear regression, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination using IBM SPSS Statistics software. It is observed from the results that the family socio-economic status had a significant effect on students' learning achievement with a significance value of 0.000 and t-value of 4.656. The peer group also had a significant effect with a significance value of 0.000 and t-value of 7.154. Both the variables had a simultaneous significant effect on learning achievement with an F-value of 120.055 and significance value of 0.000. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.633 implied that the two variables contribute to 63.3% to the students' learning achievement. The findings contribute to efforts to improve vocational students’ academic achievement by providing empirical evidence for schools, teachers, and parents to strengthen family support and promote positive peer environments that encourage learning motivation and academic success.
Integrasi MATLAB dalam E-Modul Fisika Statistik Berbasis Heyzine Flipbook: Persepsi Mahasiswa terhadap Bahan Ajar Interaktif
Statistical physics is one of the courses that contains abstract concepts and complex mathematical representations, requiring teaching materials that can support students' conceptual understanding through visualization and simulation. This study aims to develop a statistical physics electronic module based on Heyzine Flipbook assisted by Matlab and to determine students' perceptions of its use on the topics of distribution functions and statistical interpretation of entropy. This study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D development model, which consists of the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The research subjects were 23 students of the Physics Education Study Program who had completed the statistical physics course. Data were collected through media expert validation sheets, material expert validation sheets, and student perception questionnaires. The results of media expert validation obtained a percentage of 85.53% in the very good category, while material expert validation obtained a percentage of 100% in the very good category. Student perceptions yielded an average score of 3.3 with a percentage of 84%, which was categorized as very good. The developed e-module integrates learning materials, graphical visualization, and Matlab-based simulations to support the presentation of statistical physics concepts. The findings show that the e-module is feasible for use as a digital teaching material and can support students in understanding the relationship between mathematical representations and the physical interpretation of statistical physics concepts. Therefore, the Heyzine Flipbook-based statistical physics e-module assisted by Matlab can be used as an alternative digital teaching material in statistical physics learning.
Hubungan Kecerdasan Naturalis dan Sikap Peduli Lingkungan terhadap Pemahaman Materi Ekosistem Siswa Kelas X di MAN 1 Makassar
This study aims to determine the relationship between naturalist intelligence and environmental awareness towards the understanding of ecosystem material of grade X students at MAN 1 Makassar. The study used a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The research sample was determined through a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a naturalist intelligence questionnaire, an environmental awareness attitude questionnaire, and an ecosystem material understanding test. Data analysis was carried out using correlation tests and multiple regression. The results of the study showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between naturalist intelligence and the understanding of ecosystem material, as well as between environmental awareness and the understanding of ecosystem material. In addition, simultaneously naturalist intelligence and environmental awareness attitudes also had a significant relationship towards students' understanding of ecosystem material. The conclusion of this study shows that increasing naturalist intelligence and environmental awareness attitudes contributed to improving the understanding of ecosystem material of grade X students.
Alih Fungsi Lahan Gambut dan Cadangan Karbon di Kabupaten Pulang Pisau: Tinjauan Literatur dalam Perspektif Ekoteologi Islam
Peatland ecosystems represent the largest terrestrial reservoirs of organic carbon and possess exceptionally high ecological and climatological value. However, they are also among the most vulnerable ecosystems to land-use conversion pressures. This literature study aims to comprehensively examine how peatland conversion—including oil palm plantation expansion, agriculture, settlements, and drainage canal development—contributes to the decline of carbon stocks in Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan, from the perspective of Islamic ecotheology. The study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with thematic analysis of 25 scientific literature sources covering aspects of peatland physical and chemical degradation, CO₂ emission dynamics, peat fires, hydrological function decline, and Islamic theological values related to environmental management. The findings indicate that extensive peatland conversion accelerates the decomposition of organic matter, releases substantial carbon reserves into the atmosphere, and increases the frequency of peatland fires. Case studies from the Kahayan–Sebangau Peat Hydrological Unit, Kanamit Barat Village, and Taruna Jaya Village provide strong evidence that drainage development exceeding the natural recovery capacity of peatlands leads to severe ecological degradation and ultimately transforms peatlands into net carbon emission sources. On the other hand, mitigation approaches such as peat hydrological restoration, revegetation with native species, rewetting programs, and community-based peatland management have proven effective in reducing the rate of degradation. From the perspective of Islamic ecotheology, peatland degradation contradicts the principles of khalifah fil ardh (stewardship of the Earth), amanah (trust), mizan (balance), and the prohibition of fasad fil ardh (environmental destruction). This literature review concludes that safeguarding peatland ecosystems in Pulang Pisau Regency requires strengthening cross-sectoral regulations, implementing continuous ecological monitoring, and integrating Islamic values as a moral foundation in all peatland management policies within the region.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Kartu Kata Bergambar terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Siswa Kelas I SDN 16 Mataram
This study was motivated by the low early reading ability of first-grade students at SDN 16 Mataram, where 56.25% of students were still limited to letter recognition and syllable reading due to the use of monotonous learning media. The purpose of the study was to measure the effect of picture word card media on early reading ability. A quantitative approach was used with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest design, involving all 17 first-grade students as a saturated sample. The instrument consisted of a performance test covering four indicators: letter recognition, syllables into words, words into simple sentences, and fluency and clarity of voice. Data were analyzed using Paired Sample T-Test via SPSS 27.0. The results showed an increase in the mean score from 40.93 (pretest) to 67.74 (posttest), with a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 < 0.05, thus H₀ was rejected and H₁ was accepted. It is concluded that there is a significant effect of using picture word card media on the early reading ability of first-grade students at SDN 16 Mataram.
Rekonstruksi Konsep Tazkiyatun Nafs Al-Ghazali dalam Bingkai Psikologi Positif: Studi Literasi Upaya Mitigasi Krisis Mental Siswa di Era Digital
The mental health crisis of students in the digital era is a pressing issue that cannot be approached solely through a secular clinical psychology approach. This study aims to reconstruct Al-Ghazali's concept of tazkiyatun nafs within the framework of positive psychology as an integrative conceptual framework for mitigating the mental crisis of students in the digital era. The method used is library research with a reconstructive-integrative design, through four analytical techniques: content analysis, comparative analysis, hermeneutic analysis, and conceptual synthesis. Primary sources include Al-Ghazali's works, especially Iḥyāʼ ʿulūm al-dīn, as well as the works of Martin E. P. Seligman as a representation of positive psychology. The results of the study show three main findings. First, Al-Ghazali's concept of tazkiyatun nafs, which encompasses four dimensions of the soul (qalb, rūh, nafs, aql) and three stages of purification (takhalli, taḥallī, tajallī), constitutes a comprehensive psychospiritual development system and corresponds to contemporary neuroscience findings. Second, there are substantial points of convergence between tazkiyatun nafs and Seligman's PERMA model: the takhalli stage corresponds to the Positive Emotions and Engagement elements; the taḥallī stage has a structural parallel with the Character Strengths classification in the VIA framework; and the tajallī stage goes beyond the Meaning element by adding a transcendent dimension. Third, this study formulates an Integrative Conceptual Framework of Tazkiyatun Nafs–Positive Psychology (TKPP) consisting of three layers: spiritual-value foundation, PERMA-based psychological operations, and practical-pedagogical that translates the stages of tazkiyatun nafs into structured educational intervention phases. The TKPP framework is both scientifically grounded and spiritually rooted, relevant as a basis for developing Islamic Religious Education (PAI) curricula, Islamic guidance and counseling, and national education policies in response to students' mental health crises in the digital era.
The Strategic Role of Laboratory Management in Improving Quality of Science Learning in Elementary Schools
Laboratory management is a fundamental component in the effective and quality implementation of science learning in elementary schools. This study aims to systematically examine the strategic role of laboratory management in improving the quality of science learning in elementary schools through a literature review approach. The method used is a systematic literature review of 35 scientific articles published between 2015 and 2024 from various reputable national and international journals. The results of the study indicate that good laboratory management encompasses four main dimensions: (1) management of laboratory facilities and infrastructure, (2) occupational health and safety management, (3) laboratory administration management, and (4) competency development of teachers and laboratory staff. These four dimensions have been proven to significantly contribute to improving the quality of science learning, as indicated by increased student learning motivation, scientific thinking skills, and learning outcomes. This study recommends the need for systematic policies from educational units and local governments in strengthening the governance of elementary school laboratories as a strategic effort to improve the quality of science education.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa: Literature Review
Critical thinking is an essential 21st-century skill in science and biology education. However, students’ critical thinking skills are often still relatively low due to learning processes that are less focused on investigation and active problem-solving. Inquiry learning has been widely implemented as an approach that encourages students to ac-tively construct knowledge and develop higher-order thinking skills. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the inquiry learning model on students’ critical thinking skills through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Articles were collected from Google Scholar using the Publish or Perish application, covering publications from 2022 to 2026. A total of 20 articles that met the inclusion cri-teria were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the inquiry learning model had a positive impact on students’ critical thinking skills at elementary, junior high, and senior high school levels. The most widely used form was guided inquiry, which effec-tively improved critical thinking through observation, investigation, experimentation, data analysis, and conclusion drawing. In addition, the model enhanced science process skills, collaboration, and student engagement in learning.
Efektivitas Standar Operasional Prosedur Laboratorium dalam Pembiasaan Perilaku Positif Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Character building from an early age represents a pivotal focus within primary education curricula. This study examines the efficacy of implementing school laboratory Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) as a structural stimulus to condition positive student behaviors, including discipline, accountability, hygiene, and integrity. Utilizing a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study design, this paper analyzes the transition of written SOP regulations into automated habits (habituation). This analysis is framed through the integration of Thomas Lickona’s character development framework and B.F. Skinner’s operant conditioning theory. The field results demonstrate that the consistent enforcement of laboratory regulations significantly reduces the frequency of student indiscipline. The primary determinants of successful internalisation include the assertiveness of teacher enforcement, the availability of representative facilities, teacher modeling, and cohesive monitoring collaboration between schools and parents. This study recommends restructuring conventional SOP formats into child-friendly visual media and integrating a system of positive reinforcement to cultivate intrinsic compliance among elementary school students.
Efektivitas Discovery Learning Terintegrasi Kearifan Lokal Genteng Karang Penang terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Materi Suhu dan Kalor
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Discovery Learning integrated with Karang Penang brick making local wisdom in improving junior high school students' critical thinking skills on temperature and heat topics. This pre-experimental study used a one group pretest posttest design involving 27 students. Data were collected through a validated critical thinking skills test, learning implementation observation sheets, and student response questionnaires, then analyzed using N-Gain and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests. The results showed that learning implementation was excellent (83,33%) and student responses were highly positive (89.72%). The improvement in students' critical thinking skills was in the medium category with an N-Gain score of 0.5602. This indicates that developing a Discovery Learning based instructional tool integrated with Karang Penang local wisdom provides a positive contribution to improving students' critical thinking skills. The Wilcoxon test indicated a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (p < 0.05). In conclusion, implementing Discovery Learning integrated with Karang Penang local wisdom effectively improves students' critical thinking skills.
Antara Ilmu dan Algoritma: Etika Kecerdasan Buatan dalam Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Maqāṣid Al-Sharī’ah
The penetration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Islamic educational systems necessitates an in-depth ethical inquiry. This article aims to analyze the ethical implications of AI use in Islamic education through the Maqāṣid Al-Sharī’ah framework as a comprehensive Islamic normative value system. Employing a qualitative-analytical approach based on library research, this article maps the potential and threats of AI against the five fundamental elements of maqāṣid. Findings indicate that while AI holds considerable promise in enhancing accessibility and personalized learning within madrasahs and Islamic boarding schools (pesantren), it simultaneously poses serious risks, including the erosion of theological authority, cognitive dependency, and digital inequity. To address these issues, this article contributes to the existing literature by establishing a novel, actionable ethical framework consisting of seven maqāṣid-based principles that bridge normative Islamic values with algorithmic practices. Practical implications in the form of policy recommendations for Islamic educational institutions, governments, and technology developers are also presented to ensure a balanced, maṣlaḥah-oriented AI governance in Islamic pedagogy.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran PIMCA untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Peserta Didik SMA pada Materi Kalor
Problem-solving skills are one of the most important skills for students to possess; however, their proficiency in this area remains low, necessitating a learning model that actively engages students and fosters a strong conceptual understanding. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the PIMCA learning model in improving problem-solving skills in heat-related material. A quantitative approach was used with a quasi-experimental design. The sample in this study was determined using convenience sampling, while data on problem-solving skills were collected through tests and analyzed using N-Gain, hypothesis testing in the form of an independent samples t-test, and effect size calculations. The analysis results show that the average N-Gain score for problem-solving skills among students in the experimental class was 0.59, which is higher than that of the control class, which was only 0.43. The results of the independent samples t-test yielded a significance value of < 0.001, indicating a significant difference in the improvement of problem-solving skills. Furthermore, the effect size calculation yielded a value of 1.4, which falls into the high category. Thus, the PIMCA model has a positive impact on students’ problem-solving skills regarding heat-related material. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the PIMCA model can serve as an alternative instructional model to enhance students’ problem-solving skills.
Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pengelolaan Kurikulum oleh Tenaga Pendidik di SMKN 1 Bandung Tulungagung
Principal leadership is a crucial factor determining educational success, but the phenomenon of authoritarian leadership cases indicates a gap between formal roles and effectiveness in the field, especially in relation to curriculum management. This study aims to examine in depth the leadership style of the Principal at SMK Negeri 1 Bandung Tulungagung and its implications for improving the curriculum management capabilities of educators. This study also aims to identify the leadership style and describe the curriculum management carried out by educators. This study adopted a qualitative approach with a focused case study type, where the researcher acted as the main instrument at the research site. Primary data sources involved the Principal, the Vice Principal for Curriculum, and educators. Data were collected using triangulation techniques (participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies) and analyzed interactively using the Miles and Huberman model. The results of the study confirm that leadership effectiveness lies in an adaptive and multifaceted approach that simultaneously integrates the roles of educator, leader, manager, motivator, administrator, innovator, and supervisor. The principal implemented instrument differentiation: transactional aspects (rewards and punishments) were directed at managing behavior and discipline directly tied to curriculum implementation, while transformational aspects (training/internships) were directed at improving technical competency. This success was supported by the supervisor's role through classroom visits that ensured the internalization of new knowledge into actual practice. This finding is significant because it offers a validated applied model for vocational school management, demonstrating that the effectiveness of curriculum management depends on the flexibility and comprehensiveness of the leader's managerial role.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah dengan Pendekatan Deep Learning untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah pada Materi Termodinamika
Problem-solving skills (PSS) are one of the key competencies students need to meet the demands of the 21st century; however, field observations indicate that students’ PSS remain low, particularly in thermodynamics. This study aims to improve students’ PSS through the application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model with a Deep Learning approach. The method used is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design, specifically a Non-Equivalent Control Group Design, involving 59 11th-grade science students at a public high school in Subang Regency, divided into an experimental class (PBL with Deep Learning) and a control class (PBL only). The instrument consisted of 22 PBL essay test questions based on five aspects according to Heller, namely focus on the problem, describe the physics, plan a solution, execute the plan, and evaluate the answer. The results showed that both classes experienced an increase in PBL skills, with an N-Gain of 0.47 for the experimental class and 0.35 for the control class (both in the moderate category). The Mann-Whitney U test showed an Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) < 0.001, indicating a significant difference between the two classes. These results prove that PBM with a Deep Learning approach is more effective in addressing students’ low KPM in thermodynamics material compared to PBM alone.
Implementasi Nilai Keislaman dalam Upaya Pembentukan Karakter Religius di Panti Asuhan Ridha Muhammadiyah Enrekang
This research is motivated by the importance of foster children's religious character formation through the application of Islamic values in the orphanage environment as a religious-based social educational institution. This study aims to determine the implementation of Islamic values, the role of caregivers, and their impact on the formation of religious character in foster children at the Ridha Muhammadiyah Enrekang Orphanage. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. The research was conducted at the Ridha Muhammadiyah Enrekang Orphanage with research subjects including managers, caregivers, foster children, and alumni of the orphanage. Research data were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model through the stages of data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The validity of the data was tested through triangulation of sources and techniques. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of Islamic values is carried out through habituation of worship, moral development, providing advice, and exemplary behavior of caregivers. This application has an impact on improving the discipline of worship, responsibility, independence, and social behavior of foster children. The implications of this research indicate that Islamic value-based parenting patterns can be an effective strategy in shaping the religious character of children in social welfare institutions.
Karakteristik Batuan Pra-Tersier dan Tersier Berdasarkan Metode Petrografi Studi Kasus pada Daerah Muaro Sijunjung, dan Sekitarnya, Kabupaten Sijunjung, Sumatera Barat
The Muaro Sijunjung area and its surroundings, Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatra, have complex geological conditions due to the influence of tectonic, magmatic, and sedimentary processes that have occurred from the Pre-Tertiary to the Tertiary periods. This study aims to identify the characteristics of Pre-Tertiary and Tertiary rocks based on petrographic analysis to understand their mineralogical composition, texture, and formation processes. The research method involved petrographic observation of thin sections using a polarizing microscope with parallel and crossed nicols. The analyzed samples were sourced from the Kuantan Formation (Pckl), Granite Intrusion (Tgr), Sawahtambang Formation (Tost), and Ombilin Formation (Tmo). Analysis results indicate that the Kuantan Formation consists of crystalline limestone classified as Dismicrite Mudstone, while the Granite Intrusion comprises Monzo-Granite and Syeno-Granite. The Sawahtambang Formation is dominated by non-carbonate sandstone classified as Sublitharenite Arkose, while the Ombilin Formation consists of carbonate sandstone and carbonate mudstone, classified as Lithic Wacke and Mudrock, respectively. The observed mineralogical and textural characteristics indicate the influence of diagenetic, sedimentary, magmatic, and alteration processes on each rock unit. The research results indicate that the geological evolution of the Muaro Sijunjung area is controlled by the interaction of sedimentary processes, magmatic intrusions, and tectonic activity that occurred from the Pre-Tertiary to the Tertiary periods.
Kit Robot Pendeteksi Gas Berbasis Project Based Learning: Analisis Kelayakan dan Persepsi Mahasiswa
Sensor and microcontroller materials in the Advanced Electronics course are essential for developing automation-based technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and robotics. However, learning in this course is often constrained by limited practical media, as instruction tends to be dominated by theory without adequate hands-on support, making it difficult for students to connect concepts with real-world applications. This study aims to analyze the feasibility and students' perceptions of a gas detection robot kit based on Project-Based Learning (PjBL) for sensor and microcontroller materials. The research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D model. The robot kit was developed using an Arduino Uno integrated with gas, ultrasonic, infrared, and Bluetooth sensors. Accompanying this, a learning module was structured following the PjBL syntax. Expert validation results indicated that the robot kit obtained feasibility scores of 100% and 96% from two validators, categorized as "Very Feasible." Meanwhile, the module's feasibility increased from 86% and 89% in stage I to 91% and 98% in stage II. Furthermore, a perception questionnaire distributed to 22 students yielded a positive response with a percentage of 83%, categorized as "Very Good." In conclusion, the gas detection robot kit and the PjBL-based module are highly feasible and well-received as learning media.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran RADEC (Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, Create) terhadap Hasil Belajar dan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa pada Materi Fluida Statis di Kelas XI SMA Negeri 5 Binjai
Study objectives included identifying the relationship between and improvements to students' problem-solving abilities and learning outcomes in static fluid material after using the Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, and Create (RADEC) learning model, and analyzing the model's effect on these two variables. Using a control group design with pre- and post-tests, this study was quasi-experimental. The research included all eight classes of students in Grade XI at SMA Negeri 5 Binjai. The research samples were divided into two groups according to the results of a basic random sampling procedure. Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, and Create (RADEC) was the learning methodology used in Class XI Science 1 while conventional learning was used in Class The experimental group's average pre- and post-test scores for learning outcomes were 45.91 and 79.70, respectively, whereas the control group's average scores were 44.85 and 62.42. Students' problem-solving abilities were averaged out in the experimental class at 78.06 on the posttest and 44.67 on the pretest, compared to 68.30 in the control class. Analyzes such as MANOVA, N-gain, and correlation tests were applied to the data. Results showed that when compared to traditional methods of instruction, the RADEC learning model significantly improved students' capacity to understand and solve problems. The experimental group also outperformed the control group in terms of the N-gain measures used to measure improvements in learning outcomes and problem-solving abilities. Students' problem-solving skills were positively correlated with their learning outcomes, according to the results of the correlation test.
Effects of Discovery Learning Assisted by WebGIS Media on Students’ Critical Thinking Skills
Critical thinking skills are one of the essential competencies needed by students to face the challenges of 21st-century learning, particularly in geography learning, which requires students to analyze, evaluate, and solve various geographical problems. However, the critical thinking skills of students at SMA Negeri 1 Natar are still relatively low, indicating the need for innovative learning models and media to support the learning process. This study aims to determine the influence of the Discovery Learning learning model and WebGIS media on the critical thinking ability of grade XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Natar. This study uses a quantitative approach with a 2×2 factorial quasi experimental design. The research sample consisted of 141 students who were divided into four treatment classes. The instrument used was a multiple-choice test to measure students' critical thinking skills. Data were analyzed using Two-Way ANOVA. The results showed that the Discovery Learning learning model had a significant effect on critical thinking skills with a significance value of 0.000 (<0.05). WebGIS media also had a significant effect with a significance value of 0.000 (<0.05). However, there was no interaction between the learning model and the learning media, with a significance value of 0.706 (>0.05). The R Square value of 0.323 indicates that the learning model and media together contribute 32.3% to students' critical thinking skills. Thus, Discovery Learning and WebGIS are separately effective in improving students' critical thinking skills in geography learning.
Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Suhu dan Kalor Berbasis Visual Programming dan Machine Learning dengan Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terstruktur untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Siswa Kelas VII
The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed various aspects of human life, including education. Educational institutions are expected not only to develop students’ academic competencies but also to prepare them to utilize technology effectively, critically, and responsibly in learning activities. Therefore, the integration of digital technology into science education has become increasingly important to support the development of students’ twenty-first-century skills.This study aimed to develop a temperature and heat learning module based on Visual Programming and Machine Learning with a Structured Inquiry learning model and to determine its validity, teachers’ and students’ perceptions, and students’ conceptual understanding after using the developed module. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D model. Data were collected through material and media expert validation sheets, teacher and student perception questionnaires, and conceptual understanding tests. The results showed that the module obtained a validity score of 95.19% from material experts and 92.50% from media experts, both categorized as highly valid. Teacher and student perception scores reached 88.37% and 81.99%, respectively, indicating very good perceptions of the developed module. Students’ conceptual understanding increased from an average pre-test score of 47.07 to 79.48 on the post-test, with an N-Gain score of 0.61 in the medium category. In addition, the achievement of conceptual understanding indicators was categorized as high and very high. These findings indicate that the developed module is highly valid, receives very good responses from teachers and students, and supports the improvement of students’ conceptual understanding of temperature and heat concepts.
The Application of Guided Inquiry with a Deep Learning Approach in Improve Students' Cognitive Abilities on Heat Material
The teaching of physics, specifically the topic of heat, is essentially aimed at facilitating a deep understanding of concepts and enhancing pupils’ higher-order cognitive skills. However, the results of a preliminary field study indicate that the learning process is still hampered by the presentation of abstract concepts, meaning that pupils tend to simply memorise formulas without meaningful understanding. This study aims to analyze students’ cognitive abilities through the application of a guided inquiry learning model with a deep learning approach to the topic of heat. The research method used was a quantitative method with a between-group design, specifically a quasi-experimental research design. The specific research design employed was a pretest-posttest design with a non-equivalent control group. The research instrument used was a cognitive ability test consisting of thirteen items. Data analysis utilized the N-Gain score and the Mann-Whitney U test, which met the prerequisites of normality and homogeneity. The results showed that the N-Gain scores in the experimental class were higher than those in the control class, with values of 0.67 and 0.57, respectively. These results were supported by the Mann-Whitney U test, which yielded an Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.029 under the assumption of unequal variances (0.029 < 0.05). This indicates a significant difference in the improvement of students’ cognitive abilities between the experimental and control classes. Therefore, the guided inquiry learning model with a deep learning approach can serve as an alternative solution for enhancing students’ cognitive abilities.
Keefektifan Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) terhadap Kreativitas Siswa pada Pelajaran SBdP Kelas V SDN 3 Mamben Lauk
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model on students' creativity in Arts, Culture, and Crafts (SBdP) learning for fifth-grade students at SDN 3 Mamben Lauk. Creativity is an important ability that needs to be developed through learning activities that encourage students to express ideas and create meaningful works. The application of innovative learning models is needed to create an active, creative, and student-centered learning process. This research used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using a nonequivalent control group design. The research subjects consisted of two classes, namely the experimental class and the control class, each consisting of 25 students. Data collection techniques were carried out through performance tests, observations, and documentation. The research instruments were validated through expert judgment and declared feasible for use. The data analysis was conducted using normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis tests. The results showed that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous. The hypothesis test results showed a significance value of p < 0.05, indicating that H₀ was rejected and Hₐ was accepted. This means there was a significant difference between the experimental class and the control class. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model is effective in improving students' creativity in SBdP learning for fifth-grade students at SDN 3 Mamben Lauk.
Development Model of Gamal (Gliricidia sepium) Biomass-Based Agroindustry as a Renewable Energy Source within Sustainable Agroforestry Systems
Biomass-based renewable energy development is a strategic solution to address the energy crisis and environmental degradation. The gamal plant (Gliricidia sepium) has high potential as a biomass source due to its rapid growth, adaptability to marginal land, and role in increasing soil fertility in agroforestry systems. This study aims to formulate a model for developing a gamal biomass-based agroindustry as a renewable energy source within a sustainable agroforestry framework. The method used is a literature study with a critical analysis and synthesis approach to various relevant studies. The results of the study indicate that gamal biomass has high energy conversion potential through technologies such as biopellets and biogas that are efficient and applicable. This is evident from the analysis of the review results conducted on 15 articles that have gone through a screening process to be used as scientific literature material in this study. Integration of gamal biomass into agro-industrial systems can create economic added value, improve local energy security, and support environmental sustainability by reducing carbon emissions. The novelty of this study lies in the development of a conceptual model that integrates biomass production, energy conversion technology, and sustainability dimensions in a single agroforestry-based agro-industrial system. These findings provide a strategic contribution to the development of locally resource-based renewable energy and strengthening the rural economy.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Berbasis STEM Menggunakan Miniatur Perahu Jambi Berbantuan Arduino pada Materi Usaha dan Energi
This study aimed to develop a STEM-based Student Worksheet (LKPD) using a miniature Jambi boat assisted by Arduino on the topic of work and energy and to determine its feasibility for use in physics learning. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the 4D development model proposed by Thiagarajan, consisting of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. However, the study was limited to the Develop stage. The product was validated by two material experts, two media experts, and one science teacher, while student responses were obtained through a limited trial involving students of SMP Negeri 11 Muaro Jambi. Data were collected using interview guides, validation sheets, teacher assessment sheets, and student response questionnaires. The data were analyzed descriptively using percentage-based feasibility criteria. The results showed that the average validation score from material experts increased from 93.75% in the first stage to 95.00% in the second stage. The average validation score from media experts increased from 86.65% to 94.15%. The teacher assessment obtained a score of 93.30%, while student responses reached 84.75%. These results indicate that the developed LKPD meets the criteria of being highly feasible for use in learning activities. The integration of STEM components through Arduino-assisted miniature Jambi boats provides contextual and meaningful learning experiences that help students understand work and energy concepts more effectively. Therefore, the developed LKPD is considered valid and suitable as a supporting teaching material in junior high school physics learning.
Manajemen Risiko Laboratorium dalam Meningkatkan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3): Sebuah Studi Literatur
Laboratory risk management is a systematic approach aimed at identifying, analyzing, evaluating, and controlling various potential hazards that arise in laboratory activities. The laboratory environment poses a high level of risk because it involves the use of hazardous chemicals, biological agents, sharp equipment, and electrical installations that have the potential to cause workplace accidents. This study aims to examine the concepts and implementation of laboratory risk management to improve occupational safety and health (OSH). The method used is a literature review analyzing various scientific sources, journals, and relevant laboratory safety guidelines from the past five years. The results of the study indicate that risks in laboratories can be minimized through the implementation of effective risk management, including risk identification, hazard level assessment, and control measures via standard operating procedures (SOPs), the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and workplace safety training. In addition, a safety culture and organizational commitment are critical factors in the successful implementation of risk management. Thus, the implementation of optimal risk management can create a laboratory environment that is safe, efficient, and productive.
Pengaruh Media Playdough terhadap Kemampuan Motorik Halus Anak
Fine motor skills are important skills that need to be developed in early childhood because they are related to the coordination of small muscles, especially finger movements and eye-hand coordination that support children's readiness in learning activities. However, children's fine motor skills are still not optimally developed so that interesting and fun learning media are needed. This study aims to determine the effect of Playdough media on the fine motor skills of early childhood. This study uses a quantitative approach with an experimental research type using a Static Group Comparison design. The population of this study was all group A children at Pembina Sukamulia State Kindergarten. The sample determination used a saturated sampling technique consisting of an experimental group and a comparison group. The research instrument used an observation sheet that had met the validity and reliability tests. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistics and the Independent Sample T Test. The results showed a t value of 24.099 with a significance value of < 0.001. Thus, it can be concluded that Playdough media has an effect on children's fine motor skills.
Analisis Strategi dan Kendala Guru Biologi Alumni Program Pendidikan Guru Penggerak dalam Implementasi Project-Based Learning (PjBL) di SMA Negeri Kota Jambi
This study aims to analyze the strategies and constraints faced by Biology teachers who are alumni of the Leading Teacher Education Program in implementing Project-Based Learning (PjBL) in Biology learning at Senior High Schools in Jambi City. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design. The main informants consisted of two Biology teachers who are alumni of the Leading Teacher Education Program at Senior High Schools 7 and 8 in Jambi City. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, learning observations, and documentation studies, then analyzed thematically using NVivo 12 Pro. The results showed that the PjBL implementation strategy includes project planning, project management and implementation, learning evaluation and reporting, and experience-based strategies of the Leading Teacher Education Program. The constraints found include student characteristics, school infrastructure and regulations, preparation time, implementation time, conceptual understanding, material suitability and changes in learning patterns, and learning evaluation. The implementation of PjBL is carried out in a planned, adaptive, and student-centered manner, but still requires support for student readiness, facilities, time, material selection, and more systematic evaluation. Future studies are recommended to examine the effectiveness of Project-Based Learning in improving students' learning outcomes, critical thinking skills, and STEM competencies in Biology learning.
Integration of Socio-Ecological Systems in Urban Forest Agroecosystem Management for Sustainable Tourism
Urban agroecosystem management faces pressures from urbanization, environmental degradation, and weak integration policies, resulting in a decline in the quality of ecosystem services. Sectoral approaches have not been able to systematically integrate ecological and social dimensions. This study aims to formulate a conceptual model for urban agroecosystem management based on the Socio-Ecological Systems (SES) framework as an integrative approach to sustainability. The method used is a systematic literature review of international publications in the last five years related to ecosystem services, green infrastructure, peri-urban agroecology, and collaborative governance. A total of 100 scientific articles were obtained through the search process, and after going through the screening process, a total of 15 articles were obtained as the main material for the scientific literature process in this study. The analysis shows that vegetation and biodiversity are ecological ecosystems that produce regulatory, provisioning, and cultural ecosystem services. These benefits contribute to improving environmental quality and community well-being. Adaptive governance, community participation, and ecosystem-based integration policies significantly influence the ecosystem system, creating positive feedback mechanisms. The developed conceptual model emphasizes the interconnectedness of biophysical and social components in building resilient and sustainable urban agroecosystems. This study proposes a new conceptual model based on socio-ecological systems that integrates biophysical, social, and tourism dimensions in urban forest agroecosystems by placing tourism experience as the main mediating variable in shaping the desire feedback mechanism.
Multiply Fun: Media Game Digital Berbasis Roblox Studio untuk Pembelajaran Perkalian di Kelas V
The rapid development of digital technology has created a need for innovative learning media that can optimize elementary school students' participation and understanding, particularly in mathematics education. However, the teaching of multiplication properties is still predominantly carried out using conventional methods, which tend to be less engaging and contribute to students' low learning interest. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the feasibility of an interactive digital game-based learning media using Roblox Studio for teaching the properties of multiplication. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, consisting of the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. Data were collected through expert validation questionnaires covering media, content, and language aspects, as well as response questionnaires completed by teachers and students. The findings revealed that the developed learning media achieved a very high level of feasibility and received positive responses from both teachers and students. Therefore, the Roblox Studio-based learning media is considered suitable as an alternative interactive and engaging medium for mathematics learning in elementary schools.
Climate Change Implications for Indonesian Agriculture: A Systematic Literature Review
Climate change is becoming an increasing threat to the food security of Indonesia, as it affects agricultural systems, changes the rainfall, raises sea levels, and intensifies extreme weather events. Conducted in the PRISMA protocol, this Review synthesizes the empirical evidence provided by 32 peer-reviewed articles, screened out of a preliminary set of 320 articles, published in 2020-25 in Google Scholar, Sinta, and ScienceDirect and in DOAJ. It is demonstrated that even a 1-2degC rise in temperature can lead to a 25 percent drop in national output of rice, salt intrusion along the coastlines can lower it by approximately 30 percent. Even though farmers have been engaging in different local adaptation responses such as reworking the planting calendars, they are usually stifled by lack of access to climate information, financial support, and technology. Among the mitigation alternatives, the Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) technique, 4R nutrient management, and peatland rehabilitation can be singled out as one of the most promising solutions to this issue as they allow mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing the agroecosystem resilience at the same time. This review suggests the incorporation of holistic adaptation and mitigation policies in national policies, institutional capacity building, and faster breeding and spreading of stress-resistant Plant varieties that can endure climatic change.
Literasi Statistik pada Pembelajaran Siswa SMP melalui Model Quantum Synesthetic Learning Berbasis Media Digital Terapan dalam Prespektif Kecerdasan Majemuk
Differences in how students interpret statistical information indicate that successful statistical literacy is determined not only by conceptual understanding but also by the characteristics of the intelligences they employ when interacting with data. This issue is particularly relevant in Quantum Synesthetic Learning supported by digital media, where data serve as the central focus of learning activities through multiple forms of representation. This study aimed to describe junior high school students' statistical literacy from the perspectives of logical-mathematical, visual-spatial, and interpersonal intelligences. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed involving 30 seventh-grade students from MTs Putra Putri Simo. Data were collected through a multiple intelligences questionnaire, a statistical literacy test, and semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed that students with logical-mathematical intelligence achieved a very high level of statistical literacy, characterized by systematic numerical reasoning in making decisions. Students with visual-spatial intelligence attained a high level by relying on pattern recognition and graphical representations, whereas students with interpersonal intelligence also demonstrated a high level by examining relationships among pieces of information before drawing conclusions. These findings suggest that different types of intelligence shape distinct pathways of statistical literacy, even when students participate in the same learning environment.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Berbantuan LKPD Interaktif terhadap Hasil Belajar IPAS Siswa Kelas III SDN 15 Cakranegara
The understanding of science material of third grade students of SDN 15 Cakranegara is still low because learning tends to be passive, teacher-centered, and the use of LKPD is limited to printed form. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by interactive LKPD on the science learning outcomes of third grade students of SDN 15 Cakranegara. The study used a quantitative approach with a Quasi Experimental design of the Nonequivalent Control Group Design type. The research sample was all third grade students, with class III A as the experimental group and class III B as the control group. Data were collected through learning outcome tests and observations, then analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality prerequisite test and Levene's homogeneity test, as well as hypothesis testing with the Independent Sample t-test. The results of the study obtained from the hypothesis test are sig. (2-tailed) <0.05, namely 0.000 <0.05 and the tvalue of 6.036> ttabel 2.004, so Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. These findings confirm that the implementation of PBL assisted by interactive worksheets has an impact on students' science learning outcomes. The effect size test yielded a Cohen's d value of 1.59, categorized as a large effect, proving that the influence is strong and practically meaningful.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah PBL dengan Pendekatan Deep Learning terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila Materi Norma Peserta Didik Kelas IV SD Negeri 007 Samarinda Ilir
Critical thinking is one of the essential competencies that students need to compete in the global era. One effective way to develop this competency is by implementing an appropriate learning model integrated with a relevant instructional approach. This study aimed to examine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by the Deep Learning approach on the critical thinking skills of fourth-grade students in learning norms within the Pancasila Education subject at SD Negeri 007 Samarinda Ilir during the 2025/2026 academic year. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design. The research participants consisted of an experimental class that received instruction through the Problem-Based Learning model integrated with the Deep Learning approach and a control class that received conventional instruction. The research instrument was a validated critical thinking skills test. The findings revealed a significant effect of implementing the Problem-Based Learning model with the Deep Learning approach on students' critical thinking skills. This was supported by the hypothesis testing result, which showed a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating that the null hypothesis (H₀) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H₁) was accepted. Furthermore, the experimental class achieved a higher mean score than the control class, demonstrating that problem-based learning supported by the Deep Learning approach creates active and meaningful learning experiences while encouraging students to think more critically in understanding the concept of norms. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Problem-Based Learning model integrated with the Deep Learning approach has a positive effect on students' critical thinking skills in Pancasila Education. This learning model is recommended as an alternative instructional strategy to enhance students' active engagement and promote deeper conceptual understanding.
Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Wordwall terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas IV SDN 26 Cakranegara
Research on the impact of the Problem-Based Learning model supported by Wordwall media on the mathematics learning outcomes of elementary school students remains limited. Low mathematics learning outcomes and suboptimal student engagement during the learning process indicate a need for an innovative learning model supported by engaging media. This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning model supported by Wordwall media on the mathematics learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at SDN 26 Cakranegara. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design—specifically, a non-equivalent control group design. The sample consisted of 55 students: 28 students in class IV-B (experimental group) and 27 students in class IV-A (control group). Data collection techniques included tests and observations. The data underwent prerequisite testing, comprising normality and homogeneity tests. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test for hypothesis testing and an effect size test. The results showed that the average post-test score of the experimental group (83.93) was higher than that of the control group (65.63). Hypothesis testing revealed a Sig. (2-tailed) value of < 0.001, indicating a significant difference in mathematics learning outcomes between the experimental and control groups. The effect size analysis using Cohen's d yielded a value of 1.93, falling into the category of a very high effect. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the Problem-Based Learning model supported by Wordwall media has a significant effect on the mathematics learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at SDN 26 Cakranegara.
Pengembangan Media Permainan Ular Tangga Raksasa Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila Materi Kerja Sama Di Lingkunganku Untuk Siswa Kelas IV SDN 36 Cakranegara
The learning media used in Pancasila Education at SD Negeri 36 Cakranegara is still limited to images available in student textbooks. These images serve only as visual aids and have not been designed to actively engage students in the learning process. In addition, limited facilities, such as LCD projectors, printers, and internet access, have hindered the optimal use of more diverse learning media. This study aimed to develop a giant snakes and ladders game as a learning medium for the topic Cooperation in My Environment in Pancasila Education for fourth-grade elementary school students, as well as to determine its validity and practicality. This research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE development model. Data were collected through interviews, observations, questionnaires, and documentation. The data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative techniques. The result of this study was a giant snakes and ladders game designed as a learning medium for fourth-grade students in Pancasila Education. Validation results showed that the media was categorized as highly valid, with a score of 98% from the media expert and 90% from the material expert. The practicality test based on teacher responses obtained a score of 92% in the small-group trial and 96% in the large-group trial, both categorized as highly practical. Meanwhile, student responses showed practicality scores of 93.1% in the small-group trial and 93.2% in the large-group trial, which were also categorized as highly practical. Therefore, the giant snakes and ladders game is considered valid and practical for use in teaching the topic Cooperation in My Environment in Pancasila Education for fourth-grade elementary school students.
Eksplorasi Strategi Guru PAUD dalam Menghadapi Tuntutan Calistung dari Orang Tua: Studi Kasus di TK Islam Bina Taqwa
This research was motivated by parental demands for early childhood literacy and numeracy learning before entering elementary school. This study aims to determine the strategies of early childhood education teachers in dealing with parental demands for literacy and numeracy and their impact on the development of children's literacy and numeracy skills at Bina Taqwa Islamic Kindergarten. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study research type. The research subjects consisted of class teachers, principals, and parents. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation, analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that teachers implemented various strategies, namely communication and education with parents, integration of literacy and numeracy learning through play activities, the application of the ATIK learning model, routine activities, literacy and numeracy environments, and collaboration between teachers and institutions. These strategies have an impact on the development of children's literacy and numeracy skills as demonstrated by the ability to recognize letters and numbers, simple number sequences, increased vocabulary through storytelling activities, starting to read simple words, and increasing children's interest and motivation to learn. However, several obstacles were still found, such as differences in children's abilities, parental involvement, and the risk of academic stress if the learning provided is not appropriate to the child's developmental stage. Therefore, learning to read, write, and count for early childhood needs to be done in stages, in a fun way, and in accordance with PAUD principles.
Kajian Teknis Umur Pakai Mata Bor Menggunakan Metode Galle and Woods pada Batuan Sedimen
The operational efficiency of coal drilling at Pit Bendili, PT Kaltim Prima Coal, is directly influenced by drill bit life. This study aims to evaluate technical drilling parameters to achieve a target bit lifespan of 10.800 m using the Galle and Woods theoretical method. Evaluated parameters include Weight on Bit (WOB) and Rotational Speed (RPM) from a Sandvik D55SP drill rig (unit D162) operating in soft to very soft formations with Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) values ranging from 14,14 MPa to 17,73 MPa. The Galle and Woods method mathematically models tooth and bearing wear rates to predict optimum bit replacement intervals. Results indicate that mitigating bit balling while achieving the cumulative 10.800 m target requires maintaining the pipe rotation speed constant at its maximum limit of 187 RPM and optimizing WOB within safe Sandvik operational thresholds. This parameter combination maximizes the penetration rate while minimizing premature component failure.
Pengaruh Model Game Based Learning Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Siswa Materi Sistem Pernapasan Manusia Pada Siswa Kelas V
The background of this research is the low level of conceptual understanding among fifth-grade students, which is attributed to the limited use of learning models that facilitate active student engagement in the learning process. This study aimed to examine the effect of the Game Based Learning model on fifth-grade students’ conceptual understanding of the human respiratory system. The research employed a quasi-experimental method using a nonequivalent control group design. The participants consisted of fifth-grade elementary school students, with 30 students in the experimental class and 30 students in the control class. Data were collected through observation and testing. The results indicated that the Game-Based Learning model was effective in improving students’ conceptual understanding of the human respiratory system, as evidenced by the higher mean score of the experimental class compared to that of the control class. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Game Based Learning model is more effective than conventional learning methods and can serve as an alternative approach to enhancing fifth-grade students’ conceptual understanding. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that Game-Based Learning helps students improve their understanding of the human respiratory system through direct interaction and active participation in learning activities.
Inovasi Perangkat Pembelajaran Berbasis TPACK pada Pembelajaran IPAS di MIM 18 Sumberrejo
Science learning requires innovative learning tools that utilize technology to enhance students' critical thinking skills. However, the use of learning tools in schools remains ineffective, resulting in low critical thinking skills. This research aims to develop learning tools based on Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). This study used the Research and Development (R&D) method with the 4-D model (Four-D): define, design, develop, and disseminate. The research design used a control group pretest posttest. The research subjects were 21 students of class IVA as the control class and 24 students of class IVB as the experimental class at MI Muhammadiyah 18 Sumberrejo Bojonegoro. Data analysis techniques used validity, normality, homogeneity, T-test, and N-Gain Score tests. The results of the study indicate that the TPACK-based learning device is valid, practical, and effective. This is evidenced by the T-test results of 0.000 < 0.05 and the N-Gain Score results of the experimental class of 77.98% in the high category, while the control class was 50.47% in the medium category. It is concluded that the TPACK-based learning device can improve students' critical thinking skills in science learning.
Efektivitas Komik Digital dalam Meningkatkan Kesadaran Dampak Bullying Siswa Tingkat Sekolah Dasar
Many incidents that should not occur in schools continue to take place, ranging from teasing classmates, clapping mockingly, calling friends by their parents' names, excluding certain students during group formation, not inviting them to play or go to the canteen together, to social exclusion, provocation, intimidation, bullying, and even refusing to sit at the same table with the victim. Along with technological advancements, comics have evolved from printed books into digital formats. One educational innovation that can be utilized is digital comics as a learning medium. Digital comics combine educational text and images to provide visual simulations that engage students in the learning process. This study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method, which is used to develop a particular product and evaluate its effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to determine whether digital comics could help students better understand complex concepts related to the impact of bullying on self-esteem, as well as to assess the effectiveness of digital comics as a learning medium. This was reflected in students’ positive responses to the use of digital comics in learning activities. The findings also indicated that the use of digital comics improved students’ information retention. Through the visual and narrative experiences presented in the comics, students were able to remember information more easily. This helped them better understand and internalize concepts related to bullying and self-esteem.
Dampak Dukungan Keluarga terhadap Keberhasilan PKBM dalam Menurunkan Angka Putus Sekolah di Kabupaten Enrekang
The high school dropout rate remains a challenge in educational development in Indonesia, including in Enrekang Regency. In this context, Community Learning Centers (PKBM) serve as an alternative education for those unable to complete formal education. This study aims to analyze the impact of family support on the success of PKBM in reducing the dropout rate at PKBM Melati, Enrekang Regency. The study used a qualitative approach with a case study type. Research informants consisted of PKBM managers, tutors, learners, and families of learners who were selected purposively. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed using the interactive analysis model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana. The results showed that family support is a crucial factor in supporting learners' success in participating in the equivalency education program. The forms of support found included emotional support, instrumental support, and social support, with emotional support being the most dominant form. This support contributes to increased learning motivation, participation in learning activities, and the sustainability of learners' education. This study also found that family economic constraints, low parental education levels, and stigma against non-formal education are the main obstacles to optimizing family support. The research findings confirm that the success of PKBM in reducing the risk of dropping out of school is not only determined by the quality of the educational program, but also by the involvement of the family as the closest social environment of the learners.
Pengembangan E-Book Cibubaba (Cinta Budaya Bangkalan Bersama) Berbasis Flipped Classroom Materi Warisan Budaya Mata Pelajaran IPAS Muatan IPS Kelas V UPTD SDN Pamorah
Issues identified at UPTD SDN Pamorah Bangkalan include students' limited understanding of local culture, a scarcity of contextual teaching materials for the IPAS (Natural and Social Sciences) subject, and minimal use of digital technology in instruction. These conditions highlight the need to develop innovative teaching materials that integrate local wisdom with a technology-based learning approach. This study aimed to examine the validity, effectiveness, and attractiveness of the Cibubaba (Cinta Budaya Bangkalan Bersama) E-book, which was developed using a flipped classroom approach for cultural heritage topics in Grade V Social Studies content within the IPAS subject. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method based on the 4D model, consisting of the stages of define, design, develop, and disseminate. The participants included three expert validators, one fifth-grade teacher, and 37 students. Data were gathered through interviews, observations, questionnaires, tests, and documentation. The findings revealed that: (1) the validity assessment of the Cibubaba. E-book resulted in scores of 90% from the teaching material expert, 88% from the instructional design expert, and 93.3% from the subject matter expert, indicating a highly valid category; (2) the effectiveness of the E-book was reflected in teacher activity and student activity scores of 100% and 98%, respectively, while classical learning mastery exceeded the 85% criterion; and (3) the attractiveness aspect achieved scores of 90% based on teacher responses and 90.16% based on student responses, both categorized as highly attractive. Therefore, the flipped classroom-based Cibubaba E-book can be considered valid, effective, and appealing for implementation in elementary school learning activities.
Pengembangan Media Science App Berbantuan Smart Apps Creator untuk Mendukung Atensi Siswa pada Pembelajaran IPAS di Sekolah Dasar
The use of technology in the learning process at elementary schools still faces several issues, such as the suboptimal use of digital media, limited variety of technology-based learning media, and the continued dominance of conventional teaching methods. This study aims to develop and validate the Science App learning media assisted by a smart apps creator in fostering student attention in science learning. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model, which includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages, but is limited to the development stage. Research instruments include validation sheets from material experts, media experts, and language experts. Validation results carried out by two experts showed that the media received an average score of 3.91 (material expert), an average score of 3.79 (media expert), and an average score of 3.72 (language expert). The assessment covers several aspects, namely the suitability of the material, the ease of using the media, and the clarity of the language used. The results show that the developed media has met the criteria of being very valid and feasible to use in the learning process.
Keterampilan Menulis Teks Narasi Siswa Kelas V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurussalam Kembang Sri Tetebatu Sikur Lombok Timur
Narrative text writing skills represent essential language competencies that primary school students must possess. However, observations conducted at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurussalam Kembang Sri revealed that a portion of students still encounter difficulties in developing ideas, structuring story plots, and utilizing capital letters and punctuation in accordance with Indonesian language conventions. This study aims to describe the narrative text writing skills of fifth-grade students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurussalam Kembang Sri and to identify the factors influencing these skills. This study employed a mixed-methods approach with a sequential explanatory design. The research subjects consisted of 16 fifth-grade students and their homeroom teacher. Data were collected through narrative text writing tests, interviews, and documentation. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The results demonstrated that the students' narrative text writing skills fell into the moderate category, with an average score of 55.8. The aspects of idea development (68.75%) and story plot (65.63%) were classified in the good category, whereas other aspects were in the moderate category. The lowest percentages were found in the use of capital letters (45.31%) and punctuation (43.75%). Factors influencing writing skills include internal factors, such as low learning motivation, reading interest, self-confidence, and a tendency to fatigue easily while writing, as well as external factors, including excessive gadget use and a lack of consistent writing habits. Consequently, students' narrative text writing skills still require improvement through enhanced motivation, reading interest, and more intensive writing instruction.
Tradisi Menghafal dalam Islam: Akar Peradaban, Relevansi Kontemporer, dan Solusi Pendidikan bagi Kecanduan Gim serta Degradasi Moral
The rapid expansion of digital technology has contributed to growing concerns about gaming addiction and moral degradation among Muslim youth. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) indicate that gaming disorder affects approximately 3-4% of gamers globally, while a 2023 survey by the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) found that 62% of Indonesian adolescents reported spending more than four hours per day on digital games. This article aims to examine the relevance of the Islamic memorization tradition as a response to these contemporary challenges. Using a qualitative library research approach, the study analyzes the Quran, Hadith, classical Islamic literature, and recent studies in Islamic education, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and digital media. Data were analyzed through content analysis to explore the relationship between memorization practices, cognitive development, and character formation. The findings reveal that memorization in Islam is not merely a cognitive activity but an educational tradition that integrates intellectual, moral, and spiritual development. This study further identifies that the cognitive values embedded in Islamic memorization practices such as the cultivation of attention, self-discipline, and emotional regulation align with executive function capacities documented in neuroscience, and may serve as a counter-framework to the behavioral and moral effects of excessive digital gaming. The study concludes that revitalizing the Islamic memorization tradition can serve as a relevant educational strategy for strengthening character and addressing the cognitive and moral challenges of the digital era.
Prediksi Kecepatan Pengeboran Menggunakan Regresi LASSO pada Lapisan Interburden Batubara
Rotary drilling operations at Pit Bendili, PT Kaltim Prima Coal, require operational parameter optimization to achieve the company’s target Rate of Penetration (ROP) of 110 m/h. Drilling speed is significantly influenced by the interaction between mechanical operational factors and rock characteristics. Pit Bendili has an average Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) of 15.46 MPa, classified as weak rock, yet hardness variations between coal seams cause workload fluctuations. This study aims to model and analyze the combination of pulldown pressure (PP) and rotational pressure (RP) on the velocity of penetration (VP) to meet the ROP target. Operational parameters were modeled using the Python-based Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Regression method. Analysis of 134 blast hole operational datasets yielded a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 7.9%, indicating excellent predictive model accuracy. Through this LASSO model, PP and RP combinations can be precisely adjusted to ensure drilling velocity consistently meets or exceeds the 110 m/h target across various rock layers.
Ketimpangan Akses Pendidikan Islam: Studi Kasus di Tambing Kekeq Aik Berik
This study aims to analyze the inequality in access to Islamic education in Tambing Kekeq Hamlet, Aik Berik Village, Central Lombok Regency, by examining the factors that influence this disparity and its implications for the sustainability of community education. Educational inequality in this context is understood as a structural phenomenon influenced by geographic conditions, economic conditions, educational infrastructure, and policies that are not fully responsive to remote areas. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through participatory observation and in-depth interviews with five respondents consisting of parents, students, community leaders, teachers, and village officials. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification. The results show that the inequality in access to Islamic education in the study area is caused by geographic isolation that hinders student mobility, limited teaching staff and educational facilities, and economic pressures of an agrarian community that often makes education a low priority. These conditions result in low educational participation, high absenteeism rates, and the emergence of a gap in religious literacy between central and peripheral areas. These findings confirm that educational inequality is multidimensional and interconnected, forming a cycle of educational injustice. The implications of this research point to the need for more affirmative and region-based education policies, including strengthening educational infrastructure, equitable distribution of teaching staff, and innovative educational services based on geographic accessibility. This approach is crucial for realizing a more inclusive and equitable distribution of Islamic education in remote areas.
Profil Keterampilan Pemecahan Masalah dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa pada Materi Fluida Statis
Problem-solving skills are among the important competencies that students must have when learning physics in the 21st century. However, among static fluid materials, students are still found to have difficulty analyzing and solving physics problems, which is suspected to be related to students’ level of learning motivation. This study aims to describe the profiles of problem-solving skills and learning motivation among high school students in static fluid materials. The research method used is quantitative descriptive. The research subjects consisted of 46 students in grade XI of MIPA at a high school in Garut Regency. The research instruments included a problem-solving skills description test and a learning motivation questionnaire. The results showed that students' overall problem-solving skills were in the medium category with an average percentage of 55.9%. At the problem-solving stage, the understanding-of-the problem indicator had the highest percentage, at 71.1%. while the evaluation indicator had the lowest percentage at 41.1%. Student learning motivation is in the medium category with an average percentage of 59.32%. The results of this study show the need for learning efforts that are able to improve the ability to evaluate solutions and strengthen students' learning motivation in physics learning.
Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Berbasis Problem Based Learning (PBL) untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik Kelas XI di SMA pada Materi Fluida Statis
Based on the results of field observations, teacher interviews, and questionnaires distributed to students, several problems were identified in the learning process. The findings revealed that learning activities were still predominantly teacher centered, resulting in low student participation during lessons and consequently leading to insufficient development of students' critical thinking skills. In addition, the use of instructional media in the learning process was still limited. Therefore, this study aims to develop an Interactive Multimedia based on the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach for the topic of static fluids that is valid, practical, and effective for use in physics learning, as well as capable of improving students' critical thinking skills. This study employs a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE development model. The research subjects consisted of material experts, media experts, learning experts, and 36 students of class XI F4 at SMA Negeri 1 Berastagi. The instruments used in this study included feasibility questionnaires (for material and media experts), a practicality assessment instrument (for learning experts), pretest and posttest questions, and student response questionnaires regarding the PBL-based Interactive Multimedia on static fluid material. The results showed that the developed PBL-based Interactive Multimedia on static fluid material was categorized as highly valid for use in physics learning, based on the validation results from material experts (93%) and media experts (80%). The multimedia was also categorized as highly practical based on the responses of learning experts (97%) and students (95%). Furthermore, the multimedia was proven effective, as indicated by an N-Gain score of 0.85, which falls into the high category, and an average posttest score of 86, exceeding the Minimum Learning Achievement Criteria (KKTP). Therefore, it can be concluded that the Problem-Based Learning-based Interactive Multimedia on static fluid material is valid, practical, and effective for use in learning and can improve students' critical thinking skills.
Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Suku Sasak pada Mata Pelajaran IPAS Materi Bab 6 Indonesiaku Kaya Budaya Kelas IV SDN Bejelo
This study was motivated by the use of general teaching materials that have not integrated Sasak local wisdom into IPAS learning, despite the Merdeka Curriculum's emphasis on contextual learning.This study aims to determine the development process, feasibility, and practicality of a learning module based on Sasak local wisdom in the IPAS subject, Chapter 6 “My Indonesia is Rich in Culture,” Topic A: The Uniqueness of Community Customs around Me for Grade IV students at SDN Bejelo. This research is Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model, which consists of five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The subjects were fourth-grade students at SDN Bejelo. Data were collected through questionnaires and documentation. Research instruments included validation sheets from media and material experts, as well as response questionnaires from teachers and students. The results indicate that the module is feasible and practical. Material expert validation obtained a score of 56 (93%) categorized as “Highly Feasible,” while media expert validation obtained 40 (80%) categorized as “Feasible.” The module was also considered practical based on user responses. The small group trial reached 87% and the large group trial reached 95%, both categorized as “Highly Practical.” The teacher response obtained 86%, also categorized as “Highly Practical.” Based on these results, the Sasak local wisdom-based learning module is feasible and practical for Grade IV IPAS learning in elementary school.
Pengembangan LKPD Fisika Berbasis Android dengan Pendekatan Saintifik pada Materi Usaha dan Energi
Physics learning on Work and Energy still faces challenges in the form of students' poor understanding of abstract concepts and the suboptimal use of digital technology as a learning medium. Therefore, the development of Android-based worksheets with a scientific approach is necessary to support more interactive and meaningful learning. This study aims to develop an Android-based physics student worksheet (LKPD) with a scientific approach to the topic of Work and Energy and to test its validity, practicality, and effectiveness. This study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model, encompassing the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The subjects were 11th-grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Lae Parira, selected using cluster random sampling. The research instruments included validation sheets from material experts and media experts, questionnaires from educators and students, and learning outcome tests. Data were analyzed descriptively using quantitative percentages and the N-Gain test. The results showed that the developed Android-based physics LKPD achieved a very high level of validity, with validation percentages from media experts of 94.5% and from material experts of 93.5%. The practicality level based on educator responses reached 93%, while student responses in the small-group and large-group tests were 90.51% and 89.25%, respectively, categorized as very practical. The effectiveness test results showed an increase in student learning outcomes with an average pretest score of 58.82 and a posttest score of 88.16, along with an N-Gain score of 0.70, which is categorized as moderate. Thus, the Android-based physics worksheet with a scientific approach to the Work and Energy material is declared valid, practical, and effective for use in physics learning.
Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan E-Modul Flipbook terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Materi Getaran Harmonik
This study aimed to determine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by a flipbook e-module on students' learning outcomes in harmonic oscillation. The study employed a quasi-experimental method using a non-equivalent control group design. The population consisted of all eleventh-grade students at SMAN 1 Praya Barat. Purposive sampling was used to select class XI A1 as the experimental group, which received the Problem-Based Learning model assisted by a flipbook e-module, and class XI A2 as the control group, which received conventional instruction. Data were collected using a cognitive learning achievement test, an affective observation sheet, and a psychomotor assessment sheet, all of which had been validated and tested for reliability. Data were analyzed using an independent samples t-test at a 5% significance level after fulfilling the assumptions of normality and homogeneity. The results showed that the mean cognitive pretest scores of the experimental and control groups were 62.31 and 61.73, respectively, while the mean posttest scores were 75.58 and 69.04. The experimental group also achieved higher mean scores in the affective domain (70.77 vs. 67.62) and psychomotor domain (80.46 vs. 69.42) than the control group. Hypothesis testing revealed significance values of 0.007 for the cognitive domain, 0.044 for the affective domain, and 0.000 for the psychomotor domain. These findings indicate that the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning model assisted by a flipbook e-module has a significant positive effect on improving students' learning outcomes in harmonic oscillation.
Pengembangan Modul Digital Flipbook Berbasis CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning) pada Materi Ekosistem Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Gowa
This study aimed to develop a Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL)-based digital flipbook module on ecosystem material for tenth-grade students of SMA Negeri 2 Gowa that is valid, practical, and effective for classroom learning. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, consisting of five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The analysis stage involved identifying teachers’ and students’ needs as well as analyzing the Merdeka Curriculum implemented in the school. The developed product was a CTL-based digital flipbook module accessible through mobile devices and equipped with illustrations, learning videos, practice exercises, interactive quizzes, and group projects that connected learning materials with students’ real-life experiences. The validity of the product was evaluated by material and media experts, while practicality and effectiveness were assessed through field testing involving tenth-grade students of SMA Negeri 2 Gowa. Data were collected using validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and learning achievement tests. The data were analyzed descriptively using percentages and assessment criteria. The results indicated that the developed CTL-based digital flipbook module met the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness, making it suitable for use as instructional material in ecosystem learning. Furthermore, the digital flipbook module enhanced student engagement, supported independent learning, and facilitated a more contextual and meaningful understanding of ecosystem concepts.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Fisika Interaktif Berbasis Etnosains untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik
This study aimed to develop an ethnoscience-based interactive physics learning media on sound waves that is valid and practical to support students' critical thinking skills. The development of the learning media was motivated by the fact that physics instruction remains predominantly conventional and has not yet integrated local culture as a contextual learning resource. The developed media integrates the concept of sound waves with the local culture of Lombok, particularly the Gendang Beleq tradition, using Articulate Storyline 3. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach based on the 4D model, consisting of the define, design, and develop stages. The resulting product was an ethnoscience-based interactive physics learning media accompanied by supporting instructional materials. Product validation was conducted by three expert validators and two practitioner validators. The practicality test involved 17 students of class XI MIPA B and two physics teachers at SMAN 10 Mataram. The research instruments included validation sheets, reliability sheets, and response questionnaires for both students and teachers. The results showed that the learning media achieved a validity score of 91.11% from expert validators and 98.33% from practitioner validators, both categorized as highly valid. The critical thinking skills instrument obtained validity scores of 91.67% from expert validators and 95.00% from practitioner validators, both categorized as highly valid, with a reliability score of 95.71%, indicating a reliable instrument. The practicality test results showed student and teacher response scores of 93.16% and 98.13%, respectively, both categorized as highly practical. Therefore, the developed learning media is considered feasible for use in physics learning.
Pengembangan E-Book Interaktif pada Materi Eksplorasi Profesi Ragam Bentang Alam Wilayah Bangkalan untuk Siswa Kelas IV SDN Pejagan 5
This study aims to develop an Interactive E-Book on the Material of Profession Exploration of Natural Landscapes of the Bangkalan Region for Grade IV Students of SDN Pejagan 5. Preliminary research revealed that fourth-grade students struggled to understand the connection between the natural landscapes of the Bangkalan region and the occupations of its residents, due to the lack of contextual and interactive teaching materials based on local wisdom. This situation prompted the development of an interactive e-book as a solution capable of providing a more concrete and engaging learning experience that aligns with established learning outcomes. This study uses the 4D model (Define, Design, Development, Dissemination) developed by Thiagarajan (1974), with 35 grade IV students of SDN Pejagan 5 as research subjects. The results indicate that the Interactive E-Book has been declared valid, practical, and effective. Validity was assessed by material experts (90%), learning design experts (91.6%), and teaching material experts (95%), all categorized as very valid. Practicality in limited trials reached 83.33% for teacher activity and 93.99% for student activity, while implementation trials achieved 96.65% and 96.55% respectively, both very practical. Effectiveness was demonstrated through student response questionnaires of 86% (limited trial) and 91.33% (implementation trial), with learning outcome tests reaching 100% completion in both trials.
Development of Interactive Physics E-Modules Based on Guided Inquiry on the Material of the Nature of Physics and Occupational Safety for High School Students
The advancement of digital technology in education demands the availability of teaching materials that facilitate independent, interactive, and student-centered learning. In line with the implementation of the Independent Curriculum, the use of digital learning media is an alternative to increase student engagement in the physics learning process, which has traditionally been considered abstract and difficult to understand. This study aims to develop an interactive physics e-module based on guided inquiry on the Nature of Physics and Occupational Safety and to determine its level of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The study used the Research and Development (R&D) method with a 4D model that includes the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The study was conducted at SMA Negeri 8 Jambi City with 35 students of grade X Phase E as subjects. The research instruments were validation sheets from material experts and media experts, questionnaires on teacher and student practicality, and questionnaires on student effectiveness. Data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively using percentages. The results showed that the e-module obtained a very good level of validity with a percentage of validation from material experts of 81.95% and media experts of 89.00%. The practicality level obtained a percentage of 94.7% based on teacher assessments and 87.3% based on student assessments. The effectiveness level reached 89.3%. These results indicate that the interactive physics e-module based on guided inquiry developed meets the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness, making it suitable for use as a learning medium to support the implementation of the Independent Curriculum
Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep IPS Peserta Didik Kelas Iv di SDN Kenari 07 Melalui Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning
This research was motivated by the low understanding of social studies (IPS) concepts among grade IV-A students at SDN Kenari 07, who tended to be passive and less actively involved in the learning process. To overcome this problem, the Discovery Learning model was implemented. This study aimed to improve the understanding of social studies concepts of grade IV-A students at SDN Kenari 07 through the implementation of the Discovery Learning model on cultural diversity materials. This type of research was Classroom Action Research (CAR) using the Kemmis & McTaggart model conducted in two cycles. The research subjects consisted of 32 grade IV-A students at SDN Kenari 07. Data were collected through tests, observations, and documentation, then analyzed qualitatively using the Miles and Huberman model and quantitatively using descriptive analysis. The results showed an increase in each cycle. Teacher activity increased from 79.90% in Cycle I to 89.71% in Cycle II. Similarly, student activity increased from 74.51% in Cycle I to 88.73% in Cycle II. This improvement had a positive impact on the classical completeness of students' conceptual understanding, which rose from 59.38% in Cycle I to 84.38% in Cycle II. In conclusion, the implementation of the Discovery Learning model successfully improved the understanding of social studies concepts of grade IV-A students at SDN Kenari 07 on cultural diversity materials.
Trade-Off Spasial antara Ekspansi Pertanian Jagung dan Kualitas Lingkungan: Integrasi Analisis Deforestasi menggunakan Citra Sentinel-2A dan Indeks Kualitas Lingkungan Hidup di Kabupaten Dompu, Indonesia
The expansion of corn cultivation in Dompu Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, has the potential to generate significant economic growth but simultaneously places ecological pressure on protected forest areas. This study examines the spatial trade-off between agricultural expansion, particularly corn, and environmental quality in Dompu Regency by integrating Sentinel-2A image-based deforestation analysis (2019–2026) with Environmental Quality Index (IKLH) data from 2021–2025. Analysis results show that the area of dryland agriculture increased drastically from 7,602.02 ha to 92,115.24 ha, while primary forest cover decreased by 6,335.12 ha and shrub/scrub cover decreased by 49,131.65 ha. Deforestation reached 73,729.50 ha, and forest degradation covered 14,926.75 ha. On the other hand, corn production in Dompu Regency increased significantly from 302,117 tons (2020) to 629,011 tons (2022), although it experienced fluctuations in subsequent years. The IKLH analysis shows fluctuating values with an improving trend by 2025 (76.48), yet the components of the Water Quality Index (IKA) and Land Cover Quality Index (IKL) remain in the poor category. The identification of spatial trade-off zones—Critical Transition Zones in the sub-districts of Pekat, Kempo, and Woja; Ecologically Vulnerable Zones in the northern part; and Production Stabilization Zones in the southern part—provides a scientific basis for recalibrating spatial planning policies that integrate ecological boundaries into agricultural land-use planning.
Efektivitas Konseling Person-Centered untuk Meningkatkan Self-Esteem Remaja yang Mengalami Penghinaan Verbal Orang Tua
Parental verbal insults can negatively affect adolescents' psychological development, particularly self-esteem. Repeated exposure to negative labeling, degrading comparisons, and other demeaning verbal expressions may lead adolescents to develop a negative self-concept and low self-confidence. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Person-Centered Therapy in improving the self-esteem of adolescents who experience parental verbal insults. This study employed a Pretest-Posttest Case Series design. The population consisted of 10 adolescents aged 15–20 years living in Dusun Buasan, Pana Village, Alla District, Enrekang Regency. Based on screening using the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), two participants with low self-esteem and repeated experiences of parental verbal insults were selected. The intervention was conducted through six individual counseling sessions. Data were collected using the RSES, observations, and interviews and analyzed descriptively. The findings showed that both participants experienced increased self-esteem after the intervention. The first participant's score increased from 12 to 22 (83.3%), while the second participant's score increased from 14 to 21 (50%). Positive behavioral changes were also observed, including increased self-confidence, self-acceptance, and social interaction. These findings indicate that Person-Centered Therapy can help adolescents develop a more positive self-concept following experiences of parental verbal insults.
Pengembangan Aplikasi “Change-Lab” dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kognitif Siswa Kelas IV pada Materi Perubahan Benda dan Sifatnya
Students' cognitive understanding of Science and Social Studies (IPAS), particularly on the topic of changes in matter and its properties, remains relatively low, while the availability of learning media in elementary schools is still limited. This study aimed to develop an interactive learning medium in the form of an application to improve the cognitive understanding of fourth-grade elementary school students. The study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D model, which consists of the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. Data were collected through interviews, validation questionnaires, student response questionnaires, and learning achievement tests. The results showed that the Change-Lab application obtained a material expert validation score of 95.89% and a media expert validation score of 94.35%, both categorized as highly valid. The study involved 33 students at SDN Nagreg 02. Student responses to the Change-Lab application reached 93.2%, indicating a very positive category, while the N-Gain score of 77.46% demonstrated a significant improvement in students' cognitive understanding. Therefore, the Change-Lab application is effective in improving students' cognitive understanding and is highly suitable for use in fourth-grade IPAS learning.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Visual Auditori Kinestetik (VAK) melalui Strategi Pembelajaran Aktif Berbantuan Diorama terhadap Pemahaman Konsep IPAS Siswa Kelas IV SDN 01 Gedung Ketapang Lampung Utara
Understanding science concepts is defined as the skills students need to understand, connect, and apply concepts in everyday life. However, based on the results of a pre-study conducted on fourth-grade students at SDN 01 Gedung Ketapang, it is still relatively low. Therefore, a learning model that can engage students actively and improve their conceptual understanding is needed. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Visual Auditory Kinesthetic (VAK) learning model through an active learning strategy assisted by dioramas has an effect on the conceptual understanding of fourth-grade students at SDN 01 Gedung Ketapang, North Lampung. The research method used in this study was quantitative and a quasi-experimental research design. Class IVA was used in this study as the experimental class, receiving the VAK model with dioramas as the medium, and the control class, receiving the SAVI model, which was used for class IVB. Pretest and posttest results were collected as research data, and analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, normality tests, homogeneity tests, and independent sample t-tests using SPSS. The average result of the posttest score of the experimental class was 83.5, while the experimental class obtained an average score of 56.5, lower than the experimental class. In the hypothesis testing, the Sig value was 0.000 (<0.05), so it can be said that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted, which means that the Visual Auditory Kinesthetic (VAK) learning model through active learning strategies assisted by dioramas has a significant influence on and is effective in improving students' understanding of science concepts.
Pengembangan EcoHYPTOR (Economical Hydraulic Pascal Demonstrator) sebagai Alat Peraga Pembelajaran Fisika Materi Fluida
The abstract conceptual nature of static fluid material, especially Pascal;s Law, often becomes a learning obstacle for senior high school (SMA) students. This condition is exacerbated by limited laboratory facilities and the minimal use of concrete media in schools. This study aims to produce an innovative hydraulic demonstration tool called EcoHYPTOR (Economical Hydraulic Pascal Demonstrator) that meets the criteria of being valid, practical, and feasible as a high school physics learning medium. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE development model, which is limited to the small-scale implementation stage (limited trials). Data collection was carried out through interview guidelines, media expert validation sheets, and user response questionnaires. The result of the media expert assessment showed that the validity level of EcoHYPTOR reached an average of 89% (Very Valid), with a perfect achievement of 100% in the aspect of clarity, safety and efficiency. Furthermore, limited user trials resulted in a response percentage of 92% (Very Good). It can be concluded that the EcoHYPTOR teaching aid is highly feasible, safe, and practical to use as an alternative learning medium to concretely visualize the principles of Pascal’s Law, especially in schools with limited laboratory facilities.
Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Visual Canva terhadap Hasil Belajar Fisika Peserta Didik
This study was motivated by the low physics learning outcomes of students at SMA Negeri 2 Narmada, particularly in the topic of Rotational Dynamics and Rigid Body Equilibrium. Abstract concepts and lecture-dominated teaching methods have caused students to be less active and perceive the material as difficult to understand. This study aims to determine the effect of the problem based learning model assisted by canva visual media on students' physics learning outcomes in the cognitive domain. Data from the affective and psychomotor domains were collected as supporting data to describe students' attitudes and skills during the learning process. This research employed a quasi-experimental method with a Non-equivalent Control Group Design. The sample consisted of 48 eleventh-grade students selected through purposive sampling and divided into an experimental class and a control class. Data were collected using a cognitive test consisting of 20 multiple-choice questions with reasons, and observation sheets for the affective and psychomotor domains. Cognitive data were analyzed using an Independent Samples T-Test and N-Gain test, while affective and psychomotor data were analyzed using descriptive percentages. The results showed a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect of the problem based learning model assisted by Canva on cognitive learning outcomes. Prior to treatment, the experimental and control classes had similar initial abilities with mean pretest score of 43.75 and 45.00, respectively. After treatment, the mean posttest score of the experimental class increased significantly to 81.88, while the control class only reached 56.46. The improvement in cognitive learning outcomes was further demonstrated by the N-Gain test, which showed an average N-Gain score of 0.6897 for the experimental class, categorized as medium, while the control class only achieved 0.2142, categorized as low. Supporting data indicated that the experimental class achieved an average affective score of 82.73% in the very good category and an average psychomotor score of 86.81% in the very skilled category. The implementation of the Problem Based Learning model assisted by canva visual media proved to be effective and significant in improving physics learning.
Hubungan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis dan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa pada Materi Fluida Statis
Critical thinking and problem-solving skills are two core competencies required in 21st-century physics learning, yet student learning outcomes in abstract topics such as static fluids remain relatively low. It is not yet known empirically to what extent critical thinking skills contribute to students' problem-solving abilities, so the relationship between the two needs further investigation. This study aims to analyze the correlation between critical thinking skills and problem-solving abilities of 11th-grade students on the topic of static fluids. A quantitative correlational approach was employed, involving 32 students in Bandung selected through purposive sampling. The instrument used was a two-tier test to measure both variables simultaneously while revealing the reasoning behind students' answers. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation due to non-normal data distribution. The results showed a positive and significant but weak correlation (ρ = 0.335; p = 0.049), with critical thinking contributing only 11.2% to problem-solving ability. The remaining 88.8% was influenced by other factors such as conceptual mastery and mathematical ability. This finding indicates that critical thinking alone is insufficient to predict success in physics problem-solving. The implication is that instruction needs to be designed in an integrated manner, and further research is recommended to expand the sample and include additional predictor variables.
Efektivitas Model PBL Terintegrasi POE dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa pada Materi Energi Terbarukan
Problem-solving skills are among the essential competencies students need to face the challenges of the 21st century. However, problem-solving skills in physics are still relatively low, indicating the need for instructional models that can effectively facilitate their development. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model integrated with Predict, Observe, Explain (POE) in improving problem-solving skills on renewable energy topics. A quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design was employed. The population consisted of all tenth-grade students at a public senior high school in Bandung. The sample was selected using convenience sampling, involving 32 students in the experimental class and 30 students in the control class. Problem-solving skills were measured using an essay test. Data were analyzed using N-Gain, an Independent Samples t-test, and effect size. The results showed the experimental class achieved a higher N-Gain score (0.50, moderate category) than the control class (0.31, moderate category). The Independent Samples t-test yielded a significance value of less than 0.001. The effect size analysis produced a Cohen's d value of 1.264 (large category). These findings indicate the PBL model integrated with POE effectively improves problem-solving skills on renewable energy topics.
Rumah Lanting sebagai Media Pembelajaran Inquiry Materi Fluida Statis untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Sains Siswa SMA
Science literacy has emerged as a fundamental competency in navigating the complexities of modern life, yet Indonesian students consistently underperform in this domain. Data from the 2022 PISA assessment placed Indonesia 67th among 81 nations with a science literacy score 0f 383, reflecting a persistent gap between educational expectations and actual outcomes. A contributing factor is the disconnect between formal science instruction and the lived experiences of students. This study investigated the extent to which science literacy among senior high school students could be enhanced through inquiry-based learning implemented with a floating house as a locally-rooted instructional medium on the topic of static fluids. A one-group Pretest-Posttest design was applied to 35 students of class XI-B MAN Kota Palangka Raya. Fourteen validated essay items were used for data collection (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.794). the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test yielded Z = -5.160 (p < 0.05), confirming a statistically significant difference between pre and post intervention scores. The mean N-Gain of 0.4786 indicated moderate improvement. These results suggest that embedding local cultural artifacts into an inquiry framework supports the development of contextually grounded and meaningful science literacy.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Media Virtual Lab dalam Pembelajaran Kimia pada Materi Larutan Elektrolit dan Nonelektrolit SMA Negeri 1 Wewewa Barat T.P 2025/2026
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of using Virtual Lab media in chemistry learning on the topic of electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solutions at SMA Negeri 1 Wewewa Barat in the 2025/2026 academic year. The study was motivated by students' low learning outcomes on this topic and the need for instructional media capable of enhancing conceptual understanding through interactive virtual laboratory activities. A quasi-experimental method with a Pretest–Posttest Control Group Design was employed. The research sample consisted of two groups, namely an experimental group and a control group, each comprising 20 students. The experimental group was taught using Virtual Lab media, while the control group received conventional instruction. The research instrument was a learning achievement test administered as both a pretest and a posttest. The data were analyzed using normality, homogeneity, and independent samples t-tests at a 5% significance level. The results showed that both groups had the same mean pretest score (43.75), indicating equivalent initial abilities. After the treatment, the mean posttest score of the experimental group increased to 82.75, while the control group achieved a mean score of 69.25. The improvement in learning outcomes was 39.00 points in the experimental group, exceeding the 25.50-point improvement observed in the control group. The normality test indicated that the experimental group's pretest and posttest data were normally distributed, whereas the control group's data showed slight deviations from normality. Nevertheless, the analysis was continued because both groups had equal sample sizes and homogeneous variances, with a significance value of 0.272. The hypothesis test yielded a calculated t-value of 9.69, which was greater than the critical t-value of 1.686 at the 0.05 significance level (df = 40), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis and acceptance of the alternative hypothesis. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of Virtual Lab media is effective in improving students' learning outcomes on the topic of electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solutions. Compared with conventional instruction, Virtual Lab had a significant positive effect and can serve as an innovative and effective alternative medium for chemistry learning.
CRAB Pulse Optimization for Transmon CNOT Gate with Leakage and Decoherence
High-fidelity two-qubit gates are essential for scalable quantum computation in superconducting transmon circuits. However, weak anharmonicity can induce leakage outside the computational subspace, while relaxation and dephasing reduce gate fidelity. This study presents a numerical simulation of a CNOT gate in a coupled two-transmon system. Each transmon is modeled as a three-level system, where |0⟩ and |1⟩ form the computational subspace, while |2⟩ is included to evaluate leakage. The control pulses are optimized using a two-channel chopped random basis (CRAB) method. The pulse u_1 (t) is applied to the control transmon as the main drive, while u_2 (t) is applied to the target transmon as a correction drive. The system is simulated under closed- and open-system conditions. In the open system, energy relaxation and pure dephasing are included through the Lindblad master equation. CRAB optimization improves the CNOT basis fidelity from 0.65 to 0.96 in the closed system and from 0.65 to 0.95 in the open system. The final leakage remains small, around 10^(-3). These results indicate that the correction drive can improve CNOT gate performance while keeping leakage low.
Analisis Kesulitan Guru dalam Penerapan Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5) di SD Negeri 2 Gerimak Indah
The Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) is one of the programs in the Merdeka Curriculum aimed at shaping students’ character in accordance with the values of Pancasila through project-based learning. However, in its implementation, teachers still face various challenges, particularly in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of P5 activities. This study aims to analyze the difficulties teachers face in implementing the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) at Gerimak Indah Public Elementary School No. 2 and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors that influence its implementation. This study employs a qualitative approach using a descriptive research design. The research subjects include the principal, teachers, and students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, structured interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research findings indicate that teachers face difficulties in developing project modules aligned with the P5 themes, managing the time allocation for implementation, conducting character-based assessments, and comprehensively understanding the concepts and stages of P5. Factors supporting the implementation of P5 include support from the school principal, collaboration among teachers, and the availability of supportive school facilities and environment. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include budget constraints, a lack of training, and a shortage of references and external partners. It is concluded that enhancing teacher competence through ongoing training and adequate resource support is essential to optimize the implementation of P5 in elementary schools.
Implementasi Model Project Based Learning (PjBL) Terintegrasi Games Collaborative Relay Learning (CRL) terhadap Hasil Belajar Murid Kelas VIII SMPN 26 Makassar
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar murid Kelas VIII SMPN 26 Makassar pada materi Bioteknologi melalui implementasi model Project Based Learning (PjBL) yang terintegrasi dengan games Collaborative Relay Learning (CRL). Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus. Subjek penelitian adalah 25 murid Kelas VIII (12 perempuan dan 13 laki-laki). Data dikumpulkan melalui tes pilihan ganda pada setiap siklus serta pretest dan posttest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan: rata-rata pretest sebesar 41,6 meningkat menjadi 91,6 pada posttest, dengan N-Gain sebesar 0,87 (kategori tinggi). Peningkatan hasil belajar per indikator kognitif meliputi C1 (44% → 100%), C2 (68,67% → 99,33%), C3 (32% → 90,67%), dan C4 (8,67% → 82,67%). Seluruh murid berpartisipasi aktif dalam setiap tahapan pembelajaran. Integrasi PjBL dan CRL terbukti efektif meningkatkan keterlibatan, kolaborasi, dan hasil belajar murid pada materi Bioteknologi.
Analisis Peran Guru dalam Mewujudkan Sekolah Ramah Anak di Kecamatan Kediri
This study analyzes the role of teachers in establishing Child-Friendly Schools (SRA) in Kediri Subdistrict, identifies the supporting and inhibiting factors faced, and describes their efforts to overcome these obstacles. This qualitative descriptive study was conducted at SDN 1 Montong Are, SDN 1 Jagaraga Indah, and SDN 3 Banyumulek, West Lombok Regency, with 3 principals, 6 teachers, and 9 students as informants. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, while validity was tested through source and methodological triangulation. The results show that teachers act as facilitators, mentors, and motivators. As facilitators, they apply active and varied methods; as mentors, they provide individual guidance, instill positive discipline, and handle misconduct without violence; and as motivators, they give recognition and opportunities to build students’ self-confidence. Supporting factors include a conducive school environment, teachers’ understanding of SRA, and synergy among school, family, and community, whereas inhibiting factors include the family environment and low parental involvement. Teachers address these obstacles by strengthening communication with parents, adjusting their approaches, and fostering cooperation. The study underlines stronger school–family–community collaboration and enhanced teacher competence for optimal, sustainable SRA implementation.
Pemanfaatan Metode Merged-IMSRA dalam Peningkatan Estimasi Curah Hujan Berbasis Satelit saat Kejadian Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) di Bali
Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) is one of the primary causes of extreme rainfall events in tropical regions, as occurred in Bali on 8–10 September 2025, which resulted in a significant hydrometeorological disaster. This study aims to evaluate the capability of the Merged Indian National Satellite System Multi-Spectral Rainfall Algorithm (M-IMSRA) in estimating the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall during the MCS event. M-IMSRA was developed through several sequential stages: IMSRA (IMR), polynomial bias correction (IMC), event-based orographic correction using GSMaP MVK ratios, cloud growth correction, and assimilation of 31 BMKG AWS/ARG observation points using the Cressman scheme. Validation was conducted using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and bias. The results show that M-IMSRA accurately mapped the spatial evolution of the MCS, with extreme rainfall accumulation (210–300 mm) concentrated in the central-eastern mountainous region of Bali during the peak phase, consistent with orographic lifting mechanisms. Statistical validation indicated moderate to very high correlation across all event phases (r = 0.663–0.941), accompanied by low RMSE and MAE values and a small, consistent bias (−0.08 to −0.36mm). It is concluded that M-IMSRA is an accurate rainfall estimation method with strong potential for operational implementation in hydrometeorological disaster monitoring and early warning systems in Indonesian archipelagic regions with limited surface observation networks.
Analisis Strategi Penguatan Kelembagaan Masyarakat Dalam Program Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan (RHL) di Desa Sumberejo, Kabupaten Wonogiri, Wilayah Kerja BPDAS Solo
The success of the Forest and Land Rehabilitation (RHL) Program is influenced by the level of community participation and institutional capacity at each stage of implementation. This study aims to analyze the level of community institutional participation, identify internal and external factors affecting these institutions, and formulate strategies to strengthen community institutions within the RHL Program in Sumberejo Village, Wonogiri Regency (under the jurisdiction of BPDAS Solo). A descriptive approach employing both quantitative and qualitative methods was used. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and document review involving 40 members of the Forest Farmer Group selected via random sampling, while key informants were chosen through purposive sampling. Data analysis utilized a Likert scale, IFAS-EFAS matrices, and SWOT analysis. The results indicate that community institutional participation falls into the "high" category during the implementation (79.37%) and output utilization (81.37%) stages, whereas the planning (63.12%) and evaluation (54.75%) stages fall into the "moderate" category. Identification results reveal that member engagement, group cooperation, and group leadership are key strengths, while limited knowledge regarding rehabilitation and group management remains a weakness. Externally, government support, facilitation, and the availability of rehabilitation land represent major opportunities, despite challenges posed by unpredictable weather and pest infestations. These conditions place the community institutions in Quadrant I; consequently, an SO (Strengths-Opportunities) strategy is prioritized to bolster participation, group cooperation, and the utilization of government support, thereby ensuring the sustainability of the RHL Program.
Peran Kamis Literasi dalam Penguatan Literasi dan Kemampuan Komunikasi Siswa SMPN 1 Masbagik
Indonesia's low reading interest, with only one in 1,000 people having a reading habit, has a direct impact on students' communication skills, since literacy and communication are inherently interconnected competencies that mutually reinforce one another. This study aims to describe the role of the Literacy Thursday program in strengthening literacy and communication skills of students at SMPN 1 Masbagik. The program has been running for years, held every Thursday morning on the school field with all school members participating. Students retell the content of books they have read at home on their own. Data collection was conducted in class 7.9 from March 12 to May 14, 2026, using a descriptive qualitative approach supported by quantitative data. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and speaking assessments using a rubric. Results show the average communication score increased from 58.9 to 78.4, with students meeting the passing standard rising from 25% to 84.4%. Students's willingness to speak in front of others also grew from 8 students (25%) to 27 students (84.4%). The program proved effective in building a reading culture and developing oral communication skills.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Literasi Digital dan Hasil Belajar IPAS melalui Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Interaktif pada Siswa Kelas V SDN 39 Cakranegara
This classroom action research aimed to improve the digital literacy and learning outcomes in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) of fifth-grade students at SDN 39 Cakranegara through the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by interactive media. The study was conducted during the second semester of the 2025/2026 academic year using the Kemmis and McTaggart Classroom Action Research model, which consisted of two cycles. Each cycle comprised four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The participants were 28 fifth-grade students, consisting of 14 boys and 14 girls. Data were collected through observations of teacher and student activities, learning achievement tests, and documentation. The findings indicated that the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning model assisted by interactive media significantly improved students' learning activities and learning outcomes. Classical learning mastery increased from 64.29% in Cycle I to 89.29% in Cycle II, exceeding the minimum success criterion of 85%. The mean student score also improved from 72.14 in Cycle I to 84.68 in Cycle II, surpassing the minimum criterion of 80. Student activity increased from 76% (good category) in Cycle I to 91% (very good category) in Cycle II. Furthermore, students demonstrated improved abilities to access, manage, and utilize digital information during the learning process, indicating enhanced digital literacy. These improvements occurred because the PBL model provided opportunities for students to engage actively in solving authentic problems, while the interactive media made learning more engaging and contextual. Therefore, the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning model assisted by interactive media was effective in improving digital literacy and learning outcomes in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) among fifth-grade students at SDN 39 Cakranegara. This model can serve as an innovative instructional alternative for enhancing the quality of learning in elementary schools.
Konservasi Hutan Adat melalui Pendekatan Budaya: Perspektif Masyarakat Wetu Telu Bayan, Lombok Utara
Customary forests in Bayan, North Lombok, are managed by the Wetu Telu com-munity through a value system that blends religious belief, cosmology, and local wisdom, making forest sustainability inseparable from the cultural dimension of the community that safeguards it. This study aims to map and synthesize prior scholarly findings on the conservation of Bayan's customary forest from a cultural perspective, focusing on the values underlying conservation practices, the custom-ary rules applied, the roles of various socio-cultural actors, and the challenges that emerge amid modernization. The study was conducted through a Systematic Liter-ature Review (SLR) approach, in which relevant prior publications on Wetu Telu customary forest conservation were searched, screened, and analyzed to identify recurring patterns and connecting threads across studies. The findings show that the syncretism between Islamic values and local tradition shapes a view of the for-est as sacred space, which is then institutionalized through the awig-awig custom-ary rules as a mechanism of social control over forest resource use. The effectiveness of forest conservation is further shaped by the roles of customary leaders, religious figures, families, and collaboration with village governments, although its continui-ty faces pressure from shifting values among younger generations and inconsisten-cies between customary law and national law. This culture-based conservation is shown to generate multidimensional benefits, contributing to ecological sustaina-bility, economic value, and social cohesion within the community. These findings affirm that the preservation of Bayan's customary forest should be understood as an ongoing socio-cultural process, suggesting that future environmental governance policies should position indigenous communities as primary partners rather than mere objects of regulation.
Model Pengembangan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan Berbasis Toponimi di Danau Perintis Kabupaten Bone Bolango
Toponymy reflects the historical, cultural, and geographical identity of a place and can serve as an important foundation for sustainable tourism development. However, the potential of toponymy has not been widely integrated into tourism planning, particularly in local tourist destinations with strong historical values such as Perintis Lake. This study aims to formulate a toponymy-based sustainable tourism development model at Perintis Lake, Bone Bolango Regency. The study was conducted through an analysis of the toponymy of Perintis Lake based on physical and social geographic aspects and its potential to support sustainable tourism development. The study used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the name of Perintis Lake is related to the historical event of the arrival of Hasanuddin Division troops using KM Perintis in 1957 in order to maintain the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The toponymy contains historical value, local identity, and collective memory of the community that is still maintained to this day. From a physical geographic aspect, Perintis Lake has a water landscape that supports tourism activities and the ecological function of the area. From a social geographic aspect, this area becomes a space for community activities and has cultural and historical values that have the potential to be developed as a tourism narrative. Based on the analysis results, the toponymy-based sustainable tourism development model at Perintis Lake consists of strengthening destination identity, tourism interpretation based on local history, environmental preservation, community empowerment, and culture-based promotion. This model supports sustainable tourism development through the integration of environmental, socio-cultural, and economic aspects while strengthening the local identity of the Perintis Lake tourist destination.
Pelaksanaan Gema Haji dalam Menanamkan Karakter Dimensi Profil Lulusan pada Murid Kelas IV di SD Negeri 1 Kembang Sari
Character development through religious habituation activities is one of the efforts implemented by schools to support the strengthening of the Graduate Profile Dimensions among students. One form of such habituation is the Gema Hajj program, or the massive movement of congregational dhuha prayer and Qur’an recitation, which is conducted regularly at school. However, studies regarding its implementation and the forms of character development based on the Graduate Profile Dimensions remain limited. This study aims to examine the implementation process of the Gema Hajj program and the forms of character development based on the Graduate Profile Dimensions among fourth-grade students at SD Negeri 1 Kembang Sari. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach that emphasizes the interpretation of phenomena in a natural and holistic manner. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving an Islamic Religious Education teacher, a fourth-grade homeroom teacher, and fourth-grade students selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman model, consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that the Gema Hajj program is implemented daily in the school prayer room, consisting of congregational dhuha prayer, dhikr, collective supplication, and the reading and memorization of selected short chapters of the Qur’an, while on fridays additional activities include the recitation of Surah Yasin, religious lectures, and short speeches. Character development based on the Graduate Profile Dimensions was analyzed through students’ behaviors during the implementation of the program. The results indicate that the dimensions of faith and piety toward God Almighty, independence, communication, and health were evident, whereas citizenship, critical reasoning, and collaboration were less evident, and creativity was not observed. These findings suggest that the Gema Hajj program contributes to character development based on the Graduate Profile Dimensions. However, further strengthening of several dimensions is still required to achieve more balanced and comprehensive character development.
Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Two Stay Two Stray untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menyimak Kelas V di SDN 1 Mantup
Listening skills are one of the essential language skills that elementary school students need to master because they support the success of the learning process. Based on the preliminary observation conducted in Grade V of SDN 1 Mantup, students’ listening skills were still relatively low, indicating the need for improvement through the implementation of an instructional model that actively engages students in learning activities. This study aimed to improve the listening skills of Grade V students at SDN 1 Mantup through the implementation of the Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) cooperative learning model. This research employed Classroom Action Research (CAR), which was conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The participants of this study were 30 Grade V students of SDN 1 Mantup. Data were collected through observation, tests, and documentation. The findings revealed that the implementation of the Two Stay Two Stray cooperative learning model successfully improved students’ listening skills. Learning mastery increased from 53% in Cycle I to 93% in Cycle II. Teacher activity improved from 53% to 93%, while student activity increased from 61.25% to 91.25%. The improvement occurred because the Two Stay Two Stray model provided students with opportunities to discuss, exchange information, listen to the results of other groups’ discussions, and convey the information obtained to their original groups. Therefore, the Two Stay Two Stray cooperative learning model is considered effective in improving the listening skills of Grade V students at SDN 1 Mantup.
Analisis Kegiatan Pembiasaan Dalam Menumbuhkan Karakter Disiplin dan Tanggung Jawab Siswa SD Negeri 6 Selong Melalui Kegiatan Imtaq dan Pentas Seni
Character education has become an important aspect of elementary education, as schools are expected to develop not only students' academic achievement but also positive character values. Habituation activities are considered one of the effective strategies to instill discipline and responsibility through continuous practice in students' daily school life. This study aims to analyze the implementation of habituation activities through the IMTAQ (Faith and Piety) program and Arts Performance in fostering discipline and responsibility among students at SD Negeri 6 Selong. A descriptive qualitative research method was employed, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects included the principal, teachers, and students of SD Negeri 6 Selong. The results indicate that: (1) IMTAQ activities held every Friday morning, including Qur'an recitation, communal prayer, short religious talks, and Duha prayer, consistently build time discipline and religious responsibility; (2) Arts Performance activities, carried out through scheduled rehearsals and periodic performances, cultivate discipline, commitment, and a sense of responsibility toward individual roles and group tasks; and (3) supporting factors include teacher commitment, principal support, and student enthusiasm, while inhibiting factors include inconsistent parental support and limited time allocation. This study concludes that habituation activities through the IMTAQ and Arts Performance programs are effective in sustainably fostering discipline and responsibility among elementary school students.
Analysis of Instrument Quality for Measuring High School Students’ Conceptual Understanding of Global Warming
Conceptual understanding of global warming is essential for enabling students to explain environmental phenomena scientifically and apply physics concepts to real-world issues; therefore, a valid and reliable assessment instrument is needed. This study aimed to analyze the quality of a test instrument measuring high school students' conceptual understanding of global warming using the Rasch Model. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed involving 43 eleventh-grade students from a public high school in Bandung selected through purposive sampling. The instrument consisted of 20 multiple-choice items based on the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy at the C2 level. Data were analyzed using MINISTEP. The results showed that the instrument satisfied the unidimensionality assumption, with 50.9% raw variance explained by measures and 6.7% unexplained variance in the first contrast. Item fit analysis identified 9 highly suitable items, 7 suitable items, 1 less suitable item, and 3 unsuitable items. Reliability analysis yielded person reliability of 0.63, item reliability of 0.93, and Cronbach's alpha of 0.71. Therefore, the instrument is generally suitable for measuring students' conceptual understanding of global warming, although several items require revision
Analisis Validitas Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Curipod dan Perangkat Pembelajaran pada Materi Termodinamika di SMA Negeri 1 Suwawa
Learning physics on the topic of thermodynamic processes requires media and learning tools that match the characteristics of the material in order to support the learning process. Therefore, Curipod-based media and learning tools that are developed need to be validated to ensure their feasibility before being implemented in learning. This study aimed to determine the validity of interactive learning media based on the Curipod platform and learning devices on thermodynamic processes material. Curipod was developed as an alternative interactive learning medium to support physics learning. The selection of this material was based on the abstract nature of physics concepts, which require dynamic visualization to facilitate understanding. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the comprehensive ADDIE model, with the research limited to the Development stage. Data were collected through validation sheets assessed directly by experts from the Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. The validation process covered four main aspects: content appropriateness, technical presentation, language suitability, and instrument readability. The results showed that the Curipod-based media obtained an average score of 3.77, while the module, teaching materials, student worksheets, learning achievement test, learning implementation observation sheet, student activity observation sheet, and student response questionnaire obtained average scores of 3.80, 3.91, 3.86, 3.85, 3.93, 4.00, and 4.00, respectively. These findings indicate that the developed media and learning devices are categorized as highly valid and can be used in physics learning on thermodynamic processes.
Analisis Kualitas Instrumen Pemahaman Konsep pada Materi Energi Terbarukan Menggunakan Model Rasch
This study aimed to analyze the quality of a conceptual understanding test instrument on renewable energy using the Rasch measurement model. The instrument consisted of 19 multiple-choice items developed based on the conceptual understanding dimensions proposed by Anderson and Krathwohl (2001) and was administered to 75 tenth-grade senior high school students. Data were analyzed using MINISTEP version 5.10.3.0, including content validity (Aiken’s V coefficient), construct validity (unidimensionality, outfit MNSQ, ZSTD, and Point Measure Correlation), reliability, item difficulty, Differential Item Functioning (DIF), and the Wright Map. The results showed that 14 of the 19 items were content valid (V ≥ 0.80). The raw variance explained by measures was 36.5%, indicating that the instrument satisfied the unidimensionality assumption. The analysis also revealed a person reliability of 0.71 (acceptable), an item reliability of 0.94 (very good), and a Cronbach’s alpha (KR-20) of 0.77 (very good). Three items (S7, S10, and S19) exhibited significant Differential Item Functioning (DIF) based on gender. The Wright Map indicated that the mean student ability was 1.14 logits, while item difficulty ranged from −2.15 to 3.33 logits. Overall, the instrument was considered suitable for measuring students’ conceptual understanding of renewable energy after revisions were made to the problematic items.
Pengembangan dan Validasi Instrumen Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMA pada Materi Dinamika Rotasi: Pendekatan Rasch Model
Critical thinking is a core competency required in 21st-century education, but a valid and reliable instrument for assessing this skill within the topic of rotational dynamics remains limited. This study aims to develop and validate a critical thinking skills assessment instrument for senior high school students on the topic of rotational dynamics, employing the Rasch model for comprehensive validation. Instrument development followed the ADDIE model, involving 34 students during the implementation and evaluation phases. The instrument comprises 27 items constructed based on Facione's critical thinking aspects. Content validity analysis yielded a mean Aiken's V of 0.93, exceeding the critical threshold of 0.80. Unidimensionality testing revealed a raw variance explained by measures of 28.9% (>20%), with unexplained variance in contrasts 1–5 of the PCA residuals ranging from 5.8% to 9.9% (<15%), indicating that the instrument consistently measures a single construct. Twenty-six of the 27 items demonstrated fit to the Rasch model. Reliability analysis yielded an item reliability of 0.81 (good), a person reliability of 0.68 (fair), and a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.72 (good). Wright Map and Item Characteristic Curve (ICC) analyses further confirmed the alignment between item difficulty levels and student ability levels. The developed instrument is demonstrated to be valid and reliable for measuring critical thinking skills among senior high school students in the context of rotational dynamics.
Pengembangan E-LKPD Berbasis Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Liveworksheet pada Materi Hak dan Kewajiban Kelas IV SDN Pejagan 5
This study was motivated by the limited availability of digital teaching materials supporting Pancasila Education learning, particularly on the topic of rights and obligations. In addition, students still experience difficulties in understanding and applying the concepts of rights and obligations in their daily lives. This study aims to develop a Problem-Based Learning (PBL)-based E-LKPD assisted by Liveworksheets that is valid, effective, and attractive for use in Pancasila Education learning for fourth-grade students at SDN Pejagan 5 Bangkalan. This research employed Research and Development (R&D) using the 4D model, which consists of the Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. The research subjects included material experts, instructional design experts, teaching material experts, and fourth-grade students at SDN Pejagan 5. Data were collected through interviews, observations, questionnaires, and tests. The data were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative techniques to determine the validity, effectiveness, and attractiveness of the product. The results showed that the developed PBL-based E-LKPD met the “very valid” criteria, with validation percentages of 87.50% from the teaching material expert, 82.50% from the instructional design expert, and 85.00% from the content expert. The product was also declared highly effective, indicated by a 100% classical learning completeness rate and an N-Gain score of 0.80 in the high category. In addition, the product was categorized as “very attractive” based on teacher response (100%) and student responses (93%). Therefore, the Problem-Based Learning (PBL)-based E-LKPD assisted by Liveworksheets on the topic of rights and obligations for fourth-grade students at SDN Pejagan 5 Bangkalan is considered valid, effective, and attractive, and is feasible to be used as a learning material in Pancasila Education.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Diorama pada Mata Pelajaran IPAS Materi Metamorfosis Kelas III SDN 1 Lembahsari Tahun Ajaran 2025/2026
This study aimed to develop a diorama learning media for the Science and Social Studies (IPAS) subject on the topic of metamorphosis for third-grade students at SDN 1 Lembahsari and to determine its feasibility and practicality. The study was motivated by the limited use of instructional media capable of visualizing the metamorphosis process concretely, making it difficult for students to understand the concept. The developed product was a metamorphosis diorama equipped with a wooden storage box and a user guide. This research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the Sugiyono (2013) development model. The research stages included identifying potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product testing, product revision, and final product development. The research subjects consisted of the third-grade teacher and students of SDN 1 Lembahsari. Data were collected through validation questionnaires completed by media experts and material experts, as well as response questionnaires from teachers and students. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative analysis. The results indicated that the developed diorama learning media achieved a feasibility score of 93.75% from the media expert and 88.8% from the material expert, both categorized as very feasible. The practicality test showed a teacher response score of 94.6% and a student response score of 96.93%, both categorized as very practical. Therefore, the developed diorama learning media on metamorphosis is considered feasible and practical for use in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) learning for third-grade elementary school students.
Penerapan Modul Ajar Berbasis Pendekatan Deep Learning untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPAS Kelas 5
This study was motivated by the low student achievement in the 5th-grade IPAS subject at SDN 2 Sandubaya. The purpose of this study was to improve student achievement through the implementation of a teaching module based on the deep learning approach. This study was a Classroom Action Research (CAR) project conducted in three cycles, with each cycle consisting of four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were 25 fifth-grade students. Data were collected through achievement tests, observations, and documentation. The results showed that student achievement improved in each cycle. In Cycle I, the achievement rate reached 64%, increased to 72% in Cycle II, and rose further to 88% in Cycle III, exceeding the established success indicators. Thus, it can be concluded that the implementation of a deep learning-based instructional module is effective in improving the IPAS learning outcomes of fifth-grade students. This effectiveness stems from the fact that the deep learning approach fosters students’ understanding in a mindful, meaningful, and joyful learning.
Pengaruh Model Quick on the Draw Berbasis Media Troley Belanja terhadap Kemampuan Numerasi Matematika Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Elementary school students' mathematical numeracy skills remain a significant concern, as indicated by difficulties in understanding numerical information, developing problem-solving strategies, and applying mathematical concepts in everyday life. Teacher-centered learning has limited students' active participation, highlighting the need for a more engaging and contextual learning model. This study aimed to determine the effect and effectiveness of the Quick on the Draw learning model based on shopping trolley media on the mathematical numeracy skills of fifth-grade elementary school students. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design. The sample consisted of 59 students, including 28 students in the control class and 31 students in the experimental class, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and pretest and posttest assessments, and were analyzed using normality and homogeneity tests, an independent samples t-test, and N-Gain analysis. The results showed a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating a significant difference in numeracy skills between the two groups. The mean score of the experimental class increased from 45.1 to 88.1, with an N-Gain score of 80.23%, which was categorized as effective. In contrast, the control class obtained an N-Gain score of 18.86%, which was categorized as ineffective. Therefore, the Quick on the Draw learning model based on shopping trolley media was proven to have a significant and effective impact on improving the mathematical numeracy skills of fifth-grade elementary school students.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Pancasila pada Materi Keberagaman Sosial dan Budaya melalui Media Pembelajaran Ular Tangga
Low student participation during the learning process and the limited use of interactive learning media have resulted in learning outcomes in Pancasila Education, particularly on the topic of social and cultural diversity, not meeting the Minimum Learning Achievement Criteria (KKTP). This study aimed to improve students' learning outcomes in Pancasila Education on the topic of social and cultural diversity through the use of a Snakes and Ladders learning media for fourth-grade students of SD Negeri 002 Samarinda Kota. The study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The research subjects were 32 fourth-grade students. Data were collected through observation, tests, and documentation, while quantitative data analysis was carried out by calculating the percentage of students achieving mastery learning. The findings revealed a consistent improvement in students' learning outcomes across the cycles. In the pre-cycle, the average learning outcome score was 65, with a mastery learning percentage of 31.25%. After implementing the Snakes and Ladders learning media in Cycle I, the average score increased to 73.75, with a mastery percentage of 65.62%. Further improvement was observed in Cycle II, where the average score reached 82.28 and the mastery percentage increased to 81.25%. These findings indicate that the success criterion of the study was achieved, as at least 75% of the students obtained a score of 75 or higher, in accordance with the school's KKTP. Therefore, the Snakes and Ladders learning media is effective in improving students' learning outcomes in Pancasila Education on the topic of social and cultural diversity at the elementary school level.
The Effect of Using Padlet in Think-Pair-Share Strategy on EFL Senior High School Students’ Reading Comprehension and Critical Thinking Skills
This study was conducted to investigate the impact of integrating Padlet into the Think-Pair-Share strategy on EFL senior high school students’ reading comprehension and critical thinking skills. A pre-experimental design employing a one-group pretest-posttest approach was used in this study. The participants consisted of 36 tenth-grade students selected from one intact class at a senior high school in Bali. Data were collected through a pretest and a posttest and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics. The findings revealed that the mean posttest score (82.19) was higher than the mean pretest score (62.47). Furthermore, the paired-samples t-test indicated a statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores (Sig. (2-tailed) = .000 < .05). These findings suggest that the implementation of Padlet-integrated Think-Pair-Share was associated with improvements in students’ reading comprehension and critical thinking skills. However, because the study employed a one-group pretest-posttest design without a control group, the findings should be interpreted with caution, and the observed improvements cannot be attributed solely to the treatment. Future studies employing more rigorous experimental designs with control groups are recommended to provide stronger evidence regarding the effectiveness of this instructional approach.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Board Game Monopoli terhadap Peningkatan Pemahaman Materi Norma pada Siswa Kelas V SDN 1 Cengal
Norms are one of the essential topics in Pancasila Education, as they help students develop responsible attitudes and appropriate behavior in their daily lives. However, conventional teaching methods often make it difficult for students to understand and apply the concept of norms effectively. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of using Monopoly board game media on fifth-grade students' understanding of norms at Cengal 1 Public Elementary School. This study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with an unequal control group design. The population consisted of 59 fifth-grade students, comprising 33 students in the experimental class and 26 students in the control class. Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 27, including normality, homogeneity, independent samples t-test, and N-Gain analyses. The results showed that the experimental class achieved a higher average post-test score (82.30) than the control class (69.85). Furthermore, the independent samples t-test yielded a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating that the use of Monopoly board game media had a significant effect on improving students' understanding of norms. The N-Gain analysis revealed that the experimental class obtained an average N-Gain score of 71.20%, which was categorized as moderately effective, whereas the control class achieved an average score of 51.82%, categorized as less effective. Therefore, the Monopoly board game media was proven to be effective in enhancing students' understanding of norms and can serve as a creative and engaging learning medium for Pancasila Education in elementary schools.
Penerapan Strategi See Think Wonder untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Materi Buku Fiksi dan Nonfiksi Kelas VII SMPN 1 Masbagik
This study aims to improve students’ critical thinking skills through the application of the See, Think, Wonder strategy in Indonesian language learning on fiction and nonfiction books. The research was conducted based on initial observations indicating that students’ critical thinking skills were relatively low, particularly in observing information, analyzing reading content, expressing logical opinions, and drawing conclusions. This Classroom Action Research employed a qualitative descriptive approach supported by quantitative data and was conducted in two cycles involving planning, action, observation, and reflection. The participants were Grade VII students of SMPN 1 Masbagik in the 2025/2026 academic year. Data were collected through observation, tests, and documentation. The findings revealed that the See, Think, Wonder strategy improved students’ critical thinking skills, as reflected in their enhanced ability to observe, question, analyze information, express logical opinions, and draw conclusions based on evidence. Students’ learning outcomes on fiction and nonfiction book materials also improved across the two cycles. The study concludes that the See, Think, Wonder strategy is effective in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills and learning outcomes in Indonesian language learning.
Implementasi Kegiatan Pentas Seni dalam Mengembangkan Minat dan Bakat Murid di SD Negeri 6 Selong
This study aims to describe the implementation of performing arts activities and introduce them to develop talents and foster student interest at Selong 6 Public Elementary School. The study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive approach. Subjects included the principal, teachers, and students, selected purposively. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model, which includes data condensation, data presentation, and conclusions. The results indicate that performing arts activities are held routinely every Wednesday, featuring student representatives from each class. This activity provides students with the opportunity to showcase their talents and interests. In addition to developing talent and fostering interest, performing arts also enhances self-confidence, creativity, communication skills, and cooperation among students. Challenges faced include a lack of self-confidece among some students and limited supporting facilities. The school’s efforts include providing motivation, mentoring, ongoing practice, and optimizing the use of available facilities. Thus, performing arts activities are an effective school program in supporting the optimal development of student potential.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Media Kartu Kata Bergambar berbasis Budaya Lokal terhadap Keterampilan Membaca Permulaan Murid Kelas II SDN Gugus 5 Kecamatan Praya
Early reading skills are one of the most important skills for students in elementary school. However, in reality, many students are still unable to master this early reading skill. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using picture word cards based on local culture on the early reading skills of second-grade students of Elementary School Gugus 5, Praya District. This study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design of the Nonequivalent Control Group Design type. The research subjects consisted of all second-grade students of Elementary School Bunsalak and Elementary School Jago, totaling 78 people. The data collection technique used an early reading skills performance test. Data were analyzed using prerequisite tests, hypothesis tests, and N-Gain tests. Hypothesis testing was carried out using an independent sample t-test which showed a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.001 <0.05, which means there is a significant difference between the experimental class and the control class. Then, seen from the results of the N-Gain test of 0.57, it is in the moderate category. Based on this, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which shows that the use of local culture-based picture word cards is effective in improving the early reading skills of second-grade students at SDN Gugus 5, Praya District.
Pengembangan LKPD IPAS Berbasis Problem Based Learning Materi Perubahan Iklim di Kelas IV UPTD SDN Demangan 1 Bangkalan
Science and Social Studies (IPAS) learning on the topic of climate change requires instructional materials that actively engage students in solving contextual problems. This study aimed to determine the validity, effectiveness, and attractiveness of an IPAS Student Worksheet (LKPD) based on the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on climate change material for fourth-grade elementary school students. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D development model, which consists of the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The research subjects were fourth-grade students of UPTD SDN Demangan 1 Bangkalan in the 2025/2026 academic year. The research instruments included expert validation sheets, teacher and student activity observation sheets, learning achievement tests, and teacher and student response questionnaires. The results indicated that the developed LKPD met the criteria of being valid, effective, and highly attractive. The validity scores were 77% from instructional material experts, 77% from subject matter experts, and 94% from instructional design experts. The effectiveness was demonstrated by teacher activity scores of 84.5% in the limited trial and 88.5% in the implementation trial, student activity scores of 81.5% and 81%, and classical learning mastery of 100% and 89%, respectively. The attractiveness of the product was reflected in teacher response scores of 100% and student response scores of 92% in the limited trial and 93% in the implementation trial. Therefore, the PBL-based IPAS Student Worksheet is feasible for use in elementary school IPAS learning.
Environmental and Technological Dimensions of Sustainable Rice Farming Practices in Jonggat Subdistrict, Central Lombok Regency
This study aims to analyze the environmental and technological dimensions of sustainable rice farming practices among rice farming communities in Jonggat Subdistrict, Central Lombok Regency. The research focuses on the integration of cultivation technologies, post-harvest processing, environmental sustainability practices, and the strengthening of farmer institutions to support sustainable agriculture. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed through field observations, in-depth interviews with 20 farmers, and secondary data analysis. Strategic analysis was conducted using the SWOT approach. The results indicate that the adoption of technologies such as the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), organic fertilizers, and the jajar legowo planting system can increase rice productivity by approximately 5–10%. Furthermore, these environmentally friendly agricultural practices contribute to improved soil quality, reduced dependence on chemical fertilizers, enhanced water-use efficiency, and lower greenhouse gas emissions, thereby supporting sustainable environmental management. Nevertheless, technology adoption remains constrained by limited capital, low technological literacy, and continued dependence on subsidized chemical fertilizers. Therefore, strategic efforts such as agricultural digitization, strengthening farmer institutions, continuous extension services, and the development of healthy food certification systems are recommended to improve environmental sustainability and increase the economic value of agricultural products.
Pengembangan Media Flashcard Bermuatan Kuliner Sasak pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Materi Menulis Teks Deskriptif Siswa Kelas IV SDN 1 Aikmel
This research was motivated by the low descriptive text writing skills among fourth-grade students at SDN 1 Aikmel due to monotonous learning methods and a lack of visual media. Initial observations showed that students struggled to select appropriate vocabulary, arrange coherent sentences, and develop ideas into complete descriptive texts, while teachers relied mainly on lecture-based instruction and student worksheets (LKS). This study aimed to describe the prototype, validity, practicality, and effectiveness of flashcard media embedded with Sasak culinary themes. Using the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation), this study involved fourth-grade students at SDN 1 Aikmel as subjects. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, tests (pretest-posttest), and documentation, and then analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods. The results showed that the developed flashcard media was highly valid, scoring 92% from instrument experts and 83% from media experts. The media was also deemed practical, achieving response rates of 85.45% from students and 80% from teachers. Furthermore, the media proved effective in improving students' writing skills, as indicated by an increase in test scores from a pretest range of 40–72 to a posttest range of 76–96, with an N-gain score of 0.5–0.8 (moderate to high category). It can be concluded that the flashcard media embedded with Sasak culinary themes is valid, practical, and effective in enhancing descriptive text writing skills while supporting the preservation of local wisdom through contextual learning.
Strategi Pengembangan Agrowisata Berkelanjutan di Kawasan Waduk Batujai, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah
Batujai Dam Reservoir is a vital water resource infrastructure in Central Lombok Regency with significant potential as a sustainable agrotourism destination; however, its development remains suboptimal. This study aims to identify internal and external factors and formulate sustainable agrotourism development strategies in the Batujai Reservoir Area to support environmental conservation, local economic development, and sustainable regional management. A qualitative-descriptive approach with SWOT analysis was employed through in-depth interviews, field observations, and questionnaires directed at local communities and stakeholders. Results indicate that key strengths include the scenic reservoir landscape, local agricultural activities, and strategic positioning as a gateway to the Mandalika Special Economic Zone. Main weaknesses encompass limited tourism infrastructure and low human resource capacity in tourism management. Opportunities include growing trends in educational nature-based tourism and supportive government policies, while the primary threats are environmental degradation and competition from other tourist destinations. The SWOT matrix yielded four strategic groups: SO (integrated agrotourism package development based on local potential), WO (tourism infrastructure development and human resource capacity building), ST (carrying-capacity-based environmental management), and WT (regulatory and institutional strengthening). The priority strategy is integrated agrotourism development emphasizing education, conservation, and local community empowerment. The proposed strategy also promotes sustainable utilization of natural resources, protection of reservoir ecosystem functions, and enhancement of environmental awareness among local communities and visitors. These findings provide empirical contributions to sustainable tourism destination planning in reservoir-based areas across Indonesia.
Ekonomi Sirkular dalam Pengelolaan Persampahan Berkelanjutan: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis tentang Tata Kelola Lingkungan dan Partisipasi Masyarakat
Background: The increasing global waste volume reaching 2.01 billion tons per year demands a paradigm transformation in waste management from a linear model toward a circular economy approach. Purpose: This study aims to analyze global trends in the application of circular economy in waste management, identify the roles of environmental governance and community participation, and formulate an evidence-based implementation model for West Lombok Regency. Method: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted on 47 selected articles from Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and DOAJ databases (2016-2025) using the PRISMA protocol. Thematic analysis and narrative synthesis were employed. Findings: Three main themes were identified: (1) circular economy research trends show significant growth since 2019, focusing on waste valorization and zero waste strategies; (2) the effectiveness of environmental governance and community participation proved to increase waste management success by up to 68%; (3) a sustainable waste management model for West Lombok requires the integration of local policies, institutional capacity, and active community engagement. Conclusion: Circular economy offers a robust conceptual framework for waste management transformation, yet its success heavily depends on policy support and community participation. Implication: The findings provide strategic recommendations for the West Lombok local government in formulating inclusive and sustainable waste management policies based on circular economy principles.
Developing Augmented Reality Based Worksheets (LKPD) to Improve Learning Outcomes of Culinary Industry Kitchen Equipment Materials
This research was conducted to evaluate the development process, feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of implementing an Augmented Reality (AR) based Student Worksheet (LKPD) focused on Culinary Industry Kitchen Equipment for 10th grade culinary students at SMK Widya Praja Ungaran. The study was initiated due to the limited visual representation of expensive laboratory equipment and a reliance on conventional, static worksheets that do not fully align with modern industry standards. Utilizing a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), data were gathered via expert evaluation sheets, student feedback questionnaires, and learning achievement assessments measured through pre-tests and post-tests from 69 participants divided into experimental and control classes. The findings revealed that the development successfully combined printed worksheet with an Android-compatible AR app created via Unity and Vuforia SDK. Content and media experts rated the learning media as highly feasible, scoring 94.58% and 90.00% respectively. Moreover, a student questionnaire score of 88.89% confirmed its high practicality. The effectiveness analysis through an Independent Samples T-Test showed a significance value of 0.000 (Sig. < 0.05), proving a substantial gap in performance between both groups. The experimental group achieved a high average Normalized Gain (N-Gain) score of 0.72, surpassing the control group's score of 0.23. In conclusion, the AR integrated LKPD is validated as a viable, practical, and effective educational medium for advancing students' cognitive performance in industrial kitchen equipment topic.
Analisis Tantangan Pembentukan Karakter Siswa Sekolah Dasar melalui Media Sosial
The rapid growth of TikTok has created challenges in shaping the character of elementary school students in the digital era. This study investigates teachers' challenges, character-building strategies, and the character values most affected by TikTok use at SDIT Muhammadiyah Cepiring Kendal. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed involving sixth-grade teachers, TikTok user students, and parents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model, while data validity was ensured through source and method triangulation. The findings indicate that TikTok influences students' character development, particularly discipline, religiosity, and social care. Discipline was the most affected value, reflected in poor time management and delayed schoolwork. Religious character declined through reduced consistency in worship, while social care weakened as students showed less interaction and concern for others. Teachers addressed these challenges through character habituation, supervision of social media use, guidance, and collaboration with parents. Despite these challenges, TikTok can also promote creativity and digital literacy when used responsibly.
Pengaruh Model Project Based Learning Terintegrasi Musik Tong-Tong terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas V SDIT Ulil Albab Kamal Bangkalan
The challenges of 21st-century education require students to possess strong critical thinking skills; however, science learning in schools is often still theoretical and detached from the students' local cultural context. This study aimed to analyze the influence of the Tong-tong music-integrated Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model on the critical thinking skills of fifth-grade students regarding sound wave material. The research method employed was a quasi-experimental approach with a non-equivalent control group design. Data were collected using validated critical thinking skill test instruments. The results of hypothesis testing using the Independent Sample T-Test showed a significance value of 0.011 (< 0.05), indicating that there was a significant effect of the implementation of the Project Based Learning model integrated with tong-tong music on students’ critical thinking skills. The integration of tong-tong music as a form of local culture in learning helped create a more contextual learning experience and actively engaged students in the learning process.
Analisis Metode Proyek Kegiatan 3M (Mewarnai, Menggunting, dan Menempel) dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Halus Anak Usia di TK IT Qur’an
Fine motor skills are an essential aspect of early childhood development, as they are closely related to hand-eye coordination, writing readiness, and the ability to perform daily activities. However, in kindergarten learning practices, some children still experience difficulties in controlling finger and hand movements. Therefore, creative and engaging learning methods are needed, one of which is the project-based 3M activity method (coloring, cutting, and pasting). This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the 3M project activity method in improving the fine motor skills of early childhood learners at TK IT Qur'an Kisaran. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach. The research participants consisted of 15 children in Group B of TK IT Qur'an Kisaran, including 7 boys and 8 girls. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation, and were analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings revealed that the implementation of the 3M project activity method gradually improved children's fine motor skills. The children became more proficient in holding writing tools, using scissors correctly, and arranging picture patterns through pasting activities. In addition, they demonstrated greater participation, motivation, and enthusiasm during the learning process. It can therefore be concluded that the 3M project activity method is effective in enhancing the fine motor skills of early childhood learners at TK IT Qur'an Kisaran.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan melalui Media Kartu Kata Bergambar pada Anak Kelompok B di RA Al-Hadda
One of the efforts to develop children's potential and abilities is for teachers to possess the skills to provide appropriate stimulation across all developmental domains. One instructional medium that can be used to improve early reading skills is picture word cards. This study aimed to improve the early reading skills of Group B children at RA Al Hadda, Tanjung Morawa District, through the use of picture word cards. The research employed a collaborative Classroom Action Research (CAR) design, conducted jointly by the researcher and the Group B classroom teacher at RA Al Hadda, Tanjung Morawa. Data were collected through observation and documentation. The results indicated that the use of picture word cards effectively improved the early reading skills of Group B children. This improvement was demonstrated by the increase in children's reading achievement across the research cycles. During the pre-action stage, the average achievement score was 42.59%. It increased by 25.75% to 68.34% in Cycle I, and further improved by 27.23% from Cycle I to Cycle II, reaching a final score of 95.57% in Cycle II. These findings demonstrate that picture word cards are an effective instructional medium for enhancing the early reading skills of Group B children at RA Al Hadda, Tanjung Morawa.
Pengembangan LKPD Berbasis Discovery Learning pada Materi Perubahan Wujud Zat Kelas IV UPTD di SDN Pejagan 1
Science learning on the topic of changes in the states of matter in elementary schools requires teaching materials that actively engage students in constructing knowledge through direct observation, experimentation, and concept discovery. However, the student worksheets commonly used in classrooms mainly consist of practice questions and have not optimally facilitated students' active participation in the learning process. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a Discovery Learning-Based Student Worksheet (LKPD) for Grade IV students at UPTD SDN Pejagan 1. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the 4D model, consisting of the Define, Design, Development, and Disseminate stages. The validity of the developed LKPD was evaluated by teaching material, material, and instructional design experts, while its practicality and effectiveness were assessed through limited and implementation trials involving teachers and students. The validation results demonstrated that the LKPD achieved scores of 83.33% from teaching material experts, 78.84% from material experts, and 95% from instructional design experts, indicating that the product met the validity criteria. Practicality testing showed excellent results, with teacher observation scores increasing from 97% in the limited trial to 100% in the implementation trial, while student observation scores improved from 93% to 95%, reflecting the ease of use and successful implementation of the LKPD in classroom learning. Furthermore, the effectiveness evaluation revealed 100% classical learning mastery in both trials, accompanied by highly positive student responses of 94% and 96%, indicating that the LKPD successfully enhanced student engagement, supported concept discovery, and facilitated meaningful learning experiences. These findings demonstrate that the Discovery Learning-Based LKPD is valid, practical, and effective for supporting science learning on changes in the states of matter in elementary schools.
Penerapan Media Pop-Up Book Digital Berbasis Etnosains untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Sains Siswa Kelas IV Mata Pelajaran IPAS SD Muhammadiyah Lamongan
The low science literacy of Grade IV students at SD Muhammadiyah Lamongan served as the background of this study. Initial observations revealed that only 30% of students met the Learning Objective Achievement Criteria (KKTP), while the media used were still limited to Canva, PowerPoint, and simple videos that lacked interactivity. This study aimed to describe teacher activity, student activity, and the improvement of science literacy through the implementation of ethnoscience-based digital Pop-Up Book media in the IPAS subject. This study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design conducted in two cycles, involving 20 students of Grade IV D at SD Muhammadiyah Lamongan. Data were collected through teacher and student activity observation sheets, as well as essay-based science literacy tests. The results showed significant improvements across all measured aspects. Teacher activity increased from 52% in Cycle I to 91% in Cycle II. Student activity increased from 55% in Cycle I to 92% in Cycle II. Students' science literacy achievement rose from 40% in Cycle I to 85% in Cycle II. It is therefore concluded that the implementation of ethnoscience-based digital Pop-Up Book media effectively improves the science literacy of Grade IV students in the IPAS subject at SD Muhammadiyah Lamongan.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Digital Menggunakan Heyzine Flipbook untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik pada Materi Gotong Royong di Lingkungan Sekitar
Development of Digital Instructional Materials Using Heyzine Flipbook to Improve Students’ Learning Motivation on the Topic of Mutual Cooperation in the Surrounding Environment. Students' learning motivation in the topic of Mutual Cooperation in the Surrounding Environment was found to be relatively low. Based on the results of the initial classroom observations, this condition was indicated by students' low enthusiasm during the learning process, the limited use of digital teaching materials, and the predominance of conventional teaching methods. Therefore, this study aimed to develop digital teaching materials using heyzine flipbook and examine their feasibility and effectiveness for elementary school learning. This study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The research subjects consisted of 36 fifth-grade students of SD Negeri Kracak 01, selected using a random sampling technique. The research instruments included expert validation sheets (content, language, and media), teacher and student response questionnaires, and a learning motivation questionnaire. The validation results showed average scores of 98% from the content expert, 86% from the language expert, and 98% from the media expert, indicating that the product was highly feasible. The limited field trial showed teacher responses of 98% and student responses of 88.6%, both categorized as highly practical. The N-Gain analysis yielded an average score of 0.71, which falls into the high category. Therefore, the digital teaching materials developed using heyzine flipbook were found to be feasible, practical, and effective in improving the learning motivation of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri Kracak 01.
Pendugaan Potensi Air Tanah di Jorong Siparayo, Nagari Malampah Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Konfigurasi Wenner
Jorong Siparayo, Nagari Malampah, relies on groundwater as its primary source of clean water due to limited surface water availability. Following the 2022 earthquake, damage to the water supply infrastructure increased the community's dependence on shallow dug wells and boreholes equipped with pumping systems, while information on aquifer distribution and groundwater potential remains limited. This study aims to identify aquifer zones and assess groundwater potential using the Wenner array. Primary geoelectrical data were acquired using the Automatic Resistivity System (ARES) and processed using the Least-Squares inversion method in Res2DInv software. Data interpretation integrated regional geological information with reference resistivity values to infer subsurface lithology and groundwater potential. The results indicate that aquifer zones are characterized by resistivity values of 20–90 Ωm, corresponding to water-saturated sand and gravel layers at depths of approximately 4–32 m. Several aquifer zones are interpreted as confined aquifers, suggesting potential for artesian well development. This study contributes by providing an interpretation of confined aquifer zones through the integration of geoelectrical resistivity data and regional geological information as a basis for estimating the potential for artesian wells.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah dengan Pendekatan Deep Learning untuk Meningkatkan Penalaran Ilmiah Siswa pada Materi Suhu dan Kalor
This quantitative study aims to determine the improvement and effectiveness of a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model using a Deep Learning approach on students’ scientific reasoning regarding the topics of temperature and heat. A pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach was applied in this study. The sample consisted of 36 11th-grade MIPA students at a public high school in Bandung, selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a scientific reasoning test adapted from the Lawson Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning (LCTSR), which had been tailored to the subject matter. The results showed a significant improvement in scientific reasoning, with the average pretest score increasing from 28.31 to 58.61 on the posttest, and achieving an average N-gain score of 0.43 (moderate category). The greatest improvement occurred in the correlational aspect (N-gain = 0.54), followed by proportional (0.49), hypothesis-deductive (0.44), probabilistic (0.42), conservation (0.36), and variable control (0.25). Furthermore, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test confirmed that this model is significantly effective (Z = -5.242, p < 0.001). These findings indicate that the Problem-Based Learning model with a Deep Learning approach enhances scientific reasoning by promoting active inquiry and reflective thinking. It was concluded that the implemented learning model effectively improves students’ scientific reasoning, particularly in analyzing relationships between variables in physics concepts.
Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Life Loop pada Materi Siklus Hidup Makhluk Hidup Kelas III di SDN Junganyar 2 Socah
The learning process of science (IPAS) in elementary schools still faces several challenges, particularly in teaching abstract concepts such as the life cycle of living things, which often result in low student engagement and learning outcomes. In addition, the limited use of interactive digital learning media has made it difficult for teachers to create meaningful and student-centered learning experiences. This study aims to: (1) develop a valid Life Loop interactive multimedia based on the results of the validation questionnaire; (2) develop an effective Life Loop interactive multimedia reviewed from the learning outcomes and the results of observations of teacher and student activities; and (3) develop an interesting Life Loop interactive multimedia based on teacher and student response questionnaires. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) development method with the ADDIE research model with 32 students as research subjects. The results of the study show that the interactive multimedia developed is included in the very valid category, with validation results from media experts of 95%, material experts of 82%, and learning design experts of 87%. The effectiveness of interactive multimedia is proven through large group trials, where the results of observations of teacher activities obtained a percentage of 100% with an active category, while student activities reached 96.80% with an active category. In addition, the results of the evaluation test showed that 27 students who took the test had achieved individual learning completion. The level of interactive multimedia interest is also very high, as shown by the results of the teacher response questionnaire of 98.33% and the student response of 95.46%, both of which are included in the very interesting category. Based on the overall results, the Life Loop interactive multimedia is declared suitable for use in science (IPAS) learning for Grade III students at SDN Junganyar 2 Socah Bangkalan on the topic of the life cycle of living things.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Papan Warna terhadap Kemampuan Mengklasifikasikan Warna bagi Anak Kelompok A di RA Darussalam
The ability to classify colors is one of the cognitive skills that should be developed in early childhood. However, learning activities at RA Darussalam still rely on conventional media, which provide limited opportunities for children to actively classify colors through meaningful learning experiences. This study aims to determine the effect of using color board media on the ability to classify colors in Group A children at RA Darussalam. This study employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method using a one-group pre-test post-test design. The research subjects were all 20 children in Group A at RA Darussalam. Data were collected through observation and tests using observation sheet instruments. Data analysis was conducted using the normality test and the paired sample t-test. The results showed that the use of color board media significantly improved children's ability to classify colors, as indicated by an increase in the mean score from 49.7 in the pre-test to 73.3 in the post-test. The normality test indicated that both pre-test and post-test data were normally distributed, with significance values of 0.200 (> 0.05). Furthermore, the paired sample t-test showed a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of less than 0.05, indicating that H₀ was rejected and Hₐ was accepted. The findings also revealed that the use of color board media increased children's activeness, enthusiasm, and understanding of color concepts through concrete and enjoyable learning activities.
Penerapan Model Project-Based Learning dengan Pendekatan STEAM untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Materi Energi Alternatif
Critical thinking is recognized as a fundamental competency among the essential skills required in the 21st century. However, students' critical thinking skills have not yet developed optimally, highlighting the need for instructional models that actively engage students throughout the learning process. One approach to fostering active student engagement is the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model integrated with the STEAM approach. This study employed a quantitative quasi-experimental method using a pretest–posttest non-equivalent control group design. The sample consisted of 62 tenth-grade students from a public senior high school in Bandung, Indonesia. The research instrument comprised nine essay questions designed to assess students' critical thinking skills. The data were analyzed using the normalized gain (N-Gain) to determine the improvement in critical thinking skills, while the Mann–Whitney U test was employed to examine the effect of the instructional model. The findings revealed that the improvement in students' critical thinking skills in the experimental class was higher than that of the control class, with N-Gain scores of 0.471 and 0.342, respectively, both of which were classified as moderate. Furthermore, the Mann–Whitney U test at the 5% significance level indicated a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Project-Based Learning model integrated with the STEAM approach has a significant positive effect on improving students' critical thinking skills in the topic of Alternative Energy.
Pengembangan Media Flashcard Materi Makanan Bergizi Seimbang untuk Siswa Kelas IV di SDN 26 Mataram
Students' understanding of balanced nutrition remains relatively low because learning is still supported by limited instructional media that are less interactive. Therefore, developing an engaging learning medium is necessary to help students understand balanced nutrition concepts more effectively. This study aims to determine the validity and practicality of flashcard media for teaching balanced nutrition to Grade IV students of SDN 26 Mataram. The method used in this study is Research and Development (R&D) with a 4D model consisting of define, design, develop, and disseminate. The subjects in this study were 30 Grade IV students and one teacher of SDN 26 Mataram. The object of this study was flashcard media designed to assist students in understanding balanced nutrition material through the use of traditional Sasak food examples and educational games. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive qualitative and quantitative. Data were collected using observation sheets, interview sheets, preliminary understanding tests, validity questionnaires, and practicality questionnaires. The results showed that the media expert validation score was 81.25%, categorized as fairly valid, while the material expert validation score was 100%, categorized as very valid. The practicality level based on student responses in Trial I was 92.5%, categorized as very practical, and in Trial II was 98.13%, categorized as very practical. Furthermore, based on teacher responses in Trial I, the practicality score was 95.31%, categorized as very practical, and in Trial II, the practicality score was 98.44%, categorized as very practical. Based on these results, the developed flashcard media was categorized as very valid and very practical, indicating that it can be used as a learning medium for teaching balanced nutrition to Grade IV students of SDN 26 Mataram.
Analisis Solusi dan Kontribusi terhadap Pemecahan Masalah di Lingkungan Sekolah
Problems in the school environment are one of the challenges in education that can affect the quality of the learning process and the achievement of educational goals. These problems are not only related to academic aspects, but also include learning motivation, student discipline, behavior, and social interaction in the school environment. Low learning motivation and less optimal learning processes are some of the problems that are still often found in educational activities.This study aims to examine the contributions of various parties in helping to solve problems that occur in schools. The method used is library research by collecting and analyzing various sources such as educational books, scientific journals, and literature related to learning, character education, and classroom management.The results of the study show that problems in schools are influenced by internal and external factors, such as family, school, community environment, and technological developments. Teachers act as guides and motivators, students as active subjects in learning, parents as supporters of education at home, and schools and communities as supporters in creating a conducive learning environment. Therefore, cooperation among all elements of education is very necessary to improve the quality of education as a whole.
Studi Persebaran dan Keterjangkauan Fasilitas Kesehatan di Kota Surakarta Tahun 2025
The availability of health facilities that are evenly distributed and easily accessible is an important factor in supporting public health services. This study aims to analyze the distribution and accessibility of healthcare facilities in Surakarta City in 2025 using a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach. The research employs a quantitative method with a census approach to all hospitals and community health centers in Surakarta City. Spatial data were obtained from the Geospatial Information Agency (BIG), Google Earth, and the Surakarta City Health Office, and then analyzed using spatial mapping and the Multiple Ring Buffer method on ArcGIS. The research results show that the distribution of hospitals has a clustered pattern and is concentrated in the Laweyan, Banjarsari, Jebres, and Pasar Kliwon sub-districts, while community health centers are more evenly distributed across all sub-districts. Accessibility analysis shows that the central area of Surakarta City has a higher level of hospital accessibility compared to the peripheral areas due to the concentration of healthcare facilities and a better transportation network. Although most areas are within the coverage of hospital services, there are still some areas in the northern, eastern, and southern parts of the city that are in the outermost reach zone. The research results show that the spatial distribution of healthcare facilities affects the level of accessibility to public health services in the city of Surakarta.
Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Pada Materi Gaya di Sekitar Kita untuk Siswa Kelas IV di SDS Islam Al-Furqon Pamekasan
This study was motivated by the low level of students' interest and attention during the learning process, which was attributed to the use of learning media that were insufficiently engaging, lacked interactivity, and supported predominantly teacher-centered instruction, causing students to become easily bored and less actively involved in classroom learning. Therefore, this study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach to develop interactive multimedia on the topic of Forces in Our Surroundings for fourth-grade students at SDS Islam Al-Furqon Pamekasan. The development process adopted the 4D model, consisting of the Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. The resulting product was an interactive multimedia application integrating learning materials, visualizations, and formative assessments to support the learning process. The feasibility of the product was determined through expert validation. The validation results indicated that the interactive multimedia achieved valid to highly valid categories, with scores of 92% from the instructional design expert, 83% from the material expert, 78% from the language expert, and 96% from the media expert. The effectiveness of the multimedia was demonstrated through teacher and student activities during the learning process. In the limited trial, teacher activity reached 96.15% and student activity reached 88.70%, while in the implementation trial, teacher activity remained at 96.15% and student activity increased to 94.40%. In addition, student learning outcomes showed a 100% mastery rate. The attractiveness of the multimedia also received highly positive responses. Student response questionnaire results reached 88.93% in the limited trial and increased to 97.49% in the implementation trial. These findings indicate that the developed interactive multimedia is feasible, effective, and attractive for use in teaching the topic of Forces in Our Surroundings in elementary schools.
Efektivitas Model Learning Cycle 7E Berbantuan Media Pop-Up Book Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep IPAS Siswa Kelas IV SD 4 Dersalam
This study was motivated by students’ low conceptual understanding in science education. The study aimed to examine the difference in mean pretest and posttest scores after implementing the 7E Learning Cycle model aided by a Pop-Up Book, as well as to determine the improvement in students’ conceptual understanding through the N-Gain test. The study employed a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The study subjects consisted of 24 fourth-grade students at SD 4 Dersalam, selected using saturation sampling. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed using normality tests, the Paired Sample t-test, and the N-Gain test. The results showed that the 7E Learning Cycle model supported by Pop-Up Book media had a significant effect on students’ conceptual understanding of IPAS. The results indicated that students’ average scores increased from 60.9 on the pretest to 85.8 on the posttest. The N-Gain test result of 0.6461 falls into the moderate category with an effectiveness of 64.6% (moderately effective). These findings indicate that the 7E Learning Cycle model supported by Pop-Up Book media can serve as an alternative learning approach to enhance students’ understanding of IPAS concepts and support active, meaningful, and student-centered learning.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik melalui Penggunaan Media Video Animasi pada Materi Sistem Pernapasan Manusia di Kelas V SDN Rawamangun
Critical thinking skills are essential competencies in 21st-century learning; however, many elementary school students still experience difficulties in analyzing information, evaluating evidence, drawing conclusions, and explaining their reasoning during science learning. This study aimed to describe the implementation of animated video media and improve students’ critical thinking skills in learning the human respiratory system in Grade V-C of SDN Rawamangun 02. The study employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) using the Kemmis and McTaggart model, conducted from April to May 2026 in three cycles involving 30 students. Data were collected through observation, written tests, interviews, and documentation and were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques. The results showed that the implementation of animated video media was carried out effectively, as indicated by the improvement in teacher performance from 75.00% in Cycle I to 95.00% in Cycle III. Students’ critical thinking skills also improved, as reflected in the observation results, which increased from 57.14% to 89.29%, and in the written test results, which increased from 50.00% to 86.67%. The improvement was evident in the aspects of analysis, evaluation, inference, and explanation. The findings indicate that animated video media can effectively enhance students’ critical thinking skills in science learning, particularly on the topic of the human respiratory system. Therefore, animated video media can serve as an alternative instructional medium to support the development of critical thinking skills in elementary schools.
Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan DeFT E-Worksheet untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah pada Materi Fluida Statis
The topic of static fluids requires students to understand concepts in the context of everyday phenomena. However, problem-solving skills in this subject remain a challenge because students tend to apply formulas directly without fully understanding the context of the problem. This situation highlights the need for active, context-based problem-solving learning and the support of targeted representations. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model, supported by Design, Function, and Task (DeFT) e-worksheets, in improving students’ problem-solving skills in static fluid mechanics. This study employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest format. The research sample consisted of 33 11th-grade science students at a MAN in Bandung Regency, selected using convenience sampling. Research instruments included an observation sheet for instructional implementation, a problem-solving skills test, and a student response questionnaire. Data were analyzed using implementation percentages, N-Gain, the Wilcoxon test, Cohen’s d effect size, and descriptive percentage analysis. The results showed that the implementation of the PBL syntax achieved an average of 86.72%, falling into the “very good” category. Problem-solving skills improved, with an N-Gain of 0.39 in the “moderate” category. The Wilcoxon test showed that posttest scores were significantly higher than pretest scores (Z = -4.978; p < 0.001), with an effect size of 2.259 in the large category. Student responses fell into the “good” category across all ARCS dimensions. Thus, the implementation of the PBL model supplemented by DeFT e-worksheets demonstrated effectiveness in improving the problem-solving skills of the students in the study group, as evidenced by the increase in N-Gain, the results of the hypothesis testing, and the effect size. Future researchers are recommended to involve a control group and apply the model to broader samples or different physics topics to obtain stronger evidence regarding its effectiveness.
Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Outdoor Learning pada Materi Hidup Bersama Alam terhadap Kecerdasan Naturalistik Siswa Kelas III Sekolah Dasar
This study was motivated by the suboptimal development of naturalistic intelligence among elementary school students, resulting from instruction that remains dominated by classroom-based activities and lacks direct interaction with the natural environment. The study aimed to determine the impact of the Outdoor Learning method—specifically focusing on the topic of "Living in Harmony with Nature"—on the naturalistic intelligence of third-grade elementary school students. A quantitative approach was employed using a quasi-experimental design, specifically a non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The research sample consisted of 14 third-grade students from SDN 3 Wonoanti (experimental group) and 13 third-grade students from SDN 2 Sukorejo (control group). Data were collected using a naturalistic intelligence questionnaire that had passed validity and reliability testing. Data analysis included tests for normality, homogeneity, Independent Sample t-Tests, and N-Gain analysis. The results indicate a significant effect of the Outdoor Learning method on students' naturalistic intelligence (significance value of 0.000 < 0.05), leading to the rejection of H₀ and the acceptance of Hₐ. Effectiveness analysis showed an average N-Gain of 84.08 for the experimental group and 76.38 for the control group; while both fell into the "high" category, the experimental group achieved a greater improvement. Thus, the Outdoor Learning method—implemented through family medicinal plant cultivation activities—proved to be influential and more effective in enhancing the naturalistic intelligence of elementary school students.
Analisis Implementasi Deep Learning dalam Mewujudkan Kreativitas Siswa SDN Batang-Batang Daya II
This study aims to analyze the implementation of deep learning in fostering students' creativity at SDN Batang-Batang Daya II. A qualitative approach with a descriptive research design was employed. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, and subsequently analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis to provide a comprehensive understanding of how deep learning is implemented in classroom practices. The findings reveal that deep learning is implemented through student-centered learning planning, contextual learning activities, reflective practices, the application of Project-Based Learning (PjBL), and the development of students' critical thinking skills, with teachers serving as facilitators of the learning process. The implementation of these strategies encourages students to become more active, creative, confident in expressing their ideas, and capable of generating solutions to problems encountered during learning. Nevertheless, the implementation still faces challenges, particularly the differences in students' critical thinking abilities, which require teachers to adopt differentiated learning strategies that accommodate diverse learning needs. Furthermore, support from the school, parents, and adequate learning facilities plays a significant role in ensuring the successful implementation of deep learning. Overall, the findings indicate that the implementation of deep learning contributes to creating more meaningful learning experiences while supporting the development of students' creativity in elementary school.
Pengembangan Media Pop-Up Book Berbasis Qr Code Bangun Ruang pada Kelas V UPTD SDN Keleyan 1 Socah
This study aims to develop a QR Code-based Pop-Up Book media for spatial geometry material for fifth-grade students at UPTD SDN Keleyan 1 Socah that meets the criteria of validity, effectiveness, and engagement. This study is a Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model, which includes the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research subjects consisted of three validators: a media expert, a material expert, and an instructional design expert, as well as 21 fifth-grade students at UPTD SDN Keleyan 1 Socah. Data collection techniques used interviews, questionnaires, observations, and tests. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively by calculating the percentage of expert validation results, observations of teacher and student activities, learning test results, and teacher and student questionnaire responses. The results showed that the QR Code-based Pop-Up Book media achieved a validity level of 93.33% from media experts, 87.5% from material experts, and 98.1% from instructional design experts, with a very valid category. The effectiveness of the media is shown through observations of teacher activity of 99.22% and student activity of 88.64%, with the active category. The results of the learning test show that students have achieved learning mastery in accordance with the Learning Objectives Achievement Criteria (KKTP). The attractiveness of the media is shown by the results of the teacher response questionnaire of 97.5% and student responses of 96.66%, with the very interesting category. Based on these results, the QR Code-based Pop-Up Book media is declared suitable for use as a mathematics learning medium for spatial geometry in fifth grade elementary school because it meets the criteria of validity, effectiveness, and attractiveness.
Pengembangan E-Modul Interaktif Berbantuan Flipbook pada Materi Daerahku dan Kekayaan Alamnya untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Kelas IV
The increasing integration of digital technology in education demands teaching materials that are interactive and responsive to students' learning needs, yet many primary schools still rely on printed textbooks that limit student engagement. This study aims to develop an interactive e-module assisted by Flipbook covering the topic "My Region and Its Natural Wealth," determine the product's feasibility, test its effectiveness in improving student learning outcomes, and assess teacher and student responses to the developed product. The study employs a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, comprising the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research subjects were 31 students from class IV-A at SDN Mekarsari 6, Depok City, during the 2025/2026 academic year. Data were collected through observation, interviews, expert validation, teacher and student response questionnaires, as well as pre-tests and post-tests. Data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods, specifically the N-Gain test and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results indicate that the e-module achieved a "highly feasible" rating based on assessments by media experts (92.5%), language experts (95%), material expert 1 (89%), and material expert 2 (90%), with an overall average of 91.63%. Teacher responses yielded a 96% rating and student responses 98.93%, both in the "excellent" category. Student learning outcomes improved from an average pre-test score of 78 to an average post-test score of 91.07, with an N-Gain score of 0.5323, indicating a moderate level of improvement. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 < 0.05, confirming a significant difference in learning outcomes before and after using the e-module. Thus, the Flipbook-assisted interactive e-module is feasible and effective as a teaching resource for enhancing student learning outcomes in IPAS lessons at the primary school level.
Analisis Implementasi Pembiasaan dalam Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila: Studi Perbandingan Sekolah Penggerak dan Non-Penggerak
Habit-forming activities are one of the ways schools strive to strengthen the Pancasila Student Profile by instilling character values in students’ daily lives. This study aims to describe the implementation of habit-forming activities in strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile in the dimensions of faith, piety toward God Almighty, and noble character, as well as the dimension of mutual cooperation, and to identify supporting factors, constraints, and efforts made in their implementation at schools that have participated in the School Movement Program and non-participating schools. This study employs a qualitative approach using a comparative study design. The research was conducted at SDN 32 Cakranegara and SDN 40 Cakranegara. The research subjects consisted of school principals, teachers, and students. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis utilized the Miles and Huberman model, which encompasses data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that both schools have routinely implemented habit-forming activities through school culture and the learning process to strengthen the dimensions of faith, piety toward God Almighty, and noble character, as well as the dimension of mutual cooperation. SDN 32 Cakranegara has a more diverse and structured habit-forming program, while SDN 40 Cakranegara places greater emphasis on the consistency of implementing these habit-forming activities. Supporting factors include the principal’s commitment, teachers’ active involvement, a positive school culture, and support from the school community. Challenges faced include differences in students’ personalities, a lack of consistency in implementing habit-forming activities, and suboptimal family support. Efforts undertaken include setting a good example, providing ongoing guidance and supervision, offering motivation, and fostering cooperation with parents.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah pada Materi Pokok Bangun Datar Siswa Kelas IV SDN 03 Paokmotong Tahun Ajaran 2025/2026
This study was motivated by the low mathematical problem-solving ability of fourth-grade students on plane geometry topics, particularly the perimeter and area of squares, rectangles, and triangles. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model on the mathematical problem-solving ability of fourth-grade students at SDN 03 Paokmotong. This research employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a posttest-only control group design. The research sample consisted of 50 fourth-grade students from SDN 03 Paokmotong. Data were collected through a mathematical problem-solving test and classroom implementation observation. The research instruments included a mathematical problem-solving test and an observation sheet for the implementation of the learning process. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine the mean and standard deviation, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test, the Fisher homogeneity test, and hypothesis testing using the Independent Samples t-test. The results showed that the mean score of the experimental class was 78.68, which was higher than that of the control class, which was 62.56. The hypothesis test results indicated that the calculated t-value (tcount = 5.19) was greater than the critical t-value (ttable = 2.01) at the 0.05 significance level; therefore, H₀ was rejected and H₁ was accepted. It can be concluded that the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model has a significant effect on the mathematical problem-solving ability of fourth-grade students at SDN 03 Paokmotong in learning plane geometry.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran IPAS Kelas III SDN 2 Gerimak Indah
The low learning outcomes in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) among third-grade students were evident during the learning process. Many students were less active and paid less attention to the teacher's explanations. This study aims to determine the effect of implementing the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model on student learning outcomes in the IPAS subject at SDN 2 Gerimak Indah. This research employs a quantitative approach with an experimental design. The population includes all third-grade students at SDN 2 Gerimak Indah. Data were collected through observations and tests to measure cognitive learning outcome indicators, which include remembering (C1), understanding (C2), applying (C3), and analyzing (C4). Observation results showed that the implementation of the CTL model syntax was executed very well in the classroom. The findings indicated a significant increase in IPAS learning outcomes, with the average post-test score reaching 85.45, compared to the initial pre-test average of only 54.54. Improvement occurred across all measured cognitive indicators. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the application of the CTL model has a significant positive effect on students' IPAS learning outcomes and is capable of increasing student engagement in the learning process.
Analisis Potensi Pengembangan Wisata Edukatif Berbasis Wisata Sejarah Peninggalan Kerajaan Majapahit di Trowulan Mojokerto
Trowulan Area, Mojokerto Regency, East Java, is the former capital of the Majapahit Kingdom and preserves numerous archaeological heritage sites, including Tikus Temple, Bajang Ratu Temple, Brahu Temple, and Gentong Temple. This study aims to analyze the potential for developing history-based educational tourism at these four archaeological sites. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies involving site managers, visitors, and relevant institutions. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman based on three educational tourism indicators: learning value, knowledge enrichment, and site suitability. The findings reveal that all four sites possess significant historical, architectural, and spiritual values. However, their utilization as educational tourism destinations remains suboptimal due to limited interpretive media, the absence of permanent tour guides, and inadequate supporting facilities. The study identifies seven strategic directions for development, including integrated educational tourism packages, site-based learning, cultural performances, creative economy development, digital educational tourism, tourism village development, and the establishment of an archaeological research center. The proposed recommendations include strengthening interpretive media, improving tour guide competencies, providing adequate supporting infrastructure, and fostering collaboration among government agencies, site managers, academics, and local communities to achieve sustainable history-based educational tourism centered on the legacy of the Majapahit Kingdom.
Pengembangan Media KONEKSI Berbasis Website Genially pada Pembelajaran IPAS Kelas V SDN Genilangit 1
The aim of this study was to develop the ‘KONEKSI’ learning media based on the Genially website, for grade fifth IPAS lessons at Genilangit 1 elementary school. The background to this study was the need for interactive and engaging learning resources, particularly for the science subject. Observations and interviews at Genilangit 1 elementary school revealed that IPAS lessons remained teacher-centred and relied mainly on textbooks and worksheets, leaving pupils passive and finding it difficult to grasp abstract concepts such as harmony in the ecosystem. These conditions indicated the need for an interactive and contextual medium capable of supporting the topic more effectively. Analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation are the five stages of the ADDIE R&D model. The Genially website was used to create interactive learning resources comprising learning materials, videos and interactive quizzes. Following validation, the subject matter expert, language expert and media expert scored 97.33% (Highly Acceptable), 85.33% (Highly Acceptable) and 89.33% respectively. The product was trialled on 22 student grade fifth ; both trials achieved the ‘Highly Suitable’ category, with an average questionnaire response rate of 95.63% and a 100% response rate from teachers. The research findings indicate that the KONEKSI teaching aid, based on the Genially website, can be effectively utilised in the IPAS learning process for grade fifth. The KONEKSI teaching aid, based on the Genially website, facilitates the delivery of material by teachers during the learning process and stimulates pupils’ interest in learning. It is hoped that this teaching aid can serve as a relevant alternative learning method in line with technological advancements.
Pengaruh Model Picture and Picture Berbantuan Media Story Puzzle terhadap Hasil Belajar IPAS Siswa Sekolah Dasar
This research is motivated by the low learning outcomes of students in science and social subjects, so it is necessary to implement a learning model that is able to increase student involvement in the learning process. This research aims to determine the effect of the Picture and Picture model assisted by Story Puzzle media on the science and social learning outcomes of class IV students at SDN 2 Pengadangan. This research uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design of the Nonequivalent Control Group Design type. The research subjects consisted of an experimental class that received learning using the Picture and Picture model assisted by Story Puzzle media and a kontrol class that used direct learning. Data collection techniques are carried out through learning outcomes tests that meet the validity and reliability criteria. The research results showed that there was a significant difference between student learning outcomes in the experimental class and the kontrol class, with higher improvements in the experimental class. The results of the hypothesis test show a calculated t value of -3.505 and a significance value (p-value) of 0.001 which is smaller than 0.025. Thus, the Picture and Picture model assisted by Story Puzzle media has a significant effect on the science and social learning outcomes of class IV students at SDN 2 Pengadangan. These findings indicate that the use of the Picture and Picture model assisted by Story Puzzle media can be an effective learning alternative to improve student learning outcomes.
Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran Mencerna sebagai Implementasi Student Active Learning di Kelas 3 SD Negeri 1 Weleri
Indonesian language instruction in elementary school continues to rely mainly on lecture-based teaching and textbooks-centered learning, result in limited student participation. This study sought to develop MENCERNA (Interactive Narrative Story Media), explain its implementation in promoting Student Active Learning, and investigate third-grade students' responses and learning outocomes at SD Negeri 1 Weleri. This study adopted the Research and Development (R&D) approach using the 4D model, which includes the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. Data were obtained through observations, interviews, validation questionnaires, documentation, and learning achievement tests, then analyzed using descriptive quantitative techniques and the N-Gain test. The findings indicated that MENCERNA obtained a validation score of 80% from both the material and media experts, demonstrating that it was valid for classroom implementation. Its implementation promoted active atudent involvement through observation, questioning, discussion, idea exchange, and worksheet completion. Students demonstrated positive responses toward the media, while their learning outcomes improved, with the mean pre-test score rising from 63.57 to 87.51 on the post-test, producing an N-Gain score of 0.66 (moderately effective). Therefore, MENCERNA represent an appropriate instructional medium for enhacing Student Active Learning and Indonesian language learning outcomes.
Analisis Kesulitan Siswa dalam Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Materi Pecahan Kelas V SDN 2 Paokmotong Tahun Ajaran 2025/2026
Problem-solving skills have become a key focus in mathematics education today. In mathematics class, students often face difficulties in solving non-routine problems or complex questions. This study aims to describe students’ difficulties in solving math problems involving fractions. This study employs a qualitative, descriptive research approach. The subjects of this study were 25 fifth-grade students at SDN 2 Paokmotong. The subjects were selected through purposive sampling, with three subjects chosen based on high, moderate, and low problem-solving ability categories. The data collection techniques used were a mathematics problem-solving test, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis techniques in this study included data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Meanwhile, the validity of the research data was tested using triangulation. The results of the study show that: 1) subjects in the high category experienced difficulties at the stage of implementing their problem-solving plans; 2) subjects in the moderate category experienced difficulties at the stages of planning the solution, implementing the solution plan, and checking their work; and 3) subjects in the low category experienced the most difficulties, namely difficulties in understanding the problem because they were unable to identify the given information in the problem. Difficulties in the planning stage for problems 1 and 4 stemmed from an inability to create an accurate mathematical model. Difficulties in the execution stage resulted from not knowing how to apply formulas or not having memorized them. Difficulties in the review stage arose from an inability to solve the problems correctly.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share Berbantuan Media Flashcard terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Menulis Deskripsi Peserta Didik
The low descriptive writing skills of elementary school students remain a significant challenge, as classroom instruction is often teacher-centered and lacks learning models and media that effectively stimulate students' idea development. This study aimed to examine the effect of the Think Pair Share cooperative learning model assisted by Flashcard media on the descriptive writing skills of fourth-grade students at SDN Cijeruk 02. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The sample consisted of 56 fourth-grade students, divided into an experimental class and a control class, with 28 students in each group. Data were collected through tests, observations, and documentation, and analyzed using the Independent Sample t-test, N-Gain analysis, and effect size with IBM SPSS Statistics 29. The results revealed a significant effect of the Think Pair Share cooperative learning model assisted by Flashcard media on students' descriptive writing skills, indicated by a significance value of 0.001 (p < 0.05). The experimental group achieved an N-Gain score of 79.17%, categorized as effective, while the control group obtained an N-Gain score of 54%, categorized as less effective. Furthermore, the effect size was 0.9486, indicating a high level of practical effect. The novelty of this study lies in integrating the Think Pair Share cooperative learning model with Flashcard media to improve descriptive writing skills in elementary school students, providing a more effective instructional alternative than previous studies, which generally examined these two components separately. Therefore, the Think Pair Share cooperative learning model assisted by Flashcard media is proven to be effective in improving the descriptive writing skills of fourth-grade elementary school students.
Pengaruh Model Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas IV pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SDN 01 Seputih Jaya
Low student learning outcomes in Indonesian language, particularly on the topic of pantun (traditional Indonesian poetry), among fourth-grade students at SDN 01 Seputih Jaya were attributed to teacher-centered instructional practices, which limited students' opportunities to ask questions, engage in discussions, and independently construct knowledge. As a result, students' critical thinking skills and conceptual understanding had not developed optimally. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) model on students' learning outcomes in Indonesian language, specifically on the topic of pantun, among fourth-grade students at SDN 01 Seputih Jaya. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a Pretest–Posttest Control Group Design. The population consisted of all fourth-grade students at SDN 01 Seputih Jaya in the 2026/2027 academic year. A saturated sampling technique was applied, with Class IVA (18 students) assigned as the experimental group taught using the Inquiry-Based Learning model and Class IVB (20 students) as the control group taught using the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model. The results of the Independent Samples t-Test revealed a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 and a calculated t-value of 4.869, which exceeded the critical t-value of 2.028, indicating that the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis was accepted. Furthermore, the average N-Gain score of the experimental group was 0.74 (high category), while that of the control group was 0.27 (low category). These findings demonstrate that the implementation of the Inquiry-Based Learning model has a positive and statistically significant effect on the Indonesian language learning outcomes of fourth-grade students. Therefore, the model can serve as an innovative and effective instructional alternative for elementary school teachers.
Pengembangan Media Buku Bergambar Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Sasak pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 Akar-Akar
This study aimed to develop a picture book learning medium based on Sasak local wisdom and determine its validity, practicality, and effectiveness in Pancasila Education for fourth-grade students at State Elementary School 1 Akar-Akar. This study employed a Research and Development method using the ADDIE model, which consists of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The participants were 25 fourth-grade students. Data were collected through material expert and media expert validation questionnaires, teacher and student response questionnaires, learning achievement tests, and documentation. The data were analyzed using validity and practicality percentages, a paired-samples t-test, and the N-Gain test. The results showed that the material expert validation reached 82% and the media expert validation reached 84%, both of which were categorized as highly valid. The teacher response reached 95%, while the student response reached 95.1%, both of which were categorized as highly practical. The students’ mean score increased from 47.40 on the pretest to 91.40 on the posttest. The t-test result showed that the calculated t-value of 15.24 was higher than the critical t-value of 2.064, with a significance level of less than 0.001. The average N-Gain score was 0.86 or 85.88%, indicating a high and effective improvement. Therefore, the Sasak local wisdom-based picture book was highly valid, highly practical, and effective in improving fourth-grade students’ learning outcomes and understanding of Pancasila values.
The Impact of English Teachers' Feedback Style on Students' Speaking Confidence at Smp Mutiara Terpadu Palabuhanratu
Speaking confidence remains a persistent challenge in EFL classrooms, as many students remain reluctant to communicate orally despite the growing demand for English communication skills in the twenty-first century. Students' fear of making mistakes and receiving negative evaluation often limits their participation in speaking activities, underscoring the need to examine the role of teacher feedback in shaping learners' confidence. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of teacher feedback styles and to explore students' perceptions of how feedback influences their speaking confidence. A qualitative comparative case study design was employed, involving two English teachers and students from Grade VII and Grade VIII at a junior high school. Data were collected through classroom observation and semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Braun and Clarke's (2006) thematic analysis. The findings revealed four major feedback types: corrective, epistemic, suggestive, and combined feedback. Corrective feedback was the most frequently used type overall, whereas supportive feedback practices were more evident in Grade VIII classrooms. Five themes describing students' speaking confidence also emerged: Anxiety-Driven Silence, Authoritative Feedback as Confidence Suppressant, Supportive Feedback as Confidence Catalyst, Recast and Epistemic Feedback as Preferred Intervention, and Teacher as Architect of Speaking Confidence. Students who received supportive feedback demonstrated greater willingness to communicate, more active participation, and higher confidence in speaking English. These findings imply that effective feedback should balance linguistic accuracy with emotional support to foster both speaking development and confidence. The study was limited to a single school context involving two teachers, which constrains the transferability of the findings to other educational settings.
Pengembangan LKPDD IPAS Berbasis Role Playing pada Kelas IV Materi Kegiatan Jual Beli SDN Sukolilo Barat 1
Research was motivated by low fourth-grade IPAS learning outcomes at SDN Sukolilo Barat 1, where the first-semester summative average was only 34% due to conventional methods and limited innovative materials. Conversely, needs analysis showed 85% of students prefer playful activities. This study aims to develop a valid, effective, and engaging role-playing-based student worksheet (LKPD) for fourth-grade IPAS on buying and selling activities. Using the Research and Development (R&D) method with the 4D model, data were collected via interviews, observations, questionnaires, and 10 pre-test and post-test essay questions. Product feasibility was validated by material, learning resources, and instructional design experts. Product trials involved 9 small-group and 15 large-group students using a one-group pre-test–post-test design, analyzed via Paired Sample T-test and Normalized Gain (N-Gain). The study successfully developed a role-playing-based LKPD on economic activities aligned with the Merdeka Curriculum. Through a learning-by-doing approach, this LKPD accommodates diverse learning characteristics (kinesthetic, visual, audio-visual) to improve cognitive outcomes and create interactive, meaningful learning experiences.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing dengan Teknik Scaffolding untuk Meningkatkan Penalaran Ilmiah Siswa pada Materi Fluida Statis
Scientific reasoning plays a crucial role in addressing globalization and solving various problems. However, students’ scientific reasoning skills are often still relatively weak and need to be improved. This study aims to determine the improvement in students’ scientific reasoning following the implementation of a guided inquiry learning model with scaffolding techniques on the topic of static fluids, and to assess students’ responses to learning that employs this approach. This study employed a quantitative approach with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with a sample size of 32 students from the same class. Students’ scientific reasoning was measured using a test instrument consisting of 12 two-tier multiple-choice questions. The research data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, N-Gain calculations, and Rosenthal’s “r” effect size calculations. The results indicated a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores. The calculated N-Gain score was 0.73, indicating a high-level improvement in students’ scientific reasoning. This indicates that an overall improvement in students’ scientific reasoning, as well as improvements for each indicator, was observed following the implementation of this learning model. The effect size calculation yielded a value of 0.85, which falls into the “high” category. This indicates that the intervention was effective in improving students’ scientific reasoning skills. In addition, students’ responses to the learning process also showed positive results. Based on these findings, the guided inquiry model using scaffolding techniques can be considered an option for implementation in physics instruction and as an alternative solution for developing students’ scientific reasoning.
Upaya Meningkatkan Penguasaan Konsep Fisika Materi Usaha dan Energi Menggunakan Media PhET Simulation (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas di Kelas X)
This Classroom Action Research (CAR) aims to improve the mastery of physics concepts of Work and Energy material for class XH students through the Discovery Learning model assisted by PhET Simulation media. The main problem in this study is the low mastery of concepts due to conventional learning and limited physical laboratory facilities. Through three cycles of action with the Kurt Lewin model on 36 students, the results of the study showed a linear increase in the class average score from 64.44 (pretest) to 81.51 (cycle III). The percentage of classical completeness also increased significantly from 38.89% to 100.00% at the end of the cycle. The decrease in the standard deviation to 6.42 proves the reduction in the gap in understanding between students. It is concluded that the integration of PhET Simulation with the Discovery Learning model is effective in visualizing abstract concepts, encouraging independent exploration, and optimizing students' cognitive learning outcomes.
Pengembangan E-Modul Berbantuan Heyzine Flipbook pada Materi Aku dan Kebutuhanku
Science and social studies (IPAS) instruction in Grade IV-A of SDN Cimpaeun 3, Depok City, still relies mainly on printed textbooks, while the use of digital technology remains limited, resulting in suboptimal student engagement and learning outcomes. This study aims to develop, validate, and test the effectiveness of a Heyzine Flipbook-assisted e-module on the topic of "Aku dan Kebutuhanku" (Me and My Needs) to improve elementary students' learning outcomes. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The subjects consisted of one media expert, one linguist, one material expert, one fourth-grade teacher, and 26 fourth-grade students of SDN Cimpaeun 3, Depok City. Data were collected through observation, interviews, validation questionnaires, response questionnaires, and pretest-posttest scores, then analyzed using qualitative descriptive and quantitative techniques. The results show that the e-module achieved a "Very Feasible" category, with validation scores of 94.67% from the media expert, 100% from the linguist, 96% from the lecturer material expert, and 98.67% from the teacher material expert. Teacher response reached 96% and student response 88.46%, both categorized as "Very Good". The product's effectiveness was demonstrated by an increase in students' average scores from 67.50 in the pretest to 93.08 in the posttest, with an N-Gain value of 0.79 (high category). These findings confirm that the Heyzine Flipbook-assisted e-module is feasible, practical, and effective as a digital teaching material for IPAS learning in elementary schools.
Pengembangan Buku Ajar Pendamping Digital Materi Mengenali Letak Kota/Kabupaten dan Provinsi Tempat Tinggal pada Peserta Didik Kelas IV SDN Banyuajuh 3 Bangkalan
This research produces a product in the form of a digital companion textbook on the material of recognizing the location of the district/city and province of residence. The development model used is 4D. The objectives of this research are, (1) Developing a valid digital companion textbook based on expert validation questionnaires, (2) Developing an attractive digital companion textbook based on teacher response questionnaires and student response questionnaires, (3) Developing an effective digital companion textbook based on teacher observation sheets, student observation sheets, and student learning outcomes. The results of the study show that the digital companion textbook was declared very valid by the four experts with a percentage of 88.75%. The attractiveness of the digital companion textbook is proven by the results of the teacher response questionnaire which received a percentage of 100% and the results of the student response questionnaire of 91.5%, so it is declared very attractive. The effectiveness of the companion textbook is proven by the teacher observation sheet which received a percentage of 98.75%, student observation of 92%, student learning outcomes of 89.5% with classical completeness of 100%, so it is declared effective. Based on these results, the digital companion textbook is able to help students SDN Banyuajuh 3 understand material that was previously general in nature in the main learning source.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar E-Book Menggunakan Flip Builder untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep pada Materi Bumi Berubah
This study addressed the low conceptual understanding of fifth-grade students at SDN Ciherang 3, Cianjur Regency, on the IPAS topic of Earth Changes. Although various digital teaching media have been developed for elementary science instruction, few have specifically been designed to overcome students' conceptual understanding difficulties through interactive, multimedia-based e-books. It aimed to develop, assess the feasibility of, and evaluate the effectiveness of a Flip Builder-based e-book in improving students’ conceptual understanding. Using the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model, the study involved 27 fifth-grade students. Data were collected through observations, interviews, validation questionnaires, response questionnaires, and pre-test and post-test assessments. The results showed that the e-book was highly feasible, receiving validation scores of 98% from the media expert and 100% from the language and material experts. It was also highly practical, with positive responses from students (96.9%) and teachers (100%). Students’ average scores increased from 65.05 on the pre-test to 89.35 on the post-test, with an N-Gain score of 0.76, indicating high effectiveness. These findings demonstrate that the Flip Builder-based e-book is feasible, practical, and effective in enhancing students’ conceptual understanding of Earth Changes.
Pengembangan E-Modul Menggunakan Genially untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar pada Materi Tradisi dan Budaya Masyarakat di Sekitarku
The use of digital teaching materials at SDN Bantarkemang 6 is still limited and lacks variety, causing students to experience difficulties in understanding the topic of Traditions and Culture of the Surrounding Community, resulting in low learning outcomes. This study aimed to develop a Genially-based E-Module on this topic and determine its validity, practicality, and effectiveness in improving students' learning outcomes. The study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE development model. The participants were 27 fourth-grade students of Class IV B at SDN Bantarkemang 6. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. The validation scores were 93,33% from the media expert, 100% from the material expert, and 92% from the language expert, with an average of 95.11%, categorized as very valid. Student and teacher responses were 89.09% and 100%, respectively, with an average of 94.54%, categorized as very practical. The product's effectiveness was indicated by an N-Gain score of 0.77, categorized as high. Therefore, the Genially-based E-Module was found to be very valid, very practical, and effective in improving students' learning outcomes.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas X MAN 1 Sleman
This study aimed to determine the effect of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model on the mathematics learning outcomes of tenth-grade students at MAN 1 Sleman and to compare its effectiveness with conventional learning. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a Non-equivalent Control Group Design. The sample consisted of 72 students, divided into an experimental class (36 students) and a control class (36 students), selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a validated and reliable essay test on statistics. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality and homogeneity tests, paired samples t-test, independent samples t-test, and Cohen's d effect size analysis. The results revealed a significant improvement in students' mathematics learning outcomes after the implementation of the CTL model. The independent samples t-test showed a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. In addition, the effect size analysis produced a Cohen's d value of 0.87, which falls into the large category, indicating that the CTL model had a strong practical effect on improving students' mathematics learning outcomes. These findings suggest that the CTL model is an effective alternative learning strategy for promoting meaningful, contextual, and student-centered mathematics learning.
Implementasi Model PEMIKAT dalam Meningkatkan Aktivitas, Berpikir Kritis, Kerjasama, dan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Pancasila Siswa
Low levels of student learning activity, critical thinking skills, collaborative skills, and learning outcomes constitute issues that need to be addressed through the implementation of innovative learning models. One viable alternative is the PEMIKAT model, which integrates Problem-Based Learning and the "Make a Match" technique. This study aims to describe teacher activity and analyze student activity, critical thinking skills, collaborative skills, and learning outcomes. The study employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model, comprising the stages of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. It was conducted over four sessions with 12 third-grade students at SDN Benua Anyar 3, Banjarmasin. Data were collected through observation, tests, and documentation, and subsequently analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive techniques. The results indicate that teacher activity met the "excellent" criterion; student activity reached the category where nearly all students were highly active; critical thinking and collaborative skills reached the category where nearly all students were proficient; and learning outcomes across the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains achieved classical mastery. Thus, the implementation of the PEMIKAT model effectively enhances the quality of Pancasila Education instruction by fostering active, collaborative, meaningful, and student-centered learning.
Pemanfaatan Teknologi Artificial Intalligance Berbasis Google Gemini untuk Meningkatkan Kemandirian dan Motivasi Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Bola Basket Kelas XI SMAN 2 Mataram
This study aimed to examine the effect of utilizing Google Gemini-based Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology on students' learning independence and motivation in Grade XI basketball learning at SMAN 2 Mataram. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a posttest-only control group design. The research sample consisted of 60 students, divided equally into an experimental group and a control group, with 30 students in each group. Data were collected using learning independence and learning motivation questionnaires and analyzed through descriptive statistics, normality tests, homogeneity tests, and an Independent Samples t-test using IBM SPSS Statistics. The results revealed that the experimental group achieved a higher mean score for learning independence (56.87) than the control group (46.00), with a significance value of 0.004 (p < 0.05). Similarly, the experimental group obtained a higher mean score for learning motivation (63.70) than the control group (52.43), with a significance value of <0.001 (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that the use of Google Gemini has a significant positive effect on improving students' learning independence and motivation in basketball learning. Therefore, Google Gemini can serve as an innovative learning medium to support more active, independent, and student-centered physical education learning.
Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan PhET Simulasi terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Fisika Peserta Didik
This study aimed to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by PhET Simulasi on improving students’ critical thinking skills in physics. The study employed a quasi-experimental method using a non-equivalent control group design. The sample consisted of 33 students from Class XI IPA 2 as the experimental group and 32 students from Class XI IPA 3 as the control group at SMAN 7 Mataram during the 2025/2026 academic year. The research instrument was an essay test designed to measure critical thinking skills and had met the validity, reliability difficulty level and discrimination power requirements. Data were collected through pretests and posttests and analyzed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, independent sample t-tests, and N-Gain analysis. The results showed that the mean pretest scores of the experimental and control groups were 40.91 and 38.86, respectively, while the mean posttest scores were 85.51 and 77.82. The normality test indicated that the posttest data of both the experimental group were 3.3844 and the control group were 3.8180) were normally distributed because < were 11.070. The homogeneity test showed that the variances of both groups were homogeneous with = 1.7402 < = 1.810. The hypothesis testing using the pooled variance t-test revealed that = 3.79 > = 1.998, indicating that the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis was accepted. Furthermore, the N-Gain score of the experimental group was 0.755 in the high category, while that of the control group was 0.637 in the medium category. These findings indicate that the implementation of the Problem Based Learning model assisted by PhET Simulasi has a significant positive effect on improving students’ critical thinking skills in physics on wave material.
Pengembangan Modul Ajar Mata Pelajaran IPAS Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Suku Sasak Kelas IV SDN 02 Sembalun Bumbung
The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum requires teachers to develop contextual learning resources that accommodate students' characteristics and local potential. However, the teaching modules used in science and social studies (IPAS) learning at SDN 02 Sembalun Bumbung had not integrated the local wisdom of the Sasak ethnic group, resulting in less meaningful learning experiences for students. This study aimed to develop a local wisdom-based IPAS teaching module for fourth-grade students and determine its validity and practicality. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the Four-D (4D) development model, consisting of the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The research subjects were 27 fourth-grade students of SDN 02 Sembalun Bumbung. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires, while the research instruments consisted of material expert validation sheets, media expert validation sheets, teacher response questionnaires, and student response questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative and quantitative techniques. The results indicated that the developed teaching module obtained a validity score of 87.5% from the material expert (valid category) and 91.4% from the media expert (very valid category). Furthermore, the practicality assessment showed a teacher response score of 91.3% and a student response score of 91.1%, both classified as very practical. These findings indicate that the Sasak local wisdom-based IPAS teaching module is valid and practical for use in fourth-grade elementary school learning.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Radec untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Membaca Pemahaman Siswa Kelas IV SDN 1 Mantup
The low reading comprehension skills of fourth grade students at SDN 1 Mantup were caused by the use of conventional teacher-centered learning methods, resulting in students being less active during the learning process. This study aimed to implement the RADEC (Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, Create) learning model to improve the reading comprehension skills of fourth grade students at SDN 1 Mantup. This study used Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles. Data were collected through teacher activity observation sheets, student activity observation sheets, and reading comprehension tests.The results showed that the implementation of the RADEC learning model was able to improve the reading comprehension skills of fourth grade students at SDN 1 Mantup. This improvement could be seen from the increase in teacher activities, student activities, and students’ reading comprehension results in each cycle. Teacher activity in cycle 1 reached 51% and increased to 93% in cycle 2. Student activity in cycle 1 reached 58% and increased to 93% in cycle 2. In addition, students’ reading comprehension skills improved from 40% in cycle 1 to 86% in cycle 2. Therefore, the RADEC learning model was effective in improving the reading comprehension skills of fourth grade students at SDN 1 Mantup.
Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif IPAS Tema Pelestarian Lingkungan Kelas IV UPTD SDN Demangan 1 Bangkalan
This study aimed to examine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on students’ cognitive learning outcomes in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) on the topic of Environmental Conservation among fourth-grade students at UPTD SDN Demangan 1 Bangkalan. IPAS learning in elementary schools is still largely dominated by lecture-based instruction with limited use of learning media, resulting in teacher-centered learning and suboptimal cognitive learning outcomes. This study employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental method with a one-group pretest–posttest design. The sample consisted of 36 fourth-grade students in class IV-A. Data were collected through tests, observations, and questionnaires. The test instrument was examined for validity, reliability, item difficulty, and discrimination index. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed a Z value of −5.130 and an Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value of < 0.001, which was lower than the significance level of 0.05. Therefore, the null hypothesis (H₀) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Hₐ) was accepted. These findings indicate that the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model had a significant positive effect on students’ cognitive learning outcomes in IPAS.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Deep Learning untuk Menikatkan Minat Belajar Siswa Kelas V Di SDN Inpres Sanolo
Learning interest is one of the important factors that influence students' success in the learning process, particularly in mathematics. However, in reality, students' interest in mathematics is still relatively low because many students perceive mathematics as a difficult and boring subject. This condition causes students to be less active and less enthusiastic in participating in learning activities. This study aimed to determine the effect of Deep Learning-based mathematics instruction on the learning interest of fifth-grade students at SDN Inpres Sanolo. The study employed a quantitative approach using an experimental method with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The research sample consisted of 15 students selected using the total sampling technique, in which all members of the population are included as research participants. Since the study involved only 15 fifth-grade students, all students were used as the sample. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation. The data were analyzed using the Paired Sample t-Test. The results showed that the implementation of Deep Learning-based mathematics instruction was able to improve students' learning interest. The average learning interest score increased from 48.3 in the pretest to 81.3 in the posttest. The results of the Paired Sample t-Test indicated a significance value of less than 0.001, meaning that there was a significant effect of Deep Learning-based mathematics instruction on students' learning interest. Furthermore, the N-Gain analysis result of 75% indicated a moderately effective category. Therefore, it can be concluded that Deep Learning-based mathematics instruction has a positive and significant effect on improving the learning interest of fifth-grade students at SDN Inpres Sanolo.
Validity of an Interactive STEM-Based E-Book on Science Material to Train Students Digital Literacy Skills
Digital technology development requires prospective elementary school teachers to possess adequate digital literacy competencies to design twenty-first-century learning effectively. One learning medium that can facilitate this competency is an interactive electronic book integrating Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). This study aimed to describe the validity of a STEM-based interactive e-book on science learning designed to foster digital literacy skills among undergraduate students. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the Four-D (4D) development model consisting of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. This article focuses on the Develop stage, particularly expert validation. Validation data were collected using material and media validation sheets with a four-point rating scale. Data were analyzed descriptively by calculating the average score for each validation aspect. The results indicated that the interactive e-book achieved an average score of 3.89 from the material expert, categorized as very valid, while the media expert evaluation resulted in an average score of 3.44, also categorized as very valid. The highest scores were obtained in material suitability, completeness, and language quality, while the media aspects demonstrated excellent visual design, interactivity, usability, and STEM integration. Therefore, the developed STEM-based interactive e-book is considered feasible for use as a learning medium to foster digital literacy skills among prospective elementary school teachers
Pengaruh Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Berbantuan Permainan Sciwallplay terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas III di SDN 44 Ampenan
The use of conventional learning models (teacher-centered) which is still dominant and the minimal use of interactive digital media causes the learning motivation of class III students at SDN 44 Ampenan to be relatively low. This study aimed to determine the effect of using a cooperative learning model assisted by Sciwallplay Games on the learning motivation of third-grade students at SDN 44 Ampenan. The research employed a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, involving 51 students of SDN 44 Ampenan, consisting of 25 students from Class III B (experimental group) and 26 students from Class III A (control group). Data were collected using a questionnaire to measure students' learning motivation. The results of the two independent sample t-test on the learning motivation questionnaire showed a significance value of 0.024, then Sig. (2-tailed) < 0.05 so it can be concluded that the use of the cooperative learning model assisted by Sciwallplay Games has a positive effect on increasing the learning motivation of third-grade students at SDN 44 Ampenan, which is shown through increased student activity, interest, and enthusiasm in participating in learning.
Pengaruh Penerapan Media Assemblr Edu terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Kelas VIII SMPN 2 Pattallassang Kabupaten Gowa
This study aimed to determine the effect of implementing Assemblr Edu media on science learning outcomes of eighth-grade students at SMPN 2 Pattallassang, Gowa Regency. This study employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental method with a One Group Pretest–Posttest Design. The sample consisted of 31 students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, tests, and documentation. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The results showed an improvement in students’ learning outcomes after the implementation of Assemblr Edu media. The average pretest score increased from 65 to 88 in the posttest. In addition, students’ learning activities improved during the learning process. The findings indicate that the implementation of Assemblr Edu media had a positive effect on science learning outcomes of eighth-grade students at SMPN 2 Pattallassang, Gowa Regency.
Pengaruh Pendekatan Problem Solving terhadap Kreativitas Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas XI Man 1 Sleman
This study aims to examine the effect of a problem-solving approach on students' mathematical learning creativity at MAN 1 Sleman, while comparing its efficacy against conventional teaching methods in the context of Function Transformation topics. Employing a quantitative approach, this study adopted a pretest-posttest control group experimental design. Data were gathered using a test instrument specifically designed to measure students' mathematical learning creativity. The collected data were then analyzed using paired-sample t-tests and independent-sample t-tests at a 5% significance level. The findings indicate that the problem-solving approach significantly influences the mathematical learning creativity of Grade XI students at MAN 1 Sleman when studying Function Transformations. This significant impact is demonstrated by a substantial increase in the mean creativity score from 13.33 to 19.57, yielding a significance value of Sig. < 0.05. Conversely, the conventional method did not yield a statistically significant effect on students' learning creativity. Furthermore, although the independent-sample t-test results revealed no statistically significant direct difference between the two methods (Sig. > 0.05) the problem-solving approach practically demonstrated a superior internal impact. This is evidenced by a far higher total increase in the mean creativity score (6.24) compared to that generated by the conventional method (0.73).
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Berbantuan Media Wordwall terhadap Hasil Belajar IPAS Siswa Kelas IV di SDN 4 Kuranji
This study was motivated by the low science learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at SDN 4 Kuranji, which were attributed to low learning motivation and limited student engagement due to the lack of variety in instructional media and the limited integration of technology in the learning process. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model assisted by Wordwall media on students' science learning outcomes in the topic "States of Matter and Their Changes." This research employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental research design with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample was selected using a saturated sampling technique, involving all members of the population as participants, namely all 30 fourth-grade students at SDN 4 Kuranji. Data were collected through achievement tests, classroom observations, and teacher and student response questionnaires, and were analyzed using a paired-sample t-test. The results revealed that the calculated t-value (16.203) was higher than the critical t-value (2.045). In addition, the significance value (2-tailed) was < .001, which was lower than the significance level of 0.05. Therefore, the null hypothesis (H₀) was rejected, while the alternative hypothesis (Hₐ) was accepted. These findings indicate that the implementation of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model assisted by Wordwall media, which has rarely been applied to the topic of States of Matter and Their Changes, can serve as an innovative alternative for improving elementary school students' science learning outcomes. Furthermore, the findings highlight the importance of employing interactive, technology-assisted learning models to enhance students' motivation, encourage active participation in the learning process, and create meaningful learning experiences.
Pengaruh Media Powerpoint Interaktif Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep IPA Materi Cahaya dan Sifatnya Pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN 1 Peresak
This research is motivated by the science learning process in elementary schools that still uses conventional methods and the use of interactive technology-based learning media has not been optimal. This condition causes fourth grade students of SDN 1 Peresak to have difficulties in understanding abstract science materials, especially in light materials and their properties. Therefore, this study aims to determine the influence of the use of interactive PowerPoint media on light materials and their properties on the understanding of science concepts of grade IV students of SDN 1 Peresak. The research method used is a quantitative approach of the type of pre-experimental design with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The research sample amounted to 23 grade IV students of SDN 1 Peresak who were selected using saturated sampling techniques. Data collection was carried out through multiple-choice objective test instruments (pretest and posttest), observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis tests using Paired Sample t-Test analysis. The results of the study showed an increase in students' understanding of concepts with an average score increasing from 40.22 in the pretest to 67.39 in the posttest. The results of the hypothesis test obtained a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.000 which is smaller than 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05). Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the use of interactive PowerPoint media has a positive and significant effect on the understanding of the concept of light matter science and its properties in grade IV students of SDN 1 Peresak.
Analisis Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMA melalui Pendekatan Deep Learning ditinjau dari Kecerdasan Logis Matematis
Mathematical critical thinking represents a foundational competency that demands deliberate cultivation within mathematics education, with logical-mathematical intelligence frequently cited as a key underlying factor. This study aimed to analyze and describe the profile of students' mathematical critical thinking skills under a Deep Learning framework, specifically looking at variations in their logical-mathematical intelligence when solving probability concepts. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative design, this inquiry involved 31 tenth-grade students at SMA Darul Ulum Sugio. From this cohort, six subjects were selected via purposive sampling—comprising two students each from high, moderate, and low intelligence levels—based on their logical-mathematical intelligence scores. Data collection was instrumented through a diagnostic questionnaire, a customized critical thinking test, and semi-structured interviews. The empirical results demonstrated that students with high logical-mathematical intelligence successfully satisfied all critical thinking criteria. Meanwhile, those in the moderate category met three distinct indicators, whereas students with low logical-mathematical intelligence only managed to satisfy the elementary clarification stage. These outcomes suggest that a more pronounced level of logical-mathematical intelligence yields substantially better mathematical critical thinking performance when engaging with probability tasks within a Deep Learning environment.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Buku Cerita Rakyat Berbasis Digital terhadap Membaca Pemahaman Murid Kelas IV SDN 1 Puyung dan SDN 2 Puyung
This study was motivated by the low reading comprehension skills of elementary school students, particularly in understanding the content of texts, identifying main ideas, and retelling the content of texts. One alternative to address this issue is the use of digital-based folk tale books, which present reading material in a more engaging and interactive manner. This study aims to determine the effect of using digital-based folk tale books on the reading comprehension of fourth-grade students at SDN 1 Puyung and SDN 2 Puyung. This study employs a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The research sample consisted of 70 students, comprising 37 students in the experimental class and 33 students in the control class. Data collection was conducted through tests and observations, while data analysis utilized normality tests, homogeneity tests, N-Gain tests, and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed that the use of digital-based folk tale books had a significant effect on students’ reading comprehension, as indicated by an Asymp.Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.012, which is less than 0.05 (0.012 < 0.05); therefore, H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. In addition, the average N-Gain score for the experimental class was 0.5075, categorized as moderate, while that for the control class was 0.2110, categorized as low. Thus, the use of digita-based folklore books is quite effective in developing elementary school students' reading comprehension skills.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar IPAS Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Suku Mbojo untuk Materi “Indonesiaku Kaya Budaya” Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
The development of teaching materials in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) learning requires a contextual approach to help students understand material on cultural diversity. This study aims to develop teaching materials based on the local wisdom of the Mbojo Tribe for IPAS Chapter 6 “My Indonesia is Rich in Culture” for grade IV students of SDN Inpres 1 Wora, and to determine their validity and practicality. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The subjects of this study were 23 grade IV students of SDN Inpres 1 Wora, consisting of 8 students in the small-group trial and 15 students in the large-group trial, along with one classroom teacher. Data were collected using interviews, observation, and questionnaires, comprising a material-expert validation questionnaire, a media-expert validation questionnaire, a teacher-response questionnaire, and a student-response questionnaire. Quantitative data were analyzed using the percentage formula P = (Σx/Σxi) × 100%, while qualitative data in the form of suggestions from the validators were analyzed descriptively as a basis for product revision. The resulting product is a full-color printed book integrating IPAS material with the local wisdom of the Mbojo Tribe, covering customs (Uma Lengge, Rimpu, Genda), traditional games (Mpa'a Gantao, Mpa'a Ndempa Ndiha), and traditional foods (Mangge Mada, Uta Palumara Londe). Validation results show the teaching material is in the very valid category, with a media-expert score of 97% and a material-expert score of 96%. It is also very practical, based on student responses in the small-group (95%) and large-group (96%) trials, and teacher responses (100%). The teaching material is therefore considered suitable for grade IV IPAS learning and contributes to the preservation of local culture.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Video Animasi pada Materi Tumbuhan Sumber Kehidupan di Bumi Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
This research aims to determine the validity and practicality of animated video-based learning media on the topic of Plants as Sources of Life on Earth for fourth-grade elementary school students. The research used the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE development model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The research was conducted at SD Negeri 1 Darek with five students in the small-group trial and fifteen students in the large-group trial. The instruments included material expert validation questionnaires, media expert validation questionnaires, student response questionnaires, and teacher response questionnaires. Data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results showed that the learning media obtained a media expert validity score of 90.83% and a material expert validity score of 96.58%, both categorized as very valid. The practicality test showed student response percentages of 90.62% in the small-group trial and 86.04% in the large-group trial, while the teacher response reached 92.5%, all categorized as very practical. Therefore, the animated video-based learning media met the criteria of being very valid and very practical, making it suitable for use in the learning process.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar “Modul Pembelajaran” IPAS Berbasis Saintifik pada Materi “Energi dan Perubahannya” untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Energi Siswa Kelas IV SDN 1 Gontoran
Fourth-grade students were selected as the research subjects because they are in the concrete operational stage and therefore require teaching materials that are engaging, contextual, and tailored to their characteristics. The topic of energy and its transformations was chosen because it is an component of IPAS that students often struggle to understand, particularly when it comes identifying the forms and transformations of energy. This study aims to produce a valid, practical, and effective science-based IPAS learning module to improve students’ understanding of energy concepts. This study employed the (R&D) method using the ADDIE development model. The results showed that the module’s validity was very high, with 89,23% validity rating from media experts and a 94,11% validity rating from content experts. The practicality level in the small-group test achieved a percentage of 77,7% meeting the “practical” criterion, while the large-group test achieved a percentage of 83,43% meeting the “highly practical” criterion: teacher feedback also achieved a percentage of 97,9% meeting the “highly practical” criterion. The N-Gain result was 0,5686 (56.8579%), meeting the “effective” criterion. Therefore, the science-based IPAS learning module teaching materials are valid, practical, and effective for improving the understanding of energy concepts among fourth-grade students at SDN 1 Gontoran.
Pengaruh Pengetahuan Keuangan terhadap Kesejahteraan Keuangan dengan Perilaku Keuangan sebagai Variabel Mediasi (Studi Kasus pada Mahasiswa S1 Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis Universitas Negeri Surabaya)
Student financial well-being is a crucial aspect supporting quality of life and future financial readiness. This study aims to analyze the influence of financial knowledge on studnt financial well-being, with financial behavior serving as a mediating variable. A quantitative research design with an explanatory approach was employed, utilizing proportionate stratified random sampling to select a sample of 128 students. The independent variable is financial knowledge, the mediating variable is financial behavior, and the dependent variable is student financial well-being. Data were collected via questionnaires developed based on indicators for each variable. Hypothesis testing was conducted using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS version 25 software. The results indicate that financial knowledge does not have a significant effect on financial behavior or student financial well-being; conversely, financial behavior has a positive and significant effect on student financial well-being.
Pengaruh Media Video Animasi Fabel terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Cerita Fabel Siswa Kelas II UPTD SDN Keleyan 1 Socah
This research is motivated by the low ability to read fable comprehension stories of second-grade students of UPTD SDN Keleyan 1 Socah. This study aims to determine the effect of using animated fable video media on the ability to read fable comprehension stories of second-grade students of UPTD SDN Keleyan 1 Socah. The study used a quantitative approach with the Quasi Experimental Design method through the Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The study population was all second-grade students consisting of class IIA as the control class of 15 students and class IIB as the experimental class of 16 students. Data collection techniques used tests in the form of pretest and posttest. The research instrument has met the requirements of validity and reliability with a pretest Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.741 and a posttest of 0.743. Data analysis was carried out using normality tests, homogeneity tests, and Independent Samples t-test hypothesis tests with the help of SPSS version 23. The results showed that the average posttest score of the experimental class was 83.75 higher than the control class of 68.00. The results of the hypothesis test obtained a Sig. value. (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05, so H₀ is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus, there is a significant effect of the use of animated fable video media on the reading comprehension skills of second-grade students at the UPTD SDN Keleyan 1 Socah. Animated fable video media has been proven to improve students' comprehension of reading content through the presentation of interesting, interactive, and easy-to-understand material.
Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan PowerPoint Interaktif terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Peserta Didik Kelas V SDN 50 Cakranegara
The mathematical problem-solving ability of fifth-grade students at SDN 50 Cakranegara was still relatively low, as indicated by the preliminary observation showing that 13 out of 26 students in Class Vb were unable to solve mathematical problem-solving tasks accurately. This condition was presumed to be influenced by teacher-centered learning practices and the limited use of interactive learning media. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by interactive PowerPoint on the mathematical problem-solving ability of fifth-grade students at SDN 50 Cakranegara. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a Non-Equivalent Control Group Design involving 53 students (27 in the experimental class and 26 in the control class), selected through total sampling. The data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, Levene’s test for homogeneity, and hypothesis testing. Since three out of four datasets were not normally distributed, the hypothesis was tested using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test. The results showed a significance value of < 0.001 (< 0.05), indicating that the null hypothesis (H₀) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Hₐ) was accepted. Furthermore, the experimental group achieved a higher mean post-test score (49.85) than the control group (18.92). These findings suggest that integrating the Problem Based Learning model with interactive PowerPoint provides an effective instructional framework for enhancing the mathematical problem-solving ability of elementary school students, who are generally in the concrete operational stage of cognitive development.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Berbantuan Wayground Paper Mode dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPAS Siswa Kelas V SDN 28 Cakranegara
This study aimed to determine the effect of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model assisted by Wayground Paper Mode on improving the science and social studies (IPAS) learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at 28th Cakranegara State Elementary School in the 2025/2026 academic year. This study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population consisted of all fifth-grade students at 28th Cakranegara State Elementary School. The sample was selected using a saturated sampling technique, with Class VA serving as the experimental group and Class VB as the control group. The research instrument was a learning outcomes test in the form of multiple-choice questions that measured the cognitive indicators of remembering, understanding, applying, and analyzing. Data were collected through tests and observations. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, Levene’s Test of homogeneity, the Independent Samples t-Test for hypothesis testing, and the N-Gain test with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics 25.The results of the hypothesis test showed a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05, indicating that H₀ was rejected and Hₐ was accepted. In addition, the mean posttest score of the experimental group was 83.48, which was higher than that of the control group at 73.00. These findings indicate that the use of the TGT cooperative learning model assisted by Wayground Paper Mode had a significant effect on the IPAS learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at 28th Cakranegara State Elementary School.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Story Cube Berbasis Teks Narasi terhadap Membaca Pemahaman Siswa Kelas IV SDN 24 Cakranegara
Reading comprehension is one of the fundamental skills that elementary school students need to master, particularly in the fourth grade, as it plays a crucial role in understanding narrative texts. This study was motivated by the low reading comprehension ability of fourth-grade students at SDN 24 Cakranegara in comprehending narrative texts, as indicated by preliminary observations and an initial test with an average score of 63, as well as the use of conventional teaching methods with limited implementation of innovative learning media. This study aimed to determine the effect of using story cube media based on narrative texts on the reading comprehension ability of fourth-grade students at SDN 24 Cakranegara. The study employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental method with a One-Group Pretest–Posttest Design. The research involved 24 students, of whom 19 with complete data were included in the final analysis. Data were collected using a validated reading comprehension test instrument, which was evaluated by two experts and obtained an average validity score of 89% (categorized as highly feasible). The collected data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, followed by the Paired Sample t-test and N-Gain analysis. The hypothesis test revealed a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that the use of story cube media had a statistically significant effect on students' reading comprehension ability. This finding was supported by the increase in the mean score from 62.32 on the pretest to 75.26 on the posttest. Furthermore, the N-Gain score of 0.3295 was classified as a moderate improvement. Therefore, the null hypothesis (H₀) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Hₐ) was accepted, indicating that the use of narrative text-based story cube media significantly improved the reading comprehension ability of fourth-grade students at SDN 24 Cakranegara.
Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Berbasis Canva untuk Meningkatkan Kreativitas Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Informatika di SMA
The rapid development of digital technology has encouraged the use of interactive learning media to support students' creativity as one of the essential 21st-century skills. However, the learning process in Informatics at SMAN 1 Donggo is still dominated by lecture-based instruction, and the use of digital learning media has not been optimized, resulting in students' creativity not being fully developed. This study aimed to analyze the effect of Canva-based interactive learning media on students' creativity in Informatics at SMAN 1 Donggo, Bima Regency. This research employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The sample consisted of 56 students, including 28 students in the experimental class and 28 students in the control class, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a creativity questionnaire that had met validity and reliability requirements. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, normality test, homogeneity test, Mann–Whitney U test, and N-Gain analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics. The results showed that the mean creativity score of the experimental class increased from 59.29 to 86.79, while the control class increased from 49.82 to 54.82. The experimental class achieved an N-Gain score of 67.08% (moderate to high category), whereas the control class obtained 16.20% (low category). The Mann–Whitney U test yielded a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, Canva-based interactive learning media were proven to have a significant and effective impact on improving students' creativity in Informatics and can serve as an alternative learning medium to support 21st-century education.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi Konten pada Materi Buku Fiksi dan Nonfiksi Kelas VII.8 dalam Meningkatkan Hasil belajar di SMPN 1 Masbagik
The implementation of differentiated instruction has become an essential strategy for accommodating students' diverse learning needs while supporting the principles of Deep Learning in the Merdeka Curriculum. This study aimed to improve the learning out-comes of seventh-grade students on fiction and non-fiction book materials through the implementation of content differentiation at SMP Negeri 1 Masbagik. The study em-ployed Classroom Action Research (CAR) consisting of two cycles, with each cycle in-cluding the stages of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The participants were 32 students of class VII.8. Data were collected through observation, learning achievement tests, and documentation, and were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualita-tive techniques. The findings revealed a consistent improvement in students' learning outcomes after implementing differentiated content instruction. The average learning score increased from 68 in the pre-action stage to 78 in Cycle I and further improved to 88 in Cycle II. Likewise, learning mastery increased from 59% in the pre-action stage to 78% in Cycle I and reached 91% in Cycle II. The implementation of differentiated content in-struction also enhanced students' participation, confidence, collaboration, and engage-ment during the learning process. These findings indicate that content differentiation effectively accommodates students' learning readiness and creates meaningful, active, and enjoyable learning experiences aligned with the principles of Deep Learning. There-fore, differentiated content instruction can be considered an effective learning strategy for improving students' achievement in learning fiction and non-fiction texts at the junior secondary school level.
Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Berbasis Aplikasi Superzat pada Siswa Kelas IV di SDN Sidodadi 1/153 Surabaya
This study was motivated by students' low understanding and learning outcomes in the topic of the states of matter and their changes, which were attributed to teacher-centered instruction dominated by lecture methods and the limited use of technology-based interactive learning media. As a result, students tended to be less actively engaged and easily became bored during the learning process. This study aimed to develop Superzat, an application-based interactive multimedia learning medium that is valid, effective, and practical. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE development model, which consists of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The development process included: (1) analysis of learning outcomes, student characteristics, and learning media needs; (2) design of the multimedia product; (3) development of the product followed by expert validation and empirical validation of the test instruments. The validation results showed scores of 81% from the media expert, 89% from the subject matter expert, 90% from the instructional design expert, and 93% from the language expert, indicating that the product was highly feasible. During the implementation stage, the multimedia was evaluated for its effectiveness and practicality. The results showed that teacher activity reached 100%, while student activity reached 95.87%. In addition, the Superzat interactive multimedia was categorized as highly practical, with teacher and student response rates of 96.25% and 93.33%, respectively. The improvement in students' learning outcomes was demonstrated by an average N-Gain score of 87%, which falls into the high category. Therefore, the Superzat application-based interactive multimedia is considered suitable for use as an elementary science (IPAS) learning medium for teaching the topic of the states of matter and their changes.
Pengembangan Laboratorium Virtual untuk Mata Pelajaran IPAS Materi Gaya Kelas IV SDN Wonokusumo IV/43 Surabaya
This study aims to: (1) determine ”he validity of the Virtual Laboratory media; (2) Determine the effectiveness of the Virtual Laboratory media; and (3) determine the Attractiveness of the Virtual Laboratory media. This research is a type of R&D (Research and Development) whichh consists of 5 stages, namely analysis, design, Development, implementation, and evaluation. Based on expert assessments, the Average validity percentage obtained Is highly valid. The effectiveness of the virtual Laboratory media is obtained from the student learning mastery results, which Reached 100%. The attractiveness of the virtual laboratory media is obtained from The teacher’s response questionnaire results at 97.5% and the students’ response Questionnaire at 93.75%, placing It in the highly attractive category. Based on the Research results, the virtual laboratory media Is feasible to be used In IPAS learning For 4th-grade students at SDN Wonokusumo IV/43 Surabaya, specifically for Chapter 2 “Force Around Us," with highly vali”, effective, and highly attractive Categories. Many elementary schools face limitations in laboratory facilities and learning media, making it difficult for students to understand abstract science concepts such as force through direct experimentation. Therefore, a virtual laboratory was developed to provide interactive learning experiences and support students in understanding force concepts more effectively. This study aims to: (1) determine the validity of the Virtual Laboratory media; (2) determine the effectiveness of the Virtual Laboratory media; and (3) determine the attractiveness of the Virtual Laboratory media. This research is a type of R&D (Research and Development) which consists of five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation.
Frissenda Septrianur Marinda Karno Putri
Development of STREAM-Based Student Worksheets for Teaching Fluid Dynamics at SMAN 14 Medan
The low learning outcomes of students in dynamic fluid material and the limited use of innovative instructional materials necessitate the development of learning tools that integrate 21st-century skills. This study aims to develop a Student Worksheet based on the STREAM approach that is valid, practical, and effective for Grade XI MIPA students at SMAN 14 Medan. This research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4-D model, consisting of define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The research subjects were 36 students of class XI MIPA 3 at SMAN 14 Medan. The research instruments included expert validation sheets, a teacher response questionnaire using a Likert scale, a student response questionnaire using a Guttman scale, and a pretest-posttest assessment. Data were analyzed using Likert and Guttman scales to determine validity and practicality, and the N-Gain test to measure effectiveness. The results showed that the LKPD was highly valid, obtaining 97.90% from the material expert and 87.78% from the media expert. Practicality results indicated 93.22% from student responses and 100% from the physics teacher, both categorized as highly practical. The effectiveness test showed an N-Gain score of 0.89 (89%), indicating that the LKPD was highly effective. It can be concluded that the developed LKPD meets the criteria of being highly valid, practical, and effective, and can serve as an alternative instructional material in physics learning. Furthermore, it enhances students’ learning outcomes while facilitating critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and interdisciplinary integration through the STREAM approach.
Pengaruh Model Teams Games Tournament Berbantuan Media Flashcard Materi Daerahku Kebanggaanku terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa SDN Kamal 1
This study aimed to examine the effect of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model assisted by flashcard media on students’ learning outcomes in the “Daerahku Kebanggaanku” material at SDN Kamal 1. The study applied a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The participants consisted of 27 fifth-grade students selected through a saturated sampling technique because the entire population was involved in the study. Data were collected through achievement tests, classroom observations, and documentation. The findings revealed a substantial improvement in students’ learning outcomes after the implementation of the TGT learning model. The average pretest score increased from 48.14 before the treatment to 78.88 after the treatment. Statistical analysis using the paired sample t-test showed that the calculated t-value (9.478) exceeded the t-table value (2.056), while the significance value (Sig. 2-tailed = 0.001) was lower than 0.05, indicating a statistically significant difference between pretest and posttest scores. Furthermore, the N-Gain analysis produced a score of 58%, indicating that the learning model was moderately effective in improving students’ achievement. Observation data also supported these findings, showing excellent implementation of the learning process, with teacher activity reaching 100% and student activity reaching 90%. Therefore, the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model assisted by flashcard media significantly improved students’ learning outcomes and provided an effective learning strategy for elementary school social studies content.
Pembelajaran Kolaboratif Berbasis Guided Inquiry melalui Lesson Study pada Materi Listrik Dinamis
Physics learning on dynamic electricity material still faces problems related to low student participation and collaborative skills during the learning process. This study aims to describe the implementation of lesson study in collaborative learning using the guided inquiry model on dynamic electricity material to improve students’ collaborative skills. The study employed a quantitative descriptive approach involving 17 Physics Education students divided into four learning groups. The lesson study activities were carried out through three stages, namely plan, do, and see. The research instrument consisted of an observation sheet of collaborative skills with 15 assessment indicators using a 1–4 scale. The data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive techniques in the form of percentages. The results showed that the average collaborative skill of students reached 71.57% in the good category. The highest indicators were found in helping peers and open communication, while the lowest indicator was providing support to group members. The implementation of the guided inquiry model through practicum activities increased students’ activeness, interaction, and cooperation during the learning process. Therefore, the integration of lesson study and guided inquiry-based collaborative learning is effective in improving students’ collaborative skills in physics learning, especially on dynamic electricity material.
Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran LASTIK dalam Meningkatkan Aktivitas, Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis, Kemampuan Mengemukakan Pendapat, dan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Pancasila Education at the elementary school level should ideally equip students with relevant 21st-century skills, including critical thinking and the ability to express opinions. However, reality indicates that the learning process is still dominated by conventional methods, rendering students passive and unaccustomed to voicing their thoughts during instruction. This study aims to describe and analyze in depth the implementation of the LASTIK learning model—a combination of Problem-Based Learning and Talking Stick—to enhance students' 21st-century skills. Examining this combined model is crucial to addressing the educational gaps observed in the fourth grade of SDN Kuin Utara 1 Banjarmasin. Left unaddressed without appropriate intervention, these issues will not only result in low academic achievement but also hinder students' ability to solve contextual problems. This study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design, utilizing observation, written tests, and documentation as data collection techniques. The findings demonstrated that the development of these five aspects was not isolated but closely interconnected. Optimally executed teacher activities enhanced student engagement, which ultimately contributed to the cultivation of critical thinking skills and an improved ability to express opinions. Consequently, these results led to more optimal learning outcomes. This indicates that the LASTIK model is proven effective in Pancasila Education to comprehensively advance students' knowledge, attitudes, and skills.
Model Pembelajaran PROTAGET untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar dan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas V pada Pembelajaran Matematika
This study aims to analyze the implementation of the PROTAGET learning model in enhancing the learning motivation and critical thinking skills of fifth-grade students during mathematics lessons. The study employed a Classroom Action Research approach based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model, comprising four stages: planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. The research was conducted over four sessions with 33 fifth-grade students at SDN Kuin Cerucuk 3, Banjarmasin. Data were collected through observations and tests covering teacher activity, student activity, learning motivation, critical thinking skills, collaboration skills, and learning outcomes. The data were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods. The results indicate that all observed aspects showed gradual improvement. Teacher activity increased from 82.50% to 92.50%, student activity from 69.70% to 100%, learning motivation from 48.50% to 100%, critical thinking skills from 39.40% to 100%, and collaboration skills from 45.50% to 100%; additionally, the class mastery rate for learning outcomes rose from 57.58% to 100%. These findings demonstrate that the PROTAGET learning model fosters active, collaborative, and student-centered mathematics instruction, making it effective in boosting students' learning motivation and critical thinking skills. Consequently, the PROTAGET learning model serves as a viable alternative for innovative mathematics instruction in primary schools.
Pengembagan Media Pembelajaran Monopoli Pop-Up pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika Materi Bangun Ruang Kelas V Di SDN Mlajah 1 Bangkalan
The pop-up Monopoly is a learning medium in the form of a Monopoly game equipped with several elements such as pop-up books and some cards. The pop-up Monopoly media in mathematics, especially in the subject of spatial shapes, aims to enhance students' enthusiasm in learning every mathematical activity, thereby changing students' perception that mathematics learning is boring and uninteresting. Thus, a new innovation was designed as an effort to develop a concrete medium in the form of a pop-up Monopoly, making learning more engaging and less boring. The purpose of this research is to determine the level of validity, effectiveness, and attractiveness of the pop-up Monopoly media for spatial shapes. This research uses R&D with the ADDIE research model, which includes the stages of Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. This development research uses research instruments in the form of interview guidelines, observation sheets, questionnaires, and tests. The validity of the product was obtained from media expert validators at 92% with a very valid category, learning material experts at 89% with a very valid category, and learning design experts at 93% with a very valid category. The effectiveness of the product was obtained from teacher observation sheets, student observation sheets, and student learning outcome tests. Based on the results of this study, the pop-up monopoly media for spatial building materials is valid, interesting, and effective for use in fifth-grade mathematics classes.
Analisis Kebutuhan Pengembangan Multimedia Pembelajaran IPAS Berbasis Articulate Storyline 3 untuk Penguatan Literasi Sains Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Scientific literacy needs to be strengthened from an early stage because it serves as a fundamental competence for elementary school students to understand natural phenomena logically, critically, and based on evidence. However, science and social studies (IPAS) learning in elementary schools still faces several challenges, particularly in the topic of changes in the states of matter, which is relatively abstract and difficult for students to understand when delivered only through textbooks or verbal explanations. This study aimed to analyze the need for developing IPAS learning multimedia based on Articulate Storyline 3 as a solution to support the enhancement of scientific literacy among elementary school students. The study employed a descriptive approach with a mixed-methods design as the initial analysis stage of the ADDIE development model. The participants consisted of 2 fourth-grade teachers and 40 fourth-grade students from SDN Gayam 2 and SDN Gayam 3 in Kediri City. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and needs analysis questionnaires using a Likert scale. The results showed that students had a high need for interactive learning media, as indicated by the percentage of knowledge about digital media (74%), difficulties in understanding the topic of changes in the states of matter (75%), supporting factors for media use (82%), barriers to media use (69%), and expectations for interactive learning media (81%). From the teachers’ perspective, the percentages were 83% for knowledge of learning media, 85% for mastery of IPAS content, 78% for school support toward digital media, 77% for barriers to media development, and 94% for expectations of ready-to-use media. These findings indicate a strong need for the development of IPAS learning multimedia based on Articulate Storyline 3 that is interactive, visual, and contextual to help students understand the concept of changes in the states of matter while also supporting the improvement of scientific literacy in elementary schools.
Pengembangan E-Komik Pembelajaran pada Materi Gas Karbon di Sekitarku di Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
This development research aimed to produce an educational e-comic learning medium on the topic “Carbon Gases Around Me” for fourth-grade elementary school students and to determine its validity, attractiveness, and effectiveness. This study employed the ADDIE development model, which consists of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The subjects of the trial were 23 fourth-grade students of Elementary School of Kemayoran 2, Bangkalan Regency. The results showed that the developed educational e-comic learning medium met the criteria of being valid based on expert validation, highly attractive according to teacher and student responses, and effective in supporting the learning process. In addition, students achieved classical learning mastery after using the learning medium. These findings indicate that the educational e-comic learning medium is feasible and effective for supporting science learning in elementary schools.
Penerapan Model Project Based Learning Berbasis Media E-Flashcard dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Kosakata Bahasa Indonesia pada Kelas II SDN 1 Mantup
Limited vocabulary comprehension among second-grade students at SDN 1 Mantup was caused by the use of less varied teaching models and conventional learning media. This study aimed to improve students' Indonesian vocabulary comprehension through the implementation of the Project Based Learning model supported by E-Flashcard media. This study employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) based on the model of Suharsimi Arikunto, conducted in two cycles involving 15 second-grade students at SDN 1 Mantup. Data were collected through classroom observations of teacher and student activities, vocabulary comprehension tests, and documentation. The data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques. The findings revealed significant improvements in both the learning process and students' vocabulary comprehension. Teacher activity increased from 45% in Cycle I to 83% in Cycle II, while student activity improved from 54% to 76%. Furthermore, students' classical mastery of vocabulary comprehension increased from 40% in Cycle I to 86% in Cycle II, exceeding the predetermined success criterion. These findings indicate that the implementation of the Project Based Learning model supported by E-Flashcard media effectively enhances students' vocabulary comprehension. The study implies that this instructional approach can serve as an innovative alternative for Indonesian language learning in elementary schools by promoting active, engaging, and student-centered learning while improving vocabulary comprehension skills.
Pengembangan Media Question Card Interaktif Berbasis Mastery Peak untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Numerasi Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
The numeracy skills of elementary school students were relatively low. Based on observations and interviews conducted at SDN 2 Puru, SDN 1 Puru, and SDN 2 Suruh, students had difficulties understanding mathematical symbols, tended to memorize concepts, and experienced difficulties in solving word problems related to daily life. This study aimed to develop Mastery Peak-based Question Card media to improve the numeracy skills of fifth-grade elementary school students and examine its feasibility and effectiveness. The study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which included analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The uniqueness of the developed media lay in the integration of interactive Question Cards with the Mastery Peak feature, providing adaptive game-based practice and making learning more active, enjoyable, and meaningful than previous media. The results showed that the media was highly feasible based on expert validation scores of 95% from media experts, 93.75% from material experts, 78% from language experts, and 95% from practitioners. The independent t-test showed a significant improvement between the pre-test and post-test scores (p < 0.05). The N-Gain score was 63.5203, categorized as moderately effective. Therefore, the Mastery Peak-based Question Card media effectively improved elementary school students' numeracy skills.
Analisis Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan di Kecamatan Argomulyo Kota Salatiga Tahun 2015, 2020, dan 2025
Argomulyo District is a peri-urban area of Salatiga City, Indonesia, experiencing intensive urbanization pressure and designated as an industrial, residential, and sports development zone under Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2023. This study aims to analyze land use change patterns in 2015, 2020, and 2025, and to identify the factors driving these changes. A Random Forest classification algorithm was applied to Sentinel-2 MSI imagery via Google Earth Engine, complemented by in-depth interviews with ten stakeholder informants. Classification accuracy yielded an Overall Accuracy of 97.26% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.9189. During 2015–2025, residential areas expanded by 66.59 ha (31.32%), industrial zones by 5528 ha (23.38%), and agricultural land contracted by 121.87 ha (9.02%), with identical growth rates across both five-year periods indicating structured expansion. Three driving factors were identified: industry-induced demographic pressure generated by a dominant large-scale labor-intensive industrial tenant, progressive industrial investment carrying single-tenant dependency risk, and spatial planning policies that rationalize rather than control ongoing land conversion. Formal permitting compliance proved an inadequate proxy for measuring the effectiveness of land conversion control. These findings indicate that spatial planning instruments in peri-urban areas tend to function as ex-post legitimization of land conversion rather than as effective ex-ante control mechanisms, underscoring the need for spatial-data-driven monitoring frameworks in peri-urban land governance. Strengthening agricultural land protection through legal establishment of a Sustainable Food Agricultural Zone, stricter spatial detail plan instruments, and periodic remote sensing-based monitoring is recommended.
Hubungan Self Esteem dengan Keaktifan Belajar IPS Siswa Kelas V SDN Kelurahan Tebet Timur Jakarta Selatan
Self-esteem is an individual’s assessment of themselves that can influence students’ behavior and engagement in the learning process. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-esteem and social studies learning engagement among fifth-grade students at an elementary school in Tebet Timur, South Jakarta. This study employed a quantitative method with a correlational design. The sample consisted of 126 students selected using proportional random sampling. Data were collected through self-esteem questionnaires and social studies learning engagement questionnaires, then analyzed using the Pearson Product-Moment correlation test after conducting prerequisite tests, namely the normality test and the linearity test. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between self-esteem and social studies learning engagement, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.678 and a significance level of p < 0.001. This means that the higher a student’s self-esteem, the higher their social studies learning engagement, with a contribution of 46% based on the coefficient of determination. The results of this study indicate that self-esteem is one of the psychological factors that play a role in encouraging students’ active participation in learning. Students with high self-esteem tend to be more confident and willing to actively participate by asking questions, answering questions, engaging in discussions, and expressing their opinions during the social studies learning process
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Pop-Up Book Digital pada Materi Bagian Tubuh Tumbuhan untuk Kelas IV SDN 44 Ampenan
Learning media innovation plays a crucial role in transforming conventional learning processes to be more dynamic and relevant to the characteristics of digital-generation students. The development of this Digital Pop-Up Book media is expected to create a more attractive, interactive, and meaningful learning experience to facilitate the understanding of abstract concepts, ultimately leading to an increase in student learning outcomes. This study aims to develop Digital Pop-Up Book media for fourth-grade Science and Social Studies (IPAS) subject that has been tested for its validity, practicality, and effectiveness. This study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which comprises five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research subjects consisted of 27 fourth-grade students at SDN 44 Ampenan. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, questionnaires, and tests. The validation results indicated that the media obtained a percentage of 91.67% from material experts and 98.3% from media experts, placing it in the highly valid category. Furthermore, the teacher response questionnaire reached a percentage of 88.3%, and the student response reached 86%, falling into the highly practical category. The students' average pre-test score of 52.59 increased to 82.59 in the post-test. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test results showed a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, interpreting that there was a significant difference or improvement in students' IPAS learning outcomes before and after being given treatment using the new media. Meanwhile, the N-Gain test results yielded a score of 0.659 or 66%, categorized as moderate. These results demonstrated that the Digital Pop-Up Book media is moderately effective in improving the IPAS learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at SDN 44 Ampenan. Thus, it can be concluded that the Digital Pop-Up Book media is declared highly valid, highly practical, and moderately effective for use in learning the material on plant body parts
Pengembangan LKPD Berbasis Project Based Learning (PjBL) Berbantuan Kit Robot Maze Solver (Labirin) pada Materi Mikrokontoler Arduino
Arduino microcontroller learning requires not only conceptual understanding but also practical skills in designing, assembling, programming, and testing hardware-based systems. However, students often experience difficulties in understanding Arduino programming concepts when learning is not supported by project-based activities and appropriate practical learning media. This study aimed to develop a Project Based Learning (PjBL)-based Student Worksheet (LKPD) assisted by a maze solver robot kit on Arduino microcontroller material. This study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the Four-D (4D) development model consisting of the Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. The subjects were 12 students of the Physics Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Jambi, who had taken the Advanced Electronics course. Data were collected through media expert validation questionnaires, material expert validation questionnaires, robot kit expert validation questionnaires, and student perception questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed using percentage techniques, while qualitative data in the form of suggestions and feedback from validators were used as the basis for product revision. The results showed that the developed LKPD obtained a feasibility percentage of 80.77% from media experts, 100% from material experts, and 91.07% from robot kit experts, all categorized as highly feasible. Student perceptions yielded an average percentage of 89%, categorized as very good. The developed LKPD is expected to serve as an innovative teaching material that supports project-based learning and enhances student engagement in learning Arduino microcontrollers.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together Berbantuan Media Powtoon terhadap Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Pancasila pada Siswa Kelas XI MA Ad-Dinul Qayim Lombok Barat
Learning outcomes in Pancasila Education are influenced by the instructional models and media. Teacher-centered instruction often results in low student engagement, preventing learning outcomes from reaching their potential. This study aims to determine the effect of the Numbered Head Together (NHT) cooperative learning model, assisted by Powtoon media, on the Pancasila Education learning outcomes of grade XI students at MA Ad-Dinul Qayim, West Lombok. A quantitative approach was adopted, utilizing a quasi-experimental method with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The study sample consisted of 43 students, including 22 students in the experimental group and 21 students in the control group. Data were collected through observation and testing and subsequently analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney U test, Levene’s statistic, Independent Samples t-test, and N-Gain Score analysis. The results revealed that the experimental group’s mean post-test score (85.27) was higher than that of the control group (72.76). The N-Gain test results showed that the experimental group achieved a score of 0.7208 (72.08%), falling into the high category, whereas the control group achieved a score of 0.6283 (62.82%), falling into the medium category. Thus, the Powtoon-assisted NHT model has a significant effect on Pancasila Education learning outcomes.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw dan STAD terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Siswa Kelas V SD
Reading comprehension ability is one of the essential skills that elementary school students must master. However, students still experience difficulties in understanding implicit information and evaluating the content of texts, indicating the need for a more effective learning model. This study aimed to determine the difference in the effects of the Jigsaw and STAD cooperative learning models on the reading comprehension ability of fifth-grade students at UPTD SDN Banyuajuh 3. This research employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design. The study was conducted at UPTD SDN Banyuajuh 3. The sample was selected using the cluster sampling technique. The participants consisted of Class V-B as the experimental group and Class V-A as the control group. The research instruments included an essay test as the test instrument and an observation sheet as the non-test instrument. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test to examine data normality, the homogeneity of variance test to examine data homogeneity, and the Independent Sample t-test to test the research hypothesis. The results showed that the significance value (2-tailed) was 0.030 (< 0.05), indicating that H₀ was rejected and Hₐ was accepted. Therefore, there was a significant difference in the effect of the Jigsaw and STAD cooperative learning models on the reading comprehension ability of fifth-grade students at UPTD SDN Banyuajuh 3.
Model Estimasi Batas Aman Gedung Shelter terhadap Tsunami di Kota Padang Menggunakan Model Inundasi Hills dan Mader
Padang City is one of the regions with a high risk of earthquakes and tsunamis. Following an earthquake that has the potential to generate a tsunami, residents must immediately evacuate to safer locations. Based on the evacuation simulations conducted by the government, the West Sumatra Grand Mosque has been designated as one of the vertical evacuation shelters. Although the building was designed to withstand earthquakes, it is also necessary to ensure that its elevation is sufficient to protect the community from tsunami hazards. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the safe tsunami limit for the second floor of the West Sumatra Grand Mosque using the Hills and Mader inundation model combined with the SCHEMA model. The results of the study provide a safe tsunami threshold interval by classifying shelter conditions into three categories: safe, when the inundation depth remains below the evacuation floor elevation; alert, when the inundation depth approaches the evacuation floor elevation, requiring evacuation to a higher floor; and unsafe, when the inundation depth exceeds the available evacuation floor elevation. These threshold intervals provide a basis for evaluating the suitability of vertical evacuation shelters under various tsunami scenarios in Padang City. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a reference for the planning and evaluation of vertical evacuation shelters and to support tsunami disaster mitigation efforts in Padang City.
Pengaruh Model Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) Berbantuan Aplikasi Riri dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Membaca Pemahaman Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
This study was motivated by the low reading comprehension skills of fourth-grade elementary school students. It aimed to: (1) describe the learning process using the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model assisted by the Riri Interactive Children's Story application, (2) determine the differences in reading comprehension skills between students who learned through the CIRC model assisted by the Riri application and those who received conventional instruction, and (3) examine the effect of the CIRC model assisted by the Riri application on students' reading comprehension skills. This study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a pretest–posttest control group design. The participants were fourth-grade students of SDN 009 Cikadut, consisting of an experimental class and a control class. Data were collected through tests, observations, and documentation and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including normality, homogeneity, Independent Samples t-test, N-Gain, and Effect Size analyses. The results showed that teacher and student activities in the experimental class improved consistently during four learning sessions. The average score increased from 68.39 on the pretest to 82.71 on the posttest in the experimental class, while the control class improved from 68.80 to 74.88. The Independent Samples t-test revealed a significant difference between the two groups (Sig. = 0.029 < 0.05). The experimental class also achieved a higher N-Gain score (0.41) than the control class (0.14). Furthermore, the Effect Size value of 0.598 indicated a large effect of the CIRC model assisted by the Riri application on students' reading comprehension skills. Therefore, the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model assisted by the Riri Interactive Children's Story application is effective in improving elementary school students' reading comprehension skills.
Analisis Rendahnya Percaya Diri dan Motivasi Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Senam Lantai di Kelas VII-7 SMP Negeri 1 Masbagik
Floor gymnastics is a topic within the Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) curriculum that requires students to possess courage, motor coordination, and self-confidence. However, many students still exhibit low self-confidence and learning motivation, limiting their participation in practical activities. This situation is influenced by a fear of injury, embarrassment about making mistakes in front of classmates, a lack of interest in the subject matter, and a lack of variety in teaching methods. This study aims to analyze the factors contributing to students' low self-confidence and learning motivation and to identify the efforts made by the teacher to improve these aspects during floor gymnastics lessons for Class VII-7 students at SMP Negeri 1 Masbagik. The study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Participants included a PJOK teacher and Class VII-7 students selected via purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and validated using source and technique triangulation. The results indicate that low student self-confidence stems primarily from the fear of injury, embarrassment, and the fear of being mocked by peers. Meanwhile, low learning motivation is influenced by a lack of student interest in floor gymnastics and the use of limited teaching methods. To address these issues, the teacher collaborated with Teacher Professional Education (PPG) students to implement several strategies, including creating a safe learning environment, providing positive reinforcement, employing engaging teaching methods, and conducting exercises in a gradual manner. These efforts successfully enhanced the students' courage, self-confidence, learning motivation, and active participation in floor gymnastics lessons.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournaments Berbantuan Kahoot terhadap Pemahaman Konsep IPAS pada Murid Sekolah Dasar (Penelitian Kuasi Eksperimen Kelas IV di SDN 239 Cigondewah, Kota Bandung)
This research was motivated by the low level of elementary school students' understanding of Integrated Science and Social Studies (IPAS) concepts, which was caused by teacher-centered learning that limited students' active participation in the learning process. This study aimed to describe the learning process, identify the differences in students' conceptual understanding of IPAS between the experimental and control classes, and determine the magnitude of the effect of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model assisted by Kahoot media on fourth-grade elementary school students' conceptual understanding of IPAS. This study employed a quasi-experimental method using a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population consisted of all fourth-grade students of SDN 239 Cigondewah, Bandung, in the 2025/2026 academic year. The sample comprised Class IV-B as the experimental class, which was taught using the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model assisted by Kahoot, and Class IV-A as the control class, which received conventional instruction. Data were collected through pretests, posttests, and observation sheets of teachers' and students' learning activities. The data were analyzed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, the Mann–Whitney U test, and effect size analysis. The results showed that the learning process in the experimental class was implemented very well, with teacher and student activity percentages both reaching 90%. The Mann–Whitney U test produced an Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value of < 0.001 (< 0.05), indicating a significant difference in students' conceptual understanding of IPAS between the experimental and control classes. Furthermore, the effect size analysis yielded a Cohen's d value of 2.538, which falls into the very large effect category. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model assisted by Kahoot has a very large effect on improving fourth-grade elementary school students' conceptual understanding of IPAS.
Pengaruh Model Kooperatif Tipe Picture and Picture Berbantuan Media Flashcard untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Membaca Permulaan di SDN 235 Lengkong Kecil (Penelitian Quasi-Experimental pada Peserta Didik Kelas I SDN 235 Lengkong Kecil)
Early reading skills are a fundamental competency that supports students’ success in subsequent learning. However, many first-grade elementary school students still experience difficulties in recognizing letters, reading syllables, words, and simple sentences due to the use of less varied learning models and limited instructional media. This study was motivated by the low early reading skills of first-grade students at SDN 235 Lengkong Kecil, Bandung. The study aimed to determine the effect of the Picture and Picture cooperative learning model aided by flashcards on students’ early reading skills. This research employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling, involving 56 students, consisting of Class 1A as the experimental group and Class 1B as the control group. The findings indicated that early reading skills improved in both groups. The experimental group’s mean score increased from 36.78 in the pretest to 80.67 in the posttest, with an average N-Gain score of 0.6907 (moderate category). Meanwhile, the control group’s mean score increased from 43.00 to 70.92, with an average N-Gain score of 0.4864 (moderate category). Hypothesis testing using an independent samples t-test revealed a significant difference, with a Sig. (2-tailed) value of < 0.001 (< 0.05). These findings indicate that the Picture and Picture cooperative learning model aided by flashcards has a significant positive effect on improving the early reading skills of first-grade students at SDN 235 Lengkong Kecil, Bandung.
Identifikasi Pembelajaran Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Suku Samawa di TK PGRI Kalimango
Research interest in local wisdom-based learning among the Samawa people at TK PGRI Kalimango stems from initial observations indicating that elements of local culture have begun to be introduced through simple activities, such as rabana rhythm practice.This study aims to describe the forms, implementation, and recommendations regarding instruction based on the local wisdom of the Samawa people at TK PGRI Kalimango. It employs a qualitative approach within the framework of educational ethnography. The research subjects included the school principal, five teachers, and students' parents. Data collection involved observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively, utilizing NVivo software to facilitate the automated processes of data grouping, coding, and organization. The findings indicate that the forms of Samawa local wisdom integrated into the curriculum at TK PGRI Kalimango include the use of the Samawa regional language, traditional attire, oral traditions, traditional arts, traditional games, local cuisine, and traditional Samawa dances. The implementation of this local wisdom-based instruction is systematically planned through programs such as Sabarya and Basebo, as well as through art performances and cultural festivals. Furthermore, the researcher recommends utilizing traditional visual arts specifically the Lonto Engal and Kemang Satange motifs as alternatives for developing local wisdom based instruction in early childhood education.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Matematika Anak dengan Word Wall di Taman Kanak-Kanak Telkom Jambi
This study aimed to improve the mathematical abilities of children aged 5–6 years through the use of the Wordwall learning media at Telkom Jambi Kindergarten. The study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method using the Kemmis and McTaggart model, implemented in two cycles consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The research subjects were 15 children in Group B aged 5–6 years. Data were collected through observation, documentation, and field notes, and were analyzed descriptively using percentages. The results showed that the use of Wordwall significantly improved the children's mathematical abilities. In the pre-action stage, only 20% of the children achieved the categories of Developing as Expected (BSH) and Developing Very Well (BSB). After the implementation of Wordwall in Cycle I, this percentage increased to 60%, and further improved to 93.3% in Cycle II. The improvement was reflected in the children's ability to recognize number symbols, match numbers with quantities of objects, arrange numbers in sequence, and perform simple arithmetic operations. These findings indicate that Wordwall creates a more interactive, engaging, and enjoyable learning environment, thereby enhancing children's participation and understanding of mathematics. Therefore, the Wordwall learning media is effective in improving the mathematical abilities of early childhood learners at Telkom Jambi Kindergarten.
Peran Sanggar Batik dalam Mempertahankan Warisan dan Identitas Budaya Melayu serta Ekonomi Kreatif: Studi Kasus di Jambi Seberang
Jambi Batik is one of the cultural heritages of the Malay community that possesses significant historical, philosophical, and economic values, making its preservation essential amid the challenges of globalization and modernization. Batik studios serve as strategic institutions for sustaining the tradition of batik making while supporting the development of the local creative economy. This study aimed to analyze the role of batik studios in preserving Malay cultural heritage and identity, as well as their contribution to the development of the creative economy in Jambi Seberang. The research employed a literature review method with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected from various secondary sources, including books, scientific journal articles, previous research, government documents, and other relevant references related to batik, Malay culture, cultural preservation, and the creative economy. Data were analyzed using content analysis through the processes of identifying, classifying, interpreting, and synthesizing relevant information. The findings indicate that batik studios function as centers for cultural preservation by transmitting batik-making skills, preserving distinctive Jambi batik motifs, introducing Malay cultural values, and fostering younger generations' appreciation of local culture. Furthermore, batik studios contribute to the creative economy by generating employment opportunities, empowering local communities, supporting micro-enterprises, encouraging product innovation, promoting cultural marketing, and developing batik-based educational tourism. However, these studios continue to face several challenges, including the limited regeneration of batik artisans, competition from mass-produced batik-patterned products, limited financial resources, inadequate human resource capacity, and suboptimal utilization of digital technology. Therefore, sustainable collaboration among the government, local communities, academics, and business stakeholders is essential to strengthen cultural preservation while enhancing the competitiveness of the batik-based creative economy in Jambi Seberang.
Analisis Etika Keseimbangan di Episentrum Wisata: Menakar Ambang Batas Pemanfaatan Air Tanah di KEK Mandalika demi Keberlanjutan Ekologi
The rapid development of the tourism sector in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ) has increased the demand for clean water, which is largely met through the extraction of groundwater using deep boreholes. This situation has the potential to cause ecological imbalances, such as a decline in the groundwater table, a reduction in the flow rate of community wells, and even the risk of seawater intrusion if water use exceeds the environment’s carrying capacity. This study aims to analyze groundwater utilization practices in the Mandalika SEZ from the perspective of the ethics of balance and to formulate directions for sustainable water resource management. The study employs a qualitative method using a descriptive-analytical case study approach, supported by field research and a literature review. Data were analyzed through the interpretation of various empirical findings, regulations, and scientific studies on groundwater management, environmental ethics, and tourism development. The results of the study indicate that the tourism sector’s high dependence on groundwater has placed pressure on the hydrological system, as evidenced by a decline in water availability for the community and an increased risk of environmental degradation. The anthropocentric paradigm, which views water as an economic commodity, is deemed incapable of ensuring ecosystem sustainability. In contrast, the ecocentric approach offers an ethical framework that views groundwater as an integral part of ecological systems, meaning its use must be aligned with the environment’s carrying capacity and storage capacity. This study recommends strengthening groundwater permitting controls, implementing withdrawal limits based on sustainable yield, conserving recharge areas, utilizing rainwater harvesting technologies, and improving water use efficiency in the tourism sector to achieve a balance between economic development and ecological sustainability.
Keefektifan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Lakerlok terhadap Hasil Belajar IPAS Peserta Didik Kelas VI SDN Tambirejo Demak
Low learning outcomes in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) at the elementary school level remain a challenge requiring attention, as instruction often fails to actively involve students in the problem-solving process. Therefore, instructional innovations capable of enhancing student engagement are needed; one such approach is the implementation of a problem-based learning model supported by lakerlok media.This study aims to determine the effectiveness of problem-based learning models and Lakerlok media in improving elementary school students' learning outcomes. This study used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach involving 20 sixth-grade students of SDN Tambirejo Demak as subjects. The data collection techniques tested used normality tests, paired sample t-tests, and N-Gain tests. The results of the data normality test were carried out using Shapiro-Wilk and showed that the data were normally distributed, with pretest and posttest significance values greater than 0.05. Furthermore, the paired sample t-test produced a sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 <0.05, so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, which means there was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest results. The average student score increased from 31 to 80 with an N-Gain Score of 0.6660 in the moderate category, the highest score being 90 and the lowest being 11. Thus, the problem-based learning model and Lakerlok media proved to be quite effective in improving the learning outcomes of Science.
Pengaruh Model Project Based Learning Materi Ragam Budaya Terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa Kelas IV-B SDN Tunjung 1 Burneh
This study aimed to determine the effect of implementing the Project Based Learning model on the cognitive learning outcomes of fourth-grade B students in the topic of cultural diversity at SDN Tunjung 1 Burneh. This study was motivated by a teacher-centered learning process, limited student engagement in classroom activities, and students' average learning outcomes that did not meet the minimum mastery criteria. This research employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental method with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sample consisted of 26 students selected through a purposive sampling technique. Based on the results of the hypothesis test, the obtained value of Z table was greater than Z table (4.014 > 1.96), and the Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value was 0.000, which was lower than the significance level of 0.05. Therefore, H₀ was rejected and Hₐ was accepted. These findings indicate a significant difference in students' learning outcomes before and after the implementation of the treatment. Since the significance value was lower than the predetermined significance level, it can be concluded that the Project Based Learning model had a significant effect on the cognitive learning outcomes of fourth-grade B students in the topic of cultural diversity at SDN Tunjung 1 Burneh.
Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa Sekolah Dasar dalam Menulis Puisi: Analisis Kualitatif Berdasarkan Indikator Fluency, Flexibility, Originality, dan Elaboration
Creative thinking is a 21st-century competency that needs to be fostered through Indonesian language instruction, particularly in poetry writing. However, observations indicate that students' creativity in writing poetry varies, especially regarding idea development, diction, and the crafting of poetic expressions. This study aims to analyze the creative thinking abilities of fifth-grade students in writing poetry and to identify the factors that facilitate or hinder this process. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, involving 30 fifth-grade students selected via purposive sampling and the class teacher as a supporting informant. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model comprising data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing with validity verified through source, technique, and time triangulation. The results show that students' creative thinking abilities have developed across the indicators of fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration, though not yet optimally for all students. Creativity is influenced by learning motivation, teacher support, the learning environment, and vocabulary mastery, whereas low self-confidence and limited experience act as inhibiting factors. These findings highlight the importance of implementing contextual, creative, and student-centered instruction to foster creative thinking skills in poetry writing at MI Muhammadiyah 4 Brangsi.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Praktikum Akuntansi Perusahaan Dagang Berbasis Simulation Accounting (SIMACC) pada Peserta Didik Kelas XI SMK Negeri di Surabaya
The digital-era transformation of education encourages the use of technology to enhance student competence. However, practical accounting instruction for trading companies in several state vocational high schools (SMK) in Surabaya still faces challenges. These include suboptimal use of instructional media, manual processing of accounting cycles, and students' limited understanding of transaction analysis and financial statement preparation. Consequently, this study aims to develop an instructional tool—specifically, a trading company accounting practice application named Simulation Accounting (SIMACC). The study employs the ADDIE development model, comprising the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Trial subjects included 15 students for the small-group trial and 29 students for the large-scale trial, drawn from Grade XI accounting classes at state vocational high schools in Surabaya. Data collection instruments consisted of expert validation questionnaires and student response surveys. The results showed expert validation scores of 93% for content and 94.5% for media, along with an 88% positive response from students; these figures indicate that the developed media falls into the "highly feasible" category for use in the learning process. These findings suggest that SIMACC supports more effective, interactive, and efficient practical accounting instruction while reinforcing the implementation of technology-based learning to improve the quality of accounting education in vocational high schools.
Pengembangan Alat Evaluasi Pembelajaran Berbasis HOTS Menggunakan Website Wordwall pada Elemen Dasar Perbankan Kelas X Akuntansi di SMKS Yapalis Krian
Learning under the National Curriculum with the Deep Learning approach requires contextual assessment instruments that are oriented toward Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) to enhance students critical thinking abilities. This study aimed to develop a HOTS-based learning assessment instrument using the Wordwall website for the Basic Banking element at SMKS Yapalis Krian. The study employed a Research and Developmnet (R&D) method using the ADDIE development model, which consists of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research participants included an assessment expert, a graphic design expert, and 35 grade Accounting students at SMKS Yapalis Krian. Data were collected through expert review sheets, validation sheets, student response questionnaires, and item analysis using the Anates software. The findings indicated that the Wordwall based learning assessment instrument obtained a feasibility score of 91% from the assessment expert and 100% from the graphic design expert, both categorized as highly feasible. Furthermore, students responses to the developed product reached 99%, which was classified as very positive. Therefore, the HOTS based learning assessment instrument developed using the Wordwall website for the Basic Banking element is considered highly feasible and received vert positive responses, indicating that it is suitable for use in learning assessment activities.
Transformasi Pembelajaran Akuntansi Melalui Pengembangan E-LKPD Berbasis Google Sites pada Elemen Akuntansi Lembaga/Instansi Pemerintah di SMKN 1 Duduksampeyan
Technological developments in the era of Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 demand more interactive instructional materials, including for the Government Institution Accounting course in Vocational High Schools (SMK). Learning on village financial administration material at SMKN 1 Duduksampeyan still largely relies on lectures and printed student worksheets (LKPD), resulting in passive students who struggle to understand this complex, procedural, and regulation-based material. This study aims to produce a Google Sites-based Electronic Student Worksheet (E-LKPD) on village financial administration material and to determine its feasibility and student response toward the developed product. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the 4D model, encompassing the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages, limited to the develop stage. Research subjects consisted of two material experts, two language experts, two media experts, and 30 twelfth-grade Accounting students at SMKN 1 Duduksampeyan. Data were collected through interviews, expert validation questionnaires, and student response questionnaires, then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively using Likert and Guttman scales. The results showed that material expert validation obtained a percentage of 89%, language experts 89%, and media experts 91%, with an overall average validation score of 90%, categorized as "Highly Feasible." Student responses to the use of the E-LKPD averaged 91%, categorized as "Very Good." These findings demonstrate that the Google Sites-based E-LKPD is feasible as an interactive and flexible alternative instructional material that supports students' understanding of village financial administration material.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Software Construct 3 dengan Pendekatan Deep Learning pada Elemen Perpajakan Materi PPN dan PPnBM SMK Negeri di Surabaya
The implementation of the deep learning approach in Indonesia's national curriculum requires vocational schools to design instructional media that support mindful, meaningful, and joyful learning experiences, particularly for taxation-related subjects that students often find difficult to grasp. This research was conducted to develop a Construct 3-based learning media for the Taxation subject for Grade XI students of the Accounting and Financial Institution Program at State Vocational High Schools in Surabaya. The study was motivated by the findings of a preliminary investigation, which showed that classroom instruction was predominantly conducted through lecture methods and supported by conventional learning media, such as PowerPoint slides, textbooks, and student worksheets. Consequently, students tended to exhibit low learning engagement and experienced difficulties in understanding the subject matter. The questionnaire results further revealed that 72.3% of the respondents encountered challenges in comprehending Value Added Tax (VAT) and Luxury Goods Sales Tax (LGST) topics. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, consisting of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The resulting product is an interactive learning application equipped with several main features, namely Learning Outcomes and Learning Objectives Flow (CP-ATP), learning materials, Tax Insight, a tax calculator, practice exercises, and a developer progile. The results of the material expert validation indicated a feasibility percentage of 93%, categorized as highly feasible, while the media expert validation achieved a perfect score of 100%, also classified as highly feasible. A limited field trial was carried out involving 20 Grade XI Accounting students from four State Vocational High Schools in Surabaya. The students' responses to the developed learning media yielded a percentage of 98%, reflecting a strong level of agreement regarding its use in the learning process. These findings demonstrate that the Construct 3-based learning media incorporating a deep learning approach is highly feasible and effective in supporting technology-enhanced learning in the Society 5.0 era.
Analisis Kapasitas Settling Pond Berdasarkan Pengaruh Laju Sedimentasi Area Cluster Volvo PT Kaltim Prima Coal
Open-pit mining activities at PT Kaltim Prima Coal have altered land use, thereby increasing erosion and sedimentation potential. The Cluster Volvo area is characterized by surface runoff that transports sedimentary material into settling ponds. This study aims to analyze the capacity of the settling ponds in the Cluster Volvo area based on the planned flood discharge using the HSS Nakayasu method, as well as total erosion and sedimentation calculated via the USLE method, to establish a maintenance schedule for the ponds. The results indicate that the Volvo Pond requires a capacity upgrade. Based on the calculated flood discharge and total erosion, the crest elevation of the Volvo Pond needs to be adjusted from RL+35.5 to RL+36.5. Consequently, this settling pond capacity analysis serves as a technical recommendation for the company to address issues related to water retention and sedimentation that lead to pond overtopping.
Minat Baca dan Faktor yang Mempengaruhinya pada Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Reading interest is one of the important factors determining students’ learning success in elementary schools. However, various surveys indicate that students' reading interest in Indonesia remains relatively low. This study aimed to describe the reading interest of fifth-grade students at SDN 1 Purwawinangun Cirebon, identify the internal and external factors influencing it, and describe teachers’ efforts to improve students’ reading interest. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach involving one fifth-grade teacher and 34 fifth-grade students. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, semi-structured interviews, documentation, and field notes. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was ensured through source triangulation, technique triangulation, and member checking. The findings revealed that students’ reading interest tended to be moderate to low. The utilization of reading facilities obtained the lowest score (53.04%), while awareness of the benefits of reading achieved the highest score (83.21%). Internal factors influencing reading interest included intrinsic motivation, reading attention, and enjoyment of reading. External factors included family support, teachers, peers, school facilities, and gadget usage. Teachers have implemented various efforts such as reading habituation programs, classroom reading corners, literacy activities, and reading motivation strategies. This study recommends strengthening collaboration between schools and families and developing more structured literacy programs to enhance elementary students’ reading interest.
Pengembangan Game Interaktif Ular Tangga berbantuan Genially untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar pada Materi Gotong Royong di Sekolah Dasar
Learning activities in elementary schools are expected to encourage students’ active participation; however, classroom instruction is often still dominated by conventional teaching methods, resulting in low student engagement and less optimal learning outcomes. Therefore, innovative and interactive learning media are needed to create a more meaningful learning experience while improving students’ understanding of the topic of Mutual Cooperation. This study aims to develop a Genially-assisted Interactive Snakes and Ladders Game on the topic of Mutual Cooperation for fourth-grade elementary school students, determine the feasibility of the media, and examine the effectiveness of the media on students’ learning outcomes. This research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, questionnaires, documentation, as well as pretest and posttest assessments. The data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative analysis and N-Gain calculations. The results showed that the Genially-assisted Interactive Snakes and Ladders Game was categorized as highly feasible based on validations conducted by media experts, material experts, and language experts. Students’ learning outcomes also improved, as indicated by higher posttest scores compared to pretest scores, with an N-Gain result in the high category, indicating that the media was effective for use in learning activities. Therefore, the Genially-assisted Interactive Snakes and Ladders Game can be used as an alternative interactive learning media in elementary schools.
Implementasi Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbantuan Video Interaktif untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Peserta Didik Kelas X
Mathematical problem solving ability remains a challenge for many students, requiring more engaging learning approaches. This study examined differences in the mathematical problem-solving abilities of Grade 10 students after the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by interactive videos. A quantitative pre-experimental method with a One Group Pretest Posttest Design was employed. The participants were 46 Grade 10 students from a senior high school in Bandung Regency. Data were collected using a validated and reliable essay test administered before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using the Shapiro Wilk normality test and a paired-sample t-test. The mean pretest score increased from 11.35 to 32.22 out of a maximum score of 50. Statistical analysis revealed a significant improvement in students’ mathematical problem solving abilities after the implementation of the interactive video-assisted PBL model. The findings indicate that integrating interactive videos with PBL can effectively enhance students mathematical problemsolving abilities.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas IV
This study aims to determine the influence of the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) type cooperative learning model on Student Learning Outcomes in Grade IV Mathematics Subjects at SDN Mlajah 2 Bangkalan. This study is a quantitative research with a quasi-experimental design, and the form of research design used is a non-equivalent control group design. The population in the study is the entire fourth grade of SDN Mlajah 2 Bangkalan which totals 89 students. The sample used in the study was class IV of SDN Mlajah 2 consisting of 45 students in grades IV-A and 44 students in grades IV-B. The sampling technique in the study used non-probability sampling with saturated sampling techniques. The data collection technique in this study uses observation and learning outcome tests. The test instruments used in this study first went through validity, reliability, difficulty, and differentiating power. The pre-trial test used was a normality test with the Shapiro wilk technique and a homogeneity test. Hypothesis test using an independent sample t-test. Based on the results of the analysis of the t-test data, the independent sample t-test obtained a sig (2-tailed) value obtained < 0.00 < 0.05, then Ho was rejected. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) type Cooperative Learning Model on Student Learning Outcomes in Grade IV Mathematics Subjects at SDN Mlajah 2 Bangkalan.
Penggunaan Artificial Intelligence dan Dampaknya terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa PPKn Universitas Mataram
In todays’s digital era, rapid technological advancements, particularly the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI), have transformed how students access information and complete academic assignments. The growing reliance on AI in academic activities has raised concerns regarding its impact on students' critical thinking skills, specifically among students of Pancasila and Civic Education (PPKn) at the University of Mataram. This study aims to analyze student perceptions regarding AI usage and examine its impact on the critical thinking skills of PPKn students at the University of Mataram. The study employs a qualitative phenomenological approach. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews—with subjects and informants selected via snowball sampling—as well as non-participant observation and document analysis. Data analysis involved data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Meanwhile, data validity was verified through source, technique, and time triangulation. The results reveal three types of student perceptions: 1) A positive perception, viewing AI as a tool to accelerate data research and visualize concepts; 2) A negative perception, viewing AI as potentially creating challenges such as intellectual dependency that fosters mental laziness and the erosion of moral values; and 3) A shift in mindset, where AI aids in understanding and processing information but creates an illusion of independent thinking. Furthermore, AI has a dualistic impact on its users. Positive impacts include improved access to information, greater efficiency in literacy-related tasks, and the availability of additional information sources. Conversely, negative impacts include dependency on AI, diminished critical thinking skills, and threats to the originality of written work. The study concludes that AI elicits diverse perceptions and impacts regarding students' critical thinking skills, depending on how students utilize AI within their academic processes.
Peran Layanan Konseling Individu dalam Mengurangi Isolasi Sosial dan Meningkatkan Relasi Sebaya Siswa di SMA
Social isolation and peer rejection potentially impede students' psychological development and academic achievements. This qualitative descriptive case study aims to analyze students' social isolation profiles to formulate a comprehensive, sociometry-based individual counseling intervention framework at SMAN 3 Selong. Data were collected from 35 participants in class 10-1 through a multiple-criteria sociometric questionnaire encompassing personal, social, learning, and career domains complemented by in-depth interviews and document review. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The sociometric findings indicated a sharp social polarization within the classroom, where eight students were classified as low status and two students experienced total social isolation (zero choices) due to group exclusion (cliques). Sociogram visualizations confirmed unilateral interaction preferences lacking reciprocity across all four orientation domains. Based on these empirical data, an individual counseling intervention was formulated, comprising three systematic clinical stages: core exploration of rejection issues, cognitive restructuring, and social skills training. This personal intervention framework is recommended as an applicable guide for school counselors to mitigate social isolation and optimize students' interpersonal cohesion.
Evaluasi Penggunaan Modul Ajar Bahasa Indonesia Siswa di SD Negeri 29 Ampenan dengan Metode Didactical Suitability
This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of an Indonesian language teaching module based on six didactic components: epistemic, cognitive, interactional, mediational, affective, and ecological at State Elementary School 29 Ampenan. This study is an evaluative study with a qualitative approach using the Didactical Suitability model . Most previous studies have focused on the effectiveness of teaching modules in improving learning outcomes, whereas studies evaluating the quality of teaching modules using the Didactical Suitability framework remain very limited. Data were collected through structured observations, in-depth interviews, and module documentation, then analyzed descriptively qualitatively using the Miles and Huberman method. The results show that the teaching module generally fully meets the epistemic and interactional components, but there are still shortcomings in several cognitive, mediational, affective, and ecological indicators. For example, some students are less active in reading the module, and in one class the learning atmosphere is not fully conducive. Interviews with teachers indicate that the module is easy to use and relevant to students' needs, but module evaluation has not been carried out optimally. This study contributes to the development of Didactical Suitability-based evaluation of teaching materials in Indonesian language learning in elementary schools and serves as a basis for teachers and schools to improve the quality of teaching modules to better suit the needs and characteristics of students.
Strategi Guru dalam Menanamkan Nilai Disiplin dan Tanggung Jawab Anak Usia Dini melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Karakter di Era Digital di RA Aisyiyah Bolang Kabupaten Enrekang
This study aims to describe teachers' strategies in instilling the values of discipline and responsibility in early childhood through character-based learning in the digital era at RA Aisyiyah Bolang, Enrekang Regency. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with research subjects consisting of the principal, class teachers, and parents of students. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña model which includes data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that teachers' strategies in instilling the values of discipline are carried out through routine habits, role models, positive reinforcement, and the use of educational digital media. Instilling the values of responsibility is done through giving simple tasks, habits of maintaining the cleanliness and tidiness of the learning environment, and the use of digital media that contain moral messages. Supporting factors include teacher commitment, school support, and parental cooperation, while inhibiting factors include uncontrolled use of gadgets at home, differences in parenting styles, and limited use of technology in learning. This study shows that character-based learning combined with the targeted use of digital media can support the formation of discipline and responsibility in early childhood.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Inside Outside Circle (IOC) terhadap Hasil Belajar IPAS Siswa Kelas IV SD Negeri Mangunharjo
Instruction in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) for fourth-grade students at SD Negeri Mangunharjo indicates that learning outcomes remain suboptimal; therefore, it is necessary to implement a learning model capable of enhancing student engagement and understanding during the learning process. This study aims to determine the significant completion of the science learning outcomes of fourth-grade students of Mangunharjo State Elementary School after the implementation of the Inside Outside Circle (IOC) Cooperative Learning Model. The research method used is a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test category. The population in this study were all fourth-grade students of Mangunharjo State Elementary School, totaling 27 students and the research sample was fourth-grade students totaling 27 students, consisting of 17 male students and 10 female students taken by (saturated sampling). The data collection technique used multiple-choice test techniques. The data analysis technique used the z test. Based on the data analysis, the average pre-test value was 50.89 and the average post-test value was 80.30 with a confidence level of α = 0.05, Zcount was 4.97 and Ztable 1.64 because Zcount ≥ Ztable, then, Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected. From the results of the data analysis, it was concluded that the results of the science learning of grade IV students of Mangunharjo State Elementary School after applying the Cooperative Learning Model of the Inside Outside Circle (IOC) type were significantly completed.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Interaktif Wordwall terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila di Kelas IV SDN Monta
This study aimed to examine the effect of implementing the Wordwall interactive learning media on the learning achievement of fourth-grade elementary school students in the Pancasila Education subject, particularly on the topic Pancasila within Me. The study was motivated by preliminary classroom observations and teacher interviews conducted at SDN Monta on February 28, 2025, which revealed that students' learning outcomes were relatively low due to the absence of interactive learning media in the instructional process. A quasi-experimental approach employing a nonequivalent control group design was adopted. The study involved a purposive sample of 34 fourth-grade students, equally assigned to an experimental group (Class IV A, n = 17) and a control group (Class IV B, n = 17). Data were collected using an objective multiple-choice achievement test and analyzed through inferential statistics. The findings demonstrated that the implementation of Wordwall significantly improved students' learning outcomes. The experimental group achieved a mean post-test score of 84.71, substantially higher than the control group's mean score of 68.24. Furthermore, the independent samples t-test yielded a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.000, which was lower than the significance level of 0.05, confirming a statistically significant difference between the two groups. These findings indicate that the use of Wordwall as an interactive learning medium has a positive and significant effect on improving students' academic achievement in Pancasila Education at the elementary school level.
Learning Innovation Through the Development of CRT-Based E-LKPD to Train Elementary School Students' Understanding of Concepts and Creativity
This research was motivated by the limited availability of teaching materials in schools and their insufficient alignment with students' learning needs, which has contributed to the low level of students' creative thinking skills. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT)-based E-LKPD for Indonesian language learning to enhance elementary school students' conceptual understanding and creative thinking skills. The developed product was evaluated in terms of its validity, effectiveness, and attractiveness. Product validity was determined through expert validation, while its effectiveness was assessed based on students' conceptual understanding and creative thinking test results. This study employed a research and development (R&D) approach using the 4D model, which consists of the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The results of the study show that the percentage of validity of E-LKPD based on learning design validation is 91.7%, teaching material validation is 93.3%, and material validation is 91.7%, all of which are included in the very valid category. The effectiveness is reviewed from the creativity of students classically reaching 100% of students in the minimum creative category, and the completeness of learning outcomes classically reaches 100% with complete criteria. The attractiveness was reviewed from the teacher's response obtained a percentage of 96.7%, while the student response reached 95%, both in the very interesting category. Based on these findings, it was concluded that E-LKPD teaching materials based on Culturally Responsive Teaching in Indonesian language learning to train the understanding of concepts and creative thinking skills of elementary school students were declared valid, effective, and interesting.
Penguatan Profesionalitas Guru BK melalui Pengembangan Pribadi Konselor dalam Praktik Layanan Konseling di SMA: Studi Kualitatif
Guidance and Counseling (BK) teachers' professionalism is a key element in ensuring the quality of school counseling services. Alongside pedagogical and technical competencies, the counselor’s personal development plays a strategic role in establishing therapeutic relationship effectiveness. This study aims to explore the reinforcement of BK teachers' professionalism through the counselor's personal development in high school counseling practices. Utilizing a qualitative approach with a single-case study design, this research involved a BK teacher at SMAN 3 Selong, purposively selected based on over 15 years of experience and a track record as a national instructor. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña interactive model. The results reveal that professionalism reinforcement based on personal development manifests in four primary processes: (1) self-reflection on handling critical cases, (2) managing student emotions through integrating coaching techniques and the restitution triangle, (3) independent competency development by designing assessment instrument applications, and (4) internalizing professional ethics and multi-directional interpersonal communication. This process significantly enhances emotional maturity, interpersonal competence, active listening skills, and professional courage in mediating. This study recommends integrating personal approach training and micro-counseling techniques during undergraduate studies.
Pengembangan Game Edukasi Galoris-x Pada Materi Perkalian Kelas IV SDN Morombuh 1 Bangkalan
This study aims to develop a valid, practical, and effective galoris-x educational game learning media for the multiplication of whole numbers up to 100 for fourth-grade students of SDN Morombuh 1. This study uses the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, & Evaluation) research model. This study is motivated by the low learning outcomes of students on the multiplication material of 67 who have not reached the KKTP set at 70, and also learning that is still monotonous and uses lecture methods and does not use learning media. The validity of the product is obtained from the media expert validator obtaining a percentage of 94% (very valid), learning material experts 82.2% (very valid), and learning design experts and 96% (very valid). The practicality of the developed galoris-x educational game media is stated to be practical as assessed from the results of the teacher response questionnaire showing a percentage of 98% with a very practical category, and the student response questionnaire showing a percentage of 97.7% with a very practical category. The effectiveness of the Galoris-X educational game media has been declared effective based on the observation results of teacher and student activities during 2 meetings, meeting 1 teacher activity obtained 90% (very effective), student activity 89.5% (very effective). Meeting 2 teacher activity obtained 95% (very effective), student activity 93% (very effective). Learning outcomes based on the paired sample t test obtained a result of 0.000. <0.05 and a sig value of 15.199> 2.145 so that Ho is rejected Ha is accepted there is a difference between the scores of fourth grade students of SDN Morombuh 1 on multiplication material before and after learning using the Galoris-X educational game.
Flash Card Berbasis Augmented Reality (AR) untuk Minat Belajar Materi Teks Deskripsi
Learning Indonesian, particularly descriptive text material, requires instructional media that can present objects concretely so that students can more easily understand and describe the objects being studied. However, the instructional media used in schools are still predominantly conventional, making them less effective in attracting students' interest in learning. This study aimed to develop an Augmented Reality (AR)-based Flash Card learning media for descriptive text material and to determine its feasibility as a learning medium for fifth-grade elementary school Indonesian language instruction. This study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The research was conducted at SDN Teguhan 3, involving 12 fifth-grade students and one classroom teacher as the research subjects. Data were collected through observations, interviews, documentation, expert validation questionnaires, and teacher and student response questionnaires. The results indicated that the AR-based Flash Card learning media was feasible for use in the learning process. This was evidenced by the media expert validation score of 87.5%, the material expert validation score of 97.5%, and the language expert validation score of 97.5%, all categorized as highly valid. The teacher response score of 98% and the student response score of 97% were also categorized as excellent. Therefore, the AR-based Flash Card learning media is considered feasible and practical for enhancing students' learning interest in descriptive text material for fifth-grade elementary school students.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think, Talk, Write (TTW) Berbantuan Media Pop-Up Book terhadap Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa Kelas IV pada Materi Pecahan di SDN 1 Sokong
This study aimed to determine the effect of the Think, Talk, Write (TTW) cooperative learning model assisted by Pop-Up Book media on fourth-grade students' mathematical communication skills in fraction material at SDN 1 Sokong. This research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using a Pretest–Posttest Control Group Design. The sample consisted of 62 students divided into an experimental class (IV A, n=32) and a control class (IV B, n=30). The research instrument was an essay test measuring three indicators of mathematical communication: (1) writing ideas in mathematical sentences, (2) selecting concepts for problem solving, and (3) formulating mathematical models. Data were analyzed using normality tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov), homogeneity tests (Levene's Test), and Independent Sample t-test through SPSS. Results showed a significant effect of the TTW model assisted by Pop-Up Book on students' mathematical communication skills (Sig. 2-tailed = 0.000 < 0.05). The experimental class achieved a post-test mean of 81.25, significantly higher than the control class mean of 63.44. Effect size analysis yielded Cohen's d = 2.31, indicating a very large practical effect. Previous studies have generally examined the effectiveness of TTW or Pop-Up Book separately; however, their integration for improving mathematical communication skills in fraction material at the elementary school level has rarely been investigated. These findings indicate that the integration of TTW with Pop-Up Book media is effective in enhancing mathematical communication skills in fraction material.
Pengembangan Media Animasi untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Siswa Kelas III pada Materi Siklus Hidup
The teaching of Natural Sciences in grade III elementary schools, particularly the Life Cycle topic, has predominantly relied on lecture-based delivery supported only by static illustrations in textbooks. As a result, students often struggle to grasp the sequential stages of metamorphosis and the abstract nature of living organisms' growth processes. To address this gap, the present study aimed to design an animated video medium for the Life Cycle topic, assess its feasibility, and evaluate its effectiveness in enhancing students' conceptual understanding. A research and development approach was employed, guided by the six-stage ASSURE model and supported by a one-group Pretest-Posttest pre-experimental design to determine the medium's effectiveness. Participants consisted of 29 third-grade students from Cikubang State Elementary School in Sumedang Regency, alongside one content expert, one media expert, and two teachers serving as validators. Data were gathered through interviews, expert validation questionnaires, student response questionnaires, and pretest-posttest instruments, which were subsequently analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, the paired samples t-test, and the N-Gain test. Findings revealed that the developed animated medium was rated highly feasible, earning validation scores of 83.7% from the content expert, 83% from the media expert, and 79.69% from student responses. In terms of effectiveness, students' conceptual understanding improved markedly, with mean scores rising from 29.66 in the Pretest to 78.28 in the Posttest, accompanied by a statistically significant t-test result (p < 0.05, sig. = 0.000) and an N-Gain value of 0.67, classified as moderate and reasonably effective. These findings confirm that the animated video medium is both feasible and effective in strengthening third-grade students' conceptual understanding of the Life Cycle material.
Peran Istri Buruh Migran dalam Mendukung Kelangsungan Pendidikan Anak di Desa Pohgading Timur Kecamatan Pringgabaya Kabupaten Lombok Timur
Economic demands often force husbands to migrate for work, leaving wives with the dual responsibility of managing the household and ensuring their children's education. This situation significantly affects the continuity and stability of children's learning development. This study aims to analyze the role of migrant workers' wives in supporting the continuity of children's education and identify supporting and inhibiting factors in Pohgading Timur Village, Pringgabaya District, East Lombok Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach with migrant workers' wives and children as subjects, while the informants include teachers and village secretaries. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using an interactive analysis model that includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that migrant workers' wives play a role as caregivers, family financial managers, and educational motivators in supporting the continuity of children's education. Supporting factors include parental guidance and a positive environment, while inhibiting factors include family financial pressure and limited parental time to accompany children's education. The results of the study can be concluded that migrant workers' wives have a very important role in maintaining the continuity of children's education through care, financial management, and motivation. Therefore, cooperation between families, schools, and communities is needed to support the continuity of children's education.
Pengembangan LKPD IPAS Berbasis Problem Based Learning pada Materi Siklus Hidup Makhluk Hidup Kelas III SDN Campor 2 Geger Bangkalan
The background of this study was the limited availability of teaching materials used in the learning process, which hindered students' understanding of the subject matter. As a result, students learning outcomes in Science and Social Studies (IPAS), particularly on the topic of life cycles, remained low. This study aimed to develop an Integrated Science and Social Studies Student Worksheet (LKPD IPAS) based on the Problem-Based Learning model for the animal life cycle material for third-grade students at UPTD SDN Campor 2, Geger District, Bangkalan Regency. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D model: Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. Data were collected through interviews, observations, questionnaires, and tests. The results showed that the developed LKPD met the criteria of validity, effectiveness, and attractiveness. Product validity was demonstrated by expert validation scores from learning design experts (96.66%), material experts (96.42%), and teaching material experts (95.31%), all categorized as highly valid. Product effectiveness was indicated by 90% classical learning mastery and supported by student activity observations (90.83%), categorized as highly effective. Product attractiveness was shown by student responses (91.83%), this value is categorized as highly attractive. Therefore, the developed LKPD is suitable for use in the learning process.
Pengembangan Aplikasi Rancaka Berbasis Literasi Digital untuk Pembelajaran Aksara Jawa dan Sandhangan Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
This study aims to develop and test the feasibility of the RANCAKA (National Learning Space for Love of Javanese Script) application based on digital literacy as a learning medium for Javanese script and sandhangan for fourth-grade elementary school students. The background of the study is based on the problem that Javanese language learning is still dominated by conventional methods, the media used are not varied, and students’ understanding and interest in Javanese script and sandhangan are low. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE development model, which includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The trial subjects were fourth-grade students of SDN 02 Madiun Lor. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and validation questionnaires, and analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The results show that the RANCAKA application meets the feasibility criteria with material expert validation percentage of 92% (Very Feasible), language expert 81.82% (Very Feasible), and media experts 78% (worthy), with an overall average of 83.94% (very worthy). Student responses to the use of the application were also very positive, namely 93.3% in individual tests, 90% in small group tests, and 88% in field trials. Based on these results, it is concluded that the RANCAKA application based on digital literacy is feasible, practical, and effective to use as a learning medium for Javanese script and sandhangan, and can support the development of digital literacy skills for elementary school students.
Pengembangan LAMI Berbasis AR untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Digital Siswa pada Materi Lapisan Bumi Kelas 5 Sekolah Dasar
This study was motivated by the low level of students’ digital literacy in learning the Earth’s layers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of augmented reality media in improving the digital literacy of fifth-grade elementary school students. This study employed a research and development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model. The participants consisted of 14 fifth-grade students. Data were collected through tests, questionnaires, and observations and were analyzed using a Likert scale. The results indicated that the use of augmented reality media was effective in improving students’ digital literacy, with a moderate level of improvement. Therefore, augmented reality media are considered feasible for use as instructional media in teaching the Earth’s layers.
Pengembangan E-Book Interaktif DARBUKA Bermuatan Alat Musik Madura untuk Siswa Kelas V SDN Telang 1
Learning in the Merdeka Curriculum encourages the use of digital and contextual teaching materials that actively engage students. However, science learning on sound for fifth-grade students at SDN Telang 1 still relied on printed textbooks and teacher-centered instruction, making it difficult for students to understand abstract concepts while local cultural content was rarely integrated into learning. This study aims to develop the DARBUKA Interactive E-book incorporating Madurese musical instruments for fifth-grade students of SDN Telang 1 that is valid, effective, and attractive. This research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D model, consisting of the Define, Design, Development, and Disseminate stages. The results showed that the DARBUKA Interactive E-book achieved a very high level of validity, with learning design validation of 95%, material validation of 91.67%, and teaching material validation of 83.75%. In terms of effectiveness, the e-book achieved 100% student learning mastery in both the limited trial and implementation stages, supported by teacher and student activities categorized as very good. Teacher responses reached 97.5% (very attractive), while student responses were categorized as attractive. Therefore, the DARBUKA Interactive E-book is feasible as a teaching material because it is valid, effective, and attractive, while supporting active, interactive, meaningful, and culturally contextual learning for elementary school students.
Identification of Subsurface Lithology Using the Vertical Electrical Sounding Geoelectric Method in The Kuta Area, Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara
The Kuta region is one of the most developed tourism areas in the Central Lombok Regency. This development impacts the population that continues to increase in the area, thereby influencing the increasing need for groundwater. However, the study area tends to be dry, especially in the dry season and rainfall is very low. This is quite difficult for residents to find good aquifers for groundwater exploration. From this, subsurface lithology identification is carried out to determine the lithology of the subsurface layers to obtain potential aquifers. The method used is geoelectric vertical electrical sounding which is carried out at two location points with a track length of 500 meters and a spacing of 10 meters. From the analysis of the 1D resistivity curve produced in this survey, information on subsurface lithology at the measurement point, consisting of layers of clay, sandstone, and breccia, was obtained. At the MR-1 line there is sandstone lithology at a depth of 53-84.3 meters which is thought to have the potential to be an aquifer, while at the MR-2 line, the presence of sandstone lithology is at a depth of 67.5-110 meters. Therefore, this measurement location shows the prospect of the existence of an aquifer which is characterized by a layer of sandstone which is a rock with good porosity and permeability
Enhancing Students' Vocabulary Mastery through Kahoot-Based Formative Assessment
This study aimed to determine the effect of Kahoot-based formative assessment on students' vocabulary mastery and to describe the relationship between students' Kahoot scores and their post-test results. This study examined the effect of Kahoot-based formative assessment on tenth-grade students' vocabulary mastery at MA NW Kotaraja in the academic year 2025/2026. This studies examine whether the use of Kahoot-based formative assessment significantly improved students' vocabulary mastery, and how students' Kahoot scores related to their post-test results. This study used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test post-test approach. The sample consisted of 22 students selected through purposive sampling from a total population of 92 tenth-grade students. Data were collected through a pre-test, five Kahoot-based formative assessment sessions covering 50 daily activities vocabulary items, a post-test, and brief interviews with six selected students. The pre-test and post-test each consisted of 50 multiple-choice items with a maximum score of 100. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, effect size calculation, and descriptive comparison. Results showed statistically significant improvement in vocabulary mastery with p = 0.028 and effect size r = 0.47, indicating a medium effect. The mean score increased from 60.45 to 77.64. Descriptively, 81.8% of students with high Kahoot scores achieved good or very good post-test results. These findings confirm that Kahoot-based formative assessment effectively enhances EFL students' vocabulary mastery.
Peningkatan Literasi Digital Siswa SMP melalui Asesmen Berbantuan “GALAKSI” Terintegrasi Augmented Reality pada Materi Sistem Tata Surya
Digital literacy is a fundamental competency that junior high school students need to master. However, science assessment practices in schools are still largely conventional and have not been integrated with interactive digital media, limiting their potential to foster students' digital literacy. This study aimed to determine the improvement in students' digital literacy after the implementation of assessment assisted by the "GALAKSI" (Game Aktif Luar Angkasa Kuis Stacko Ilmu) media integrated with Augmented Reality in the Solar System topic. The study employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The research sample consisted of 32 seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Slawi, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a digital literacy test on the Solar System topic and analyzed using the Paired Sample t-test and the N-Gain test. The results showed that the mean pretest score increased from 56.25 to 80.94 on the posttest. The Paired Sample t-test revealed a significance value of p < 0.001, indicating a statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores. The N-Gain analysis produced a score of 0.59, which falls into the moderate category. Improvements were observed across all digital literacy indicators, with the highest increase found in the Problem Solving indicator. Therefore, assessment assisted by the "GALAKSI" media integrated with Augmented Reality was proven to effectively improve junior high school students' digital literacy in learning the Solar System topic.
Implementasi Karakter Profil Pelajar Pancasila pada Pembelajaran IPAS Kelas IV SDN 19 Cakranegara
This study aimed to describe the implementation of the Independent and Mutual Cooperation dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile in fourth-grade Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning at SDN 19 Cakranegara. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through classroom observations, interviews with the principal and fourth-grade teacher, and document analysis of teaching modules, lesson plans, and assessment instruments. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile was systematically integrated into the planning, implementation, and evaluation stages of learning. During the planning stage, both dimensions were incorporated into learning objectives, the Problem Based Learning model, learning activities, worksheets, instructional media, and assessment. During classroom implementation, students demonstrated independent learning through individual responsibility and active participation, while mutual cooperation was reflected in collaborative discussions, group problem-solving, and presentations. The evaluation process also assessed knowledge, skills, and character development. The results showed that the Independent and Mutual Cooperation dimensions each appeared with the same frequency (50%), indicating a balanced implementation in IPAS learning. These findings suggest that integrating the Pancasila Student Profile into classroom learning effectively supports character development while achieving the objectives of the Merdeka Curriculum.
Analisis Penggunaan Video Animasi Nussa dan Rara dalam Menstimulasi Kemampuan Empati Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun di TK Negeri Pembina Pandeglang
This study aims to analyze the use of the Nussa and Rara animated video in stimulating the empathy skills of children aged 4–5 years at TK Negeri Pembina Pandeglang. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and field notes. The findings revealed that the implementation of the Nussa and Rara animated video was carried out systematically through three stages: planning, implementation, and evaluation. The planning stage included preparing the Daily Learning Implementation Plan (RPPH), selecting video episodes containing empathy-related values, and organizing instructional materials. During the implementation stage, the animated videos were shown once or twice a week for approximately five minutes under teacher guidance. The evaluation stage involved discussions, question-and-answer sessions, and positive reinforcement to strengthen children's understanding. The use of the Nussa and Rara animated video successfully stimulated three dimensions of children's empathy: cognitive empathy, reflected in the ability to understand others' feelings; affective empathy, demonstrated by the ability to share and experience others' emotions; and behavioral empathy, shown through concrete actions such as sharing food, cooperating to tidy up toys, and inviting lonely peers to play together. The selection of the Nussa and Rara animated video was based on its positive role models, age-appropriate storylines for children aged 4–5 years, engaging visual presentation, adequate audiovisual facilities, and relevance to children's daily lives. However, several challenges remained, including differences in children's verbal abilities and limited parental support. These challenges were addressed by selecting shorter video episodes, using simple guiding questions, and implementing active and creative learning strategies. Therefore, the Nussa and Rara animated video can serve as an effective educational medium for stimulating empathy skills in early childhood.
Pengaruh Model PBL Berbantuan Alat Peraga Kubus Satuan terhadap Kemampuan Numerasi Siswa SD pada Materi Volume Bangun Ruang
Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model and unit cube manipulatives in mathematics instruction. However, studies integrating both approaches to improve elementary school students' numeracy skills in geometry remain limited. This study aimed to examine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by unit cube manipulatives on the numeracy skills of fifth-grade students in geometry, particularly on the topic of the volume of cubes and rectangular prisms, at SD Negeri 2 Mangkung. This study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The participants consisted of 29 fifth-grade students selected through the total sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, Levene's homogeneity test, Independent Samples t-test, and effect size analysis (Cohen's d). The results revealed that the experimental class achieved a higher mean posttest score (70.00) than the control class (58.57). The hypothesis test produced a significance value of 0.047 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between the two groups. Furthermore, the effect size value of 0.777 indicated a medium practical effect. Therefore, the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by unit cube manipulatives significantly improved the numeracy skills of fifth-grade students in geometry.
Pengembangan Media Scrapbook pada Mata Pelajaran IPAS Materi Ekosistem Berbasis Problem Posing untuk Siswa Kelas V SDN 4 Cakranegara
This study aims to describe the development process, validity level, and practicality level of a problem-posing-based scrapbook medium for the Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subject on the ecosystem topic for fifth-grade elementary school students. This is a Research and Development (R&D) study adapting Sugiyono's model, limited to seven of ten stages: potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product trial, and product revision. Research subjects consisted of one subject-matter expert, one media expert, one fifth-grade teacher, and eight fifth-grade students at SDN 4 Cakranegara. Data were collected through questionnaires and documentation and analyzed descriptively based on percentage scores. Results show that the developed medium, covering Chapter 2 "Harmony in Ecosystems," topic "Eating and Being Eaten," achieved a validity percentage of 90% from the subject-matter expert and 92% from the media expert, both in the "highly valid" category. The practicality test yielded a 98% response from the teacher and 97% from students, both categorized as "highly practical." These findings indicate that the problem-posing-based scrapbook medium is valid and practical for teaching the ecosystem topic in fifth-grade IPAS classes, although the trial remains limited to a small group and generalization should be made cautiously.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pop Up Book terhadap Pemahaman Konsep IPAS Siswa Kelas IV SDN 28 Cakranegara
Conceptual understanding is a crucial skill for students in IPAS (Natural and Social Sciences) learning. However, because the learning process is still dominated by the use of unengaging media, students' conceptual understanding remains suboptimal therefore, innovative and interactive learning media such as pop up books are needed. This study aimed to determine the effect of using Pop-Up Book media on fourth-grade students’ understanding of IPAS concepts on plant parts material at SDN 28 Cakranegara in the 2025/2026 academic year. This study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The research was conducted at SDN 28 Cakranegara. The subjects consisted of 60 fourth-grade students, including 30 students from Class IV A as the control group and 30 students from Class IV B as the experimental group. The research data were primary data obtained from students’ pretest and posttest scores on concept understanding. Data were collected through tests and observations. The research instrument was a multiple-choice test that had been tested for validity using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and reliability using Cronbach’s Alpha. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Levene’s Test of Homogeneity, and the Independent Samples t-Test with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics 32. The results showed that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous. The hypothesis testing revealed a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that H₀ was rejected and H₁ was accepted. The mean posttest score of the experimental group was 8.67, which was higher than that of the control group at 7.17. Therefore, the use of Pop-Up Book media had a significant effect on fourth-grade students’ understanding of IPAS concepts on plant parts material at SDN 28 Cakranegara. Based on these findings, teachers are recommended to use Pop-Up Book media as an alternative instructional medium to improve students’ conceptual understanding in IPAS learning.
Implikasi Penerapan Polisi Akhlak terhadap Budaya Sekolah di SD Muhammadiyah Kranggan
This study was conducted to examine the implications of the implementation of the moral police for school culture at SD Muhammadiyah Kranggan. A descriptive qualitative approach was adopted, involving the principal, teachers, student members of the moral police, and non-member students selected through purposive sampling. Data were obtained through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive analysis model. The results show that the moral police strengthens religious values, discipline, politeness, social responsibility, cleanliness and healthy habits, learning culture, honesty, and environmental awareness through continuous habituation and active student participation. Its implementation is supported by the principal, teachers, school regulations, and collaboration among all members of the school community. However, several challenges remain, including unequal student awareness of school rules, limited self-confidence among some student members when reminding their peers, and limited supervision. These findings suggest that the moral police program is an effective strategy for strengthening school culture through consistent habituation. The findings also provide practical implications by serving as a reference for other schools in developing character education programs based on students' active participation to foster a positive and sustainable school culture.
Analisis Kerawanan Longsor dengan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) di Desa Kopi, Kecamatan Bulango Utara, Kabupaten Bone Bolango, Gorontalo
Landslides are common natural disasters in Indonesia, particularly in areas with steep topography and high rainfall. Kopi Village, Bulango Utara District, Bone Bolango Regency, Indonesia, has experienced several landslide events and remains susceptible to future occurrences. This study aims to analyze landslide susceptibility in Kopi Village using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) integrated with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The parameters used include slope, rainfall, land use, lithology, and distance from lineaments. The AHP results indicate that slope is the most influential parameter (35%), followed by rainfall (30%), land use (14%), lithology (13%), and distance from lineaments (8%), with a Consistency Ratio (CR) of 0.084. Landslide susceptibility mapping shows that the study area is dominated by the high susceptibility class, covering 3.10 km² (54.34%), followed by the moderate class at 2.05 km² (35.95%) and the low class at 0.55 km² (9.71%). These findings can serve as a basis for landslide mitigation and disaster risk reduction in Kopi Village.
AKM-Based Formative Assessment Instrument for Evaluating Critical Thinking Skills in Thermochemisty Learning
To support the Independent Curriculum and meet 21st century learning expectations, it is critical to design an assessment system that can measure high-level thinking skills. One of the main challenges is the limited availability of formative assessments based on the Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM) that specifically evaluate critical thinking skills in thermochemistry. The goal of this project is to create a formative assessment tool based on the AKM framework that has strong validity and reliability for assessing the thermochemistry-related critical thinking abilities of eleventh-grade high school students. The ADDIE model served as the guiding framework for the development process. Three professional validators assessed the instrument's theoretical validity, while a sample of 34 eleventh-grade students from SMA Hang Tuah 1 Surabaya participated in empirical testing. The findings reveal that the instrument attained an exceptionally high level of theoretical validity, evidenced by content validity of 93.3%, construct validity of 100%, and language validity of 100%. A Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.950 demonstrated the exceptional reliability and empirical validity of all 20 items. The majority of the items on the test were classified as moderately difficult and had a high capacity for discrimination, demonstrating the instrument's good qualitative qualities.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran MEBUPA (Mengenal Budaya Pamekasan) Berbasis Google Sites pada Pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila Kelas V di SDN Polagan 1
This study aimed to develop MEBUPA (Introducing Pamekasan Culture) learning media based on Google Sites that is valid, effective, and attractive for the Pancasila Education subject, specifically on the topic of Introducing Pamekasan Culture, for fifth-grade students at SDN Polagan 1. The media was developed using the ADDIE model and incorporates learning materials in the form of text, images, audio, and videos. The validation results indicated that MEBUPA learning media had a very high level of validity, with assessment scores of 92.5% from the learning media expert, 92.5% from the subject matter expert, 87.5% from the instructional design expert, and 92.5% from the assessment expert. The effectiveness of the media was determined based on students' learning outcomes after using MEBUPA. The results of the Paired Sample t-test showed a significance value (Sig. (2-tailed)) of 0.001 < 0.05 in the small-group trial and 0.000 < 0.05 in the large-group trial. These findings indicate that MEBUPA learning media is effective for use in the learning process. The attractiveness of the media was assessed through teacher and student response questionnaires. In the small-group trial, the teacher response score reached 97.5%, while the student response score was 95.5%. In the large-group trial, the teacher response score was 97.5%, and the student response score reached 96.5%. These results indicate that MEBUPA learning media falls into the very attractive category. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that MEBUPA learning media based on Google Sites is valid, effective, and attractive for use in Pancasila Education learning on the topic of Introducing Pamekasan Culture for fifth-grade students at SDN Polagan 1.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Digital Menggunakan Heyzine Flipbook pada Topik Indonesiaku Kaya Hayatinya untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik
The limited availability of interactive and technology-based teaching materials has become one of the factors contributing to low student engagement and suboptimal learning outcomes in elementary science and social science (IPAS) learning. Therefore, it is necessary to develop innovative digital teaching materials that are engaging, accessible, and aligned with students' learning needs. This study aimed to develop digital teaching materials using the Heyzine Flipbook on the topic of Indonesia's Rich Biodiversity and to determine their validity, practicality, and effectiveness in improving the learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at SDN Taman Pagelaran. This research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The trial subjects were 31 students from Class V-B. Data were collected through expert validation, pretest and posttest assessments, and questionnaires administered to both students and the teacher. The validation results indicated that the developed digital teaching materials were highly valid, with validation scores ranging from 98% to 100% from the subject matter experts, 91% from the language expert, and 95% from the media expert. The trial results demonstrated an improvement in students' learning outcomes, as indicated by an N-Gain score of 0.71, which falls into the high category. Furthermore, the students' responses reached 94%, while the teacher's response achieved 100%, resulting in an overall average of 97%, which is classified as excellent. Therefore, the digital teaching materials developed using the Heyzine Flipbook are considered valid, practical, and effective for use in fifth-grade elementary science and social science (IPAS) learning.
Efektivitas Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Digital untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa SMA pada Materi Pemanasan Global
Problem-solving ability is one of the essential 21st-century competencies that students must develop. However, a preliminary study conducted at a public senior high school revealed that students' problem-solving ability remained low, with an average score of 42.32, far below the minimum mastery criterion (78), due to teacher-centered learning practices. This study aimed to analyze the improvement and effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by the IMOGLOW Flipbook E-Module digital media in enhancing students' problem-solving ability on the topic of Global Warming, as well as to examine students' responses to its implementation. This research employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design. The participants consisted of 60 tenth-grade science students (30 students in the experimental class and 30 students in the control class), selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using pretests, posttests, and a Likert-scale response questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the N-Gain test, prerequisite tests (Shapiro-Wilk and Levene's tests), the Mann-Whitney U test, and Cohen's d effect size with IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. The results indicated that the experimental class achieved a higher average N-Gain score (61.78%, moderately effective) than the control class (42.99%, less effective), with an Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value of < 0.001 and a Cohen's d effect size of 1.272, indicating a very large effect. In addition, students showed highly positive responses toward the learning implementation (89.17%, very good). The study concludes that integrating the Problem Based Learning model with the interactive IMOGLOW Flipbook E-Module is effective in improving students' problem-solving ability on the topic of Global Warming.
Peran Dinas Sosial Kota Mataram dalam Pemberdayaan Penyandang Disabilitas melalui Program Vokasi
Persons with disabilities in Mataram City face a gap between the ideal guarantee of vocational rights (Law No. 8 of 2016, Ministerial Regulation No. 7 of 2021) and the actual low rate of employment absorption, with only 47 individuals absorbed into the formal sector out of a work-ready adult population reaching 1,441 individuals. This study aims to analyze the role of the Mataram City Social Service in empowering persons with disabilities through vocational programs, as well as the factors that influence it. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with subjects determined purposively and informants through snowball sampling, using interviews, observation, and documentation studies, analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, with validity tested through triangulation. The findings show that the Social Service has carried out its role across six indicators access and participation, training quality, skills improvement, job placement and entrepreneurship, support and facilitation, and collaboration and partnership although outcomes are more prominent in small-scale home-based entrepreneurship than in formal job placement. Internal factors (budget, human resources, facilities) and external factors (regulation, partnerships, social stigma) also influence the effectiveness of this role. The study concludes that the success of empowerment depends on the synergy between institutional capacity and the surrounding supportive ecosystem.
Integrasi Game-Based Learning dan Scratch dalam Pembelajaran IPAS untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Amid the shift toward digital and interactive learning encouraged by Indonesia’s Kurikulum Merdeka, the integrated Science and Social Studies (IPAS) subject is still largely taught through lecture-based and memorization methods, leaving abstract material such as light energy difficult for elementary students to grasp. While prior studies have examined Game-Based Learning and Scratch-based media separately, few have investigated their integration within IPAS instruction at the elementary level, a gap this study addresses. This study aimed to describe teacher activity, student activity, and the improvement of IPAS learning outcomes through the application of the Game-Based Learning model assisted by Scratch media in Grade V of MI Muhammadiyah 03 Pucakwangi. This study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach using the Kemmis & McTaggart model conducted in two cycles, with 23 Grade V students as subjects. Data were collected through tests (pretest and posttest), observation, and documentation, then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The results showed that classical learning completeness increased from 56.52% in Cycle I to 86.96% in Cycle II, teacher activity increased from 68.75% to 95.31%, and student activity increased from 62.50% to 85.94%. These findings imply that integrating Game-Based Learning with Scratch media offers a practical, technology-based instructional alternative that strengthens conceptual understanding and active participation, and can serve as a reference model for elementary teachers designing more engaging science instruction. However, the study was limited to a single topic (Light Energy) and depended on access to computers or laptops with a stable internet connection. Therefore, further research is recommended to evaluate the applicability of this model across a broader range of instructional materials, subject areas, and educational levels, as well as to explore the use of the offline version of Scratch in schools with limited access to device and internet connectivity.
Analisis Kemampuan Metakognitif Siswa melalui Think-Aloud pada Materi Aritmatika Sosial
Students’ metacognitive ability in solving social arithmetic problems is not always evident in written answers; therefore, a method is needed to reveal students’ thinking processes more clearly. This study aims to describe students’ metacognitive ability through the think-aloud method on social arithmetic material. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. The subjects were six Grade VII students of MTs Asy-Syafi’iyah Bendung representing high, medium, and low mathematical ability categories, with two students in each category. Data were collected through written tests, think-aloud, and interviews, and were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that students in the high category demonstrated complete metacognitive ability in the aspects of planning, monitoring, and evaluating. Students in the medium category demonstrated the three aspects; however, their monitoring was not yet optimal, especially in adjusting problem-solving steps when errors were found. Students in the low category were able to planning and monitoring the solution process in a simple way; however, their evaluating ability was not yet optimal, particularly in rechecking the answers obtained.
Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Role Playing terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas III UPTD SDN Kamal 2 pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila
This study aimed to determine whether the use of the Role Playing learning method has a significant effect on the learning outcomes of third-grade students at UPTD SDN Kamal 2 in the Pancasila Education subject. The novelty of this study lies in the implementation of the Role Playing learning method on the topic of rights and responsibilities in Pancasila Education based on the Merdeka Curriculum for third-grade elementary school students. This research employed a quantitative approach using an experimental research design. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design. The research sample consisted of all 40 third-grade students at UPTD SDN Kamal 2, who were divided into an experimental class and a control class. Data were collected through classroom observations and achievement tests. The test instrument was examined for validity, reliability, and item difficulty. The prerequisite analyses included normality and homogeneity tests, while the research hypothesis was tested using an independent samples t-test. The findings revealed that the calculated t-value (t = 2.490) was greater than the critical t-value (t = 2.024), with a significance value of 0.017 (< 0.05). Therefore, the null hypothesis (H₀) was rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (Hₐ) was accepted. These results indicate that the implementation of the Role Playing learning method has a significant positive effect on the learning outcomes of third-grade students in the Pancasila Education subject at UPTD SDN Kamal 2. The findings also suggest practical implications for teachers, indicating that the Role Playing learning method can serve as an innovative instructional strategy to enhance students' participation, engagement, and academic achievement, particularly in learning about rights and responsibilities within Pancasila Education.
Implementasi Lesson Study melalui Model Cooperative Learning pada Pembelajaran IPAS di Kelas V SDN 1 Kelayu Selatan
Several challenges are still found in Integrated Science and Social Studies (IPAS) learning in elementary schools. Student participation is relatively low, collaboration among students has not been optimal, and teacher-centered learning methods still dominate classroom activities. Therefore, learning strategies that encourage active participation, collaboration, and student-centered learning are needed. This study aims to describe the implementation of Lesson Study through the Cooperative Learning model in IPAS learning for fifth-grade students at SDN 1 Kelayu Selatan. The study involved 28 fifth-grade students in the second semester of the 2025/2026 academic year and employed a descriptive quantitative research method. The research was carried out through the Plan, Do, and See stages. Data were collected through observations, learning achievement tests, and documentation. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including activity percentages, classical learning mastery, and classical learning achievement. The results showed that the implementation of Lesson Study through the Cooperative Learning model was successfully carried out. The developed learning materials obtained a score of 95, which was categorized as very good. Teacher activities during the learning process were also rated as very good by all observers. The average student score was 93.39, with the highest score of 100 and the lowest score of 75. All students achieved the minimum mastery criteria, resulting in 100% classical learning mastery and a classical learning achievement of 93.39%. These findings indicate that the implementation of Lesson Study through the Cooperative Learning model is effective in improving both the quality of the learning process and students' learning outcomes in IPAS at the elementary school level.
Meningkatkan Aktivitas, Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis, Komunikasi dan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Indonesia melalui Model BARAKAT pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN Karya Baru
This study was motivated by the low levels of student activity, critical thinking skills, communication skills, and Indonesian language learning outcomes among fourth-grade students at SDN Karya Baru. Initial classroom observations showed that learning remained teacher-centered, provided limited opportunities for structured collaboration, and rarely trained students to analyze texts and communicate the reasons for their answers. This study aimed to describe teacher activity and analyze improvements in student activity, critical thinking, communication, and learning outcomes through the BARAKAT model, which integrates Problem Based Learning, Numbered Heads Together, and Talking Stick. This classroom action research was conducted in four meetings involving 15 students. Data were collected through observation and learning outcome tests and analyzed descriptively. Teacher activity increased from 19 to 32; student activity increased from 27% to 87%; critical thinking skills increased from 13% to 87%; communication skills increased from 20% to 87%; and classical learning mastery increased from 20% to 100%. These findings indicate that BARAKAT supports active and collaborative Indonesian language learning by linking problem analysis, individual accountability in groups, and equitable speaking opportunities.
Convective Rainfall Z-R Equation Characteristics for C-Band Weather Radar in the Jakarta Region
Operational quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) from the C-Band weather radar in Jakarta still relies on the generic Marshall-Palmer (Z=200R^1.6) and Rosenfeld Tropical (Z=250R^1.2) Z-R relationships, neither calibrated to the local Drop Size Distribution (DSD) of convective rainfall in this tropical maritime region. This study aimed to derive a locally modified Z-R coefficient specific to convective rain, defined as rain rate ≥10 mm/hour, using a statistical regression optimization approach. Volumetric raw data (.vol) from the Tangerang C-Band radar were paired with hourly rainfall records from 32 automatic rain gauges (ARG and AWS) within a 50 km radius during January–April 2024, following Column Maximum (CMAX) extraction and quality control procedures. Linear regression on log-transformed reflectivity and rainfall data yielded a new convective equation, Z=152R^1.4, with a correlation coefficient of 0.6972 and coefficient of determination of 0.4861. These moderate values are consistent with the naturally wide Drop Size Distribution spectrum of convective rainfall, rather than indicating a weak physical relationship between reflectivity and rain rate. Taylor Diagram verification showed the new equation sustaining a correlation of approximately 0.95, close to observed variability, with root mean square error near 3.9 dBZ, outperforming Marshall-Palmer and Rosenfeld Tropical in balancing correlation and standard deviation under convective conditions. These findings support operational adoption of a locally derived convective Z-R relationship for Jakarta's radar-based rainfall estimation.
Strategi Komunikasi Guru untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Bekerja Sama Siswa Kelas IV pada Mata Pelajaran IPAS di SDN Model Mataram
This study aims to describe the teacher's communication strategies in Integrated Science and Social Studies (IPAS) learning, describe the collaborative skills of fourth-grade students, and analyze the role of teachers' communication strategies in developing students' collaborative skills in the IPAS subject at SD Model Mataram. This study employed a qualitative approach using a case study design. The research participants consisted of one fourth-grade teacher and 17 fourth-grade students. Data were collected through passive participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The trustworthiness of the data was ensured through technique, source, and time triangulation. The findings revealed that the teacher's communication strategies comprised five dimensions: clarity of instructional delivery, the use of adaptive language, constructive feedback, persuasive communication, and group communication management. Students' collaborative skills encompassed active participation, respect for others' opinions, responsibility, group communication, and conflict resolution. The study concludes that teachers' communication strategies play a pivotal role in fostering students' collaborative skills by creating a conducive learning environment and providing systematic and well-planned guidance
Penerapan Model GEMAR untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis, Kerja Sama, dan Komunikasi Siswa Kelas V pada Pembelajaran IPAS
This study was motivated by the low levels of critical thinking, collaboration, and communication skills of fifth-grade students in IPAS learning at SDN Kuin Selatan 5 Banjarmasin. The learning process was still teacher-centered, resulting in limited student participation and suboptimal learning outcomes. This study aimed to describe teacher and student activities and to analyze the improvement of students' critical thinking, collaboration, and communication skills through the implementation of the GEMAR learning model, which combines Problem Based Learning (PBL), Numbered Heads Together (NHT), and Team Games Tournament (TGT). This research employed Classroom Action Research conducted in four meetings involving 12 fifth-grade students. Data were collected through observation sheets of teacher activities, student activities, critical thinking skills, collaboration skills, communication skills, and learning achievement tests. The data were analyzed descriptively using percentages and improvement trends across each meeting. The findings revealed that teacher activities improved from the good category to the very good category, while student activities reached the very active category. Students' critical thinking, collaboration, and communication skills also improved consistently and achieved the predetermined success indicators. These improvements contributed to better learning outcomes both individually and classically. Therefore, the GEMAR learning model effectively enhances the quality of IPAS learning by improving teacher activities, student participation, critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and learning outcomes.
Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Berbasis Articulate Storyline 3 Materi Gaya untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas IV SDN Gayam 2
Learning science and social studies (IPAS) in elementary school requires media that can present material in a concrete, engaging, and interactive way so that students can more easily understand the concepts being taught. However, learning IPAS in the 4th grade at SDN Gayam 2 is still dominated by lectures and textbook use, making it difficult for students to understand the material on the effects of force on objects. This study aims to develop interactive multimedia based on Articulate Storyline 3 that is valid, practical, and effective for the material on the effects of force on objects. This research uses a Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model, which includes Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research subjects consisted of 23 4th-grade students at SDN Gayam 2, including 8 students in a limited trial and 15 students in a wider trial. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, questionnaires, and tests. Data analysis was conducted to determine the level of validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the media. The research results show that the developed interactive multimedia achieved a validity of 83%, categorized as very valid, practicality of 92%, categorized as very practical, and effectiveness with an N-Gain value of 0.75, categorized as high. Therefore, interactive multimedia based on Articulate Storyline 3 is suitable to be used to improve student learning outcomes.
Analisis Persepsi Siswa terhadap Penerapan Deep Learning dalam Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar
Current educational reforms have increasingly highlighted the importance of implementing deep learning to foster meaningful learning, higher-order thinking skills, and the ability to apply knowledge in authentic situations. Although numerous studies have investigated the effectiveness of deep learning in enhancing students’ learning outcomes, research examining students’ perceptions of its implementation, particularly in elementary education, remains limited. The novelty of this study lies in exploring students’ perceptions of deep learning implementation through four interconnected dimensions: cognitive, affective, social-collaborative, and reflective-applicative within the elementary school learning context. This study aimed to investigate students’ perceptions of the implementation of deep learning in classroom instruction at MIM 05 Tegalrejo. A descriptive qualitative approach was adopted, involving one Grade V teacher and Grade V and Grade VI students selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The trustworthiness of the data was established using source, technique, and time triangulation, while data were analyzed through the processes of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that students generally held positive perceptions of the implementation of deep learning across the four dimensions examined. They demonstrated the ability to understand concepts, think logically, collaborate with peers, and relate classroom learning to real-life experiences. In addition, students exhibited strong learning motivation, active participation, reflective thinking, and a willingness to apply acquired knowledge in everyday contexts. Questionnaire findings further indicated that the cognitive, affective, social-collaborative, and reflective-applicative dimensions were predominantly rated within the good and very good categories. However, perceptions related to evaluation and assessment were relatively less favorable, with only 60% of students reporting satisfaction with the fairness of assessment, while 40% indicated that the feedback provided by teachers still required improvement. These findings suggest that deep learning has the potential to promote meaningful learning experiences in elementary education. Therefore, teachers are encouraged to enhance student-centered instructional practices, implement fair and transparent assessment procedures, and provide ongoing constructive feedback to maximize the effectiveness of deep learning in primary school classrooms.
Pengembangan WEPICSAL (Website Pembelajaran Interaktif Carrd.co Berbantuan Website Spasial) pada Materi Kubus dan Balok Kelas VI Sekolah Dasar
Mathematics is an essential subject taught at every level of education, and geometry, one of its branches most closely connected to students' daily lives, plays a key role in developing spatial ability, particularly through the cube and cuboid material taught in sixth grade. However, field observations revealed that teachers still commonly rely on conventional media such as cardboard cubes, resulting in students who struggle to visualize, construct, and represent three-dimensional shapes, indicating the need for an interactive learning medium to support this ability. This study aims to describe the development process of WEPICSAL (Website for Interactive Learning on Carrd.co Assisted by Spatial Website), an interactive web-based learning medium on cube and cuboid material for sixth-grade elementary school students, and to determine its validity and practicality. The medium was developed using the Research and Development method with the ADDIE model, comprising analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. WEPICSAL uses Carrd.co as its display and navigation platform, supplemented by spatial websites, namely the Isometric Drawing Tool and 3D Builder Math Playground, and was designed with a Problem-Based Learning approach. The results show that WEPICSAL was successfully developed through all five ADDIE stages. Validity scores reached 77.5% from material experts and 94.7% from media experts, both indicating valid categories. Practicality reached 93.7% in the small-group trial, 96.9% in the large-group trial, and 96.3% based on teacher responses, all of which were categorized as highly practical. WEPICSAL is therefore considered a valid and practical learning medium for cube and cuboid material.
Penerapan Metode Solfegio sebagai Strategi Pembelajaran Vokal pada Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Musik di SMK TI NWDI Wanasaba
This study aims to describe the implementation of the solfeggio method as a strategy in vocal learning and to identify the impacts resulting from its application in extracurricular music activities at SMK TI NWDI Wanasaba. The study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Data were collected through structured interviews, participatory observations during the activities, and document analysis. The findings revealed that the implementation of the solfeggio method was carried out gradually, beginning with the introduction of basic musical concepts, followed by exercises in pitch and rhythm recognition, and culminating in the direct application of singing songs. The application of this method demonstrated highly positive outcomes, including improved students’ understanding of fundamental music concepts, greater accuracy in intonation and rhythm, enhanced vocal technique mastery, and increased self-confidence in singing performances. These findings indicate that the solfeggio method is an effective approach for developing students’ vocal abilities at the vocational high school level.
Pengaruh Media Big book Bermuatan Cerita Rakyat Bima La Hila terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Siswa Kelas III di SDN 11 Kempo
Reading is one of the basic skills that elementary school students must master. However, many students in the early grades still struggle with early reading, so innovative and engaging learning materials are needed to support the learning process. This study aims to determine the effect of using a Big book containing the Bima folktale “La Hila” on the early reading skills of third-grade students at SDN 11 Kempo. This study employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The study population consisted of 26 students, comprising 13 students in the experimental class and 13 students in the control class. Data collection techniques included pre-tests and post-tests, while data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, normality tests, homogeneity tests, and an Independent Samples t-test. The results showed that the experimental class’s pre-test mean score of 68.92 increased to 89.46 on the post-test, while the control class’s score increased from 63.92 to 80.00. The results of the normality test showed that the data were normally distributed, and the homogeneity test indicated that the data were homogeneous with a significance value of 0.978 > 0.05. Furthermore, the results of the independent samples t-test showed a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05) and a calculated t-value of 4.294, which was greater than the critical t-value of 2.064. Thus, H₀ is rejected and Hₐ is accepted, leading to the conclusion that the use of Big book media containing the Bima folktale “La Hila” has a positive and significant effect on students’ early reading skills. The findings of this study indicate that integrating local folktales into Big book media is not only effective in improving early reading skills but can also foster students’ appreciation for local culture.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Course Review Horay (CRH) pada Pembelajaran IPAS Siswa Kelas IV SDN 3 Megang Sakti
The low student learning outcomes in IPAS (Natural and Social Sciences) indicate a need to implement an engaging learning model that can boost student participation in the learning process. One such model is Course Review Horay (CRH), as it is capable of creating an enjoyable learning atmosphere. This study aims to determine the significant improvement in the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students of SDN 3 Megang Sakti in science after the implementation of the Course Review Horay (CRH) learning model. The research method used is a pre-experimental design with one group pre-test and post-test categories. The population in this study were all fourth-grade students of SDN 3 Megang Sakti, totaling 20 students and the research sample was fourth-grade students totaling 20 students, consisting of 8 male students and 12 female students taken by saturated sampling. The data collection technique used a multiple-choice test technique. The data analysis technique used a paired t-test. Based on the data analysis, the average pre-test score was 50.35 and the average post-test score was 82.30, with a t-count of -17.175 with df = 19 and a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.05 (0.001 <0.05), so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that the results of the science learning of fourth grade students at SDN 3 Megang Sakti after implementing the Course Review Horay (CRH) learning model can significantly improve student learning outcomes.
Systematic Literature Review: Profil Literasi Digital dalam Pembelajaran Biologi di Sekolah Menengah Atas
The digital era demands that students be capable of accessing, comprehending, evaluating, and utilizing digital information critically and responsibly. However, studies specifically mapping digital literacy profiles within high school (SMA) biology education remain limited and fragmented. This study aims to identify research trends, describe primary research focuses, analyze students' digital literacy profiles, and map the benefits, challenges, and developments of research regarding digital literacy in high school biology education during the 2021–2025 period. The study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach following the PRISMA protocol. Articles were retrieved using the *Publish or Perish* application, linked to Google Scholar and other reputable academic databases. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer software to map thematic interconnections and keyword trends. The findings indicate that the digital literacy profiles of high school students in biology education range from low to high, depending on the context and instruments employed. The most frequently studied digital literacy indicators include information-seeking skills, content evaluation, and digital navigation. Factors influencing digital literacy include technology availability, learning models, and the implementation of digital-based interactive media. The integration of digital platforms and media—such as e-modules, Google Classroom, Augmented Reality, and gamification-based media—has been shown to significantly enhance digital literacy. The study concludes that strengthening digital literacy in high school biology education requires a structured approach utilizing integrated, technology-based learning strategies.
Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Digital Berbasis Model Sq3r pada Materi Teks Narasi terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Siswa Kelas V SDN Tanjung Jati 2
Learning materials used in elementary schools are still primarily limited to printed textbooks and have not been systematically designed to support the stages of reading comprehension. As a result, many fifth-grade students continue to experience difficulties in understanding texts, identifying explicit information, and drawing conclusions from reading passages.This research and development aims to determine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the digital learning module based on the SQ3R model on narrative text material towards the reading comprehension ability of fifth-grade students of SDN Tanjung Jati 2. This study uses the Plomp development model which consists of three stages, namely preliminary research, development phase, and assessment phase. The research subjects include material experts, learning design experts, and teaching material experts as validators. Individual tests were conducted on 3 sixth-grade students, small group tests on 6 sixth-grade students, and field tests on 19 fifth-grade students. The results of the study showed that the developed module met the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The validity of the product was shown by the validation results of material experts at 82%, learning design experts at 97%, and teaching material experts at 96%. The practicality of the product was shown through observations of teacher activities at 96.65% and student activities at 92.05%. The effectiveness of the product was shown by classical learning completeness at 94.73%. Thus, the digital learning module based on the SQ3R model is declared valid, practical, and effective for use in learning Indonesian in elementary schools.
Model Procont Games: Inovasi Pembelajaran IPAS untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis dan Kolaborasi Murid Sekolah Dasar
This study was motivated by the low levels of student engagement, critical thinking skills, collaboration skills, and student learning outcomes in the IPAS subject. This indicates that the learning model previously used has not been able to create an active learning process or effectively encourage students to think critically and collaborate. This study aims to describe teacher activities and analyze student activities, critical thinking skills, collaboration skills, and student learning outcomes using the Procont Games model. The Procont Games model is a combination of three learning approaches: Problem-Based Learning, Contextual Teaching and Learning, and Team Games Tournament. This study employed a qualitative approach using Classroom Action Research (CAR), conducted over four sessions. The research subjects were fourth-grade students at SDN Benua Anyar 8 in Banjarmasin during the 2025/2026 school year, consisting of 21 students 13 boys and 8 girls. Data collection techniques included observation sheets and written tests, while data analysis was conducted using percentages and classical success indicators. The results of the study show that teacher activity, student activity, critical thinking skills, collaboration skills, and overall learning outcomes reached 100%. It can be concluded that the use of the Procont Games model successfully improved teacher activity, student activity, critical thinking skills, collaboration skills, and learning outcomes in elementary school students’ IPAS (Integrated Natural Sciences) lessons.
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Pemecahan Masalah, Berpikir Kritis, dan Memberikan Pendapat, Menggunakan Model Pena pada Muatan Pendidikan Pancasila Kelas V SDN Kuin Utara
The low mastery of problem solving, critical thinking, and opinion-expressing skills among Grade V students at SDN Kuin Utara 1 was evident from baseline data showing that 65% of students tended to be passive, 75% struggled to turn a problem into a question, 70% found it difficult to draw logical conclusions, and 82% were not yet confident in expressing their opinions. This study aimed to describe teacher and student activities and to analyze the improvement of these three skills through the implementation of the PENA model in Pancasila Education. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Example Non-Example (ENE), and Numbered Head Together (NHT) into a single learning model, PENA, designed to develop these three 21st-century skills simultaneously. This study used a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design carried out in four meetings, involving 22 fifth grade students of the 2025/2026 academic year at SDN Kuin Utara 1 Banjarmasin. Qualitative data were obtained through observation of teacher activity, student activity, and the three target skills, while quantitative data were obtained from individual cognitive learning tests. The results showed consistent improvement at every meeting: teacher activity increased from a score of 27 to 32 (very good criterion), and classical student activity increased from 18% to 91% (very active criterion). Students' problem-solving, critical thinking, and opinion-expressing skills increased from 23%, 18%, and 18% respectively to 91% (very skilled criterion) by the fourth meeting, while classical mastery of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor learning outcomes rose from 59% to 100%, exceeding the minimum success indicator of ≥76%. It can therefore be concluded that the implementation of the PENA model is effective in improving learning activity as well as problem-solving skills, critical thinking, and the ability to express opinions among fifth-grade students in Pancasila Education.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning bermuatan Cerita Rakyat Sasak terhadap Keterampilan Berbicara Siswa Kelas V SDN 15 Cakranegara
Speaking skills are one of the essential competencies that need to be developed among elementary school students. However, the speaking skills of fifth-grade students at SDN 15 Cakranegara still need improvement, as many students are not yet able to retell stories coherently, use appropriate intonation and expression, and speak confidently in front of the class. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model integrated with Sasak folktales on the speaking skills of fifth-grade students at SDN 15 Cakranegara. This study employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental research design with a one-group pretest–posttest design. The sample consisted of 35 students selected through the saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and a speaking performance test and were analyzed using the N-Gain test. The learning activities involved the preparation of a story map based on the Sasak folktale Putri Mandalika, which served as a guide for students in retelling the story orally. The results showed that the mean pretest score increased from 67.29 to 81.14 in the posttest. The average N-Gain score was 0.43, which was categorized as medium. The improvement was reflected in the students’ ability to retell stories coherently, use clear language, demonstrate appropriate intonation and expression, understand the story content, and speak confidently in front of the class. Therefore, the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model integrated with Sasak folktales had a positive effect on the speaking skills of fifth-grade students at SDN 15 Cakranegara.
The Impact of English Slang in Indonesian Efl Students to Enhance Student’s Speaking Skill
English speaking proficiency remains a challenge for many Indonesian EFL students due to limited opportunities to practice authentic communication and low self-confidence in using the language. Since English slang is commonly used in everyday communication and digital media, it has the potential to create a more engaging and natural speaking environment for students. This study aimed to investigate the impact of English slang on Indonesian EFL students’ speaking skill. A qualitative research design was employed involving 17 tenth-grade students at a vocational high school in Indonesia. Data were collected through observation checklists, speaking performance assessments, students’ self-reflection questionnaires, and documentation. The students participated in pair conversations on various topics and were encouraged to use English slang expressions appropriately. The findings indicate that all students actively participated in the activity, used English to communicate, and incorporated slang expressions into their conversations. Most students achieved a rating of Good or Very Good in their speaking performance, particularly in terms of fluency, pronunciation, confidence, and the use of English slang. Self-reflection results also indicate that students felt more comfortable, confident, and motivated when speaking English using slang expressions. In addition, students felt that slang made conversations more natural and helped them express their ideas more easily. These findings suggest that English slang can positively support students’ speaking skills by boosting their self-confidence, participation, fluency, and communicative engagement in EFL classrooms.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Dengan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Kartu Bilangan Pada Siswa Kelas 2
This study aimed to improve the mathematics learning outcomes of second-grade students at SD Negeri 01 Klitik on addition and subtraction through the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by number card media. The study employed a qualitative approach using Classroom Action Research (CAR), conducted in two stages: the pre-cycle and Cycle I, consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The participants were 16 second-grade students. Data were collected through tests, observations, and documentation, and analyzed descriptively using learning mastery percentages and classroom activity data. The findings revealed that the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning model assisted by number card media significantly improved students' mathematics learning outcomes. In the pre-cycle stage, the average score was 71.19, with a learning mastery rate of 18.75% (3 out of 16 students). After the implementation of the intervention in Cycle I, the average score increased to 80.56, while the learning mastery rate rose to 93.75% (15 out of 16 students). In addition, teacher activity reached 99%, and student activity achieved 95%, both categorized as very good. These findings indicate that the Problem-Based Learning model supported by number card media is effective in improving mathematics learning outcomes, student engagement, and numeracy skills among second-grade elementary school students in addition and subtraction lessons.
Perbedaan Problem Solving dengan PBL Menggunakan Website HTML5 dan Ispring pada Materi Dinamika Gerak
The low level of students' problem-solving skills in the topic of motion dynamics indicates the need for learning media that can effectively support students in analyzing and solving physics-related problems. This study aimed to analyze the differences in students' problem-solving abilities through the implementation of HTML5 website-based media and iSpring media using the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on motion dynamics material. This research employed a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design involving two experimental classes. Data were analyzed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, independent sample t-tests, and N-gain tests. The results showed that the average posttest score of students' problem-solving abilities in the class using HTML5 website-based media was 78.93, which was higher than that of the class using iSpring media at 71.86. A significance value of 0.016 indicated a significant difference in problem-solving abilities between the two classes, while the N-gain scores of 0.64 and 0.50 demonstrated moderate improvement in both groups. The study concludes that the use of HTML5 website-based media through the PBL model is more effective than iSpring media in enhancing students' problem-solving abilities in motion dynamics material.
Karakteristik Kecepatan Gelombang Geser (Vs) Menggunakan Metode Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) di Bandara Internasional Yogyakarta
Reliable information on subsurface conditions is essential during the planning and development of airport infrastructure, as variations in soil properties can signiticantly affect foundation stability and construction performance. Shear wave velocity (Vs) is an important geophysical parameter for assessing the mechanical behavior and lithological characteristics of near-surface materials. This study aims to analyze shear wave velocity (Vs) as an indicator of subsurface lithological characteristics at Yogyakarta International Airport using the Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) method. The MASW technique was applied due to its effectiveness as a non-destructive method for obtaining Vs profiles relevant to geotechnical evaluation. The results indicate that at depths of 1–4 m, shear wave velocities range from 220.2 m/s to 315.7 m/s, corresponding to loose sand lithology. At greater depths of 5–15 m, the Vs values increase to between 370 m/s and 390 m/s, indicating more compact sand layers. These findings suggest that the shallow subsurface is dominated by weathered, loose, and soft materials, which are less favorable for supporting heavy infrastructure such as airport runways.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Berbasis PowerPoint pada Materi Sistem Pencernaan Manusia (IPAS Kelas IV SD)
The integration of interactive media in elementary education is essential to enhance students' understanding of complex science topics such as the human digestive system. This study aimed to develop an interactive PowerPoint-based learning media for the topic of the human digestive system in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) for fourth-grade elementary school students, as well as to determine the feasibility and practicality of the developed media. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, which consists of five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The study was conducted at SDN Tempuran 4, Ngawi Regency, involving elementary school students and classroom teachers. Data were collected through observations, interviews, documentation, expert validation questionnaires (media, material, and language experts), and user response questionnaires. The results indicated that the developed interactive PowerPoint-based learning media was highly feasible and practical for use in the learning process. This was evidenced by the validation scores from media experts (86%), material experts (71%), and language experts (98%). Furthermore, the media received highly positive responses from teachers (94%) and students (94%), both categorized as excellent. Therefore, the interactive PowerPoint-based learning media is considered effective in improving the quality of learning in elementary schools.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar PPKN Menggunakan Model PBL Berbantuan Media Smart Box Pancasila pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN 3 Kanigoro
Learning outcomes in Pancasila and Civic Education (PPKn), particularly on the topic of Pancasila, remain unsatisfactory because many students experience difficulties in understanding concepts through conventional teacher-centered instruction. Therefore, innovative learning models supported by engaging instructional media are needed to promote active participation and improve students' understanding. This study aimed to improve students' learning outcomes in Pancasila and Civic Education (PPKn) on the topic of Pancasila through the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by the Smart Box Pancasila learning media for fourth-grade students at SDN 03 Kanigoro. This study employed Classroom Action Research (CAR), which was conducted in two cycles consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The participants were 15 fourth-grade students. Data were collected through tests, observations, and documentation and analyzed using descriptive analysis. The findings revealed that the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning model assisted by Smart Box Pancasila effectively improved students' learning outcomes and classroom participation. The percentage of students achieving the minimum mastery criterion increased from 33% in the pre-cycle to 67% in Cycle I and reached 100% in Cycle II. In addition, students became more actively involved in discussions, expressed their opinions more confidently, collaborated effectively with peers, and demonstrated better problem-solving skills related to Pancasila. The Smart Box Pancasila media also created a more engaging, interactive, and student-centered learning environment. Therefore, the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning model assisted by Smart Box Pancasila was proven to be effective in improving the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students in Pancasila and Civic Education.
Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Berbasis AI Assistant terhadap Literasi Sains pada Materi Perubahan Wujud Benda Kelas IV
Science literacy among Indonesian elementary school students remains relatively low, as reflected in difficulties explaining scientific phenomena, interpreting data, and applying scientific concepts to everyday situations. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based learning media offer an interactive, student-centered approach to address this issue. This study aimed to examine the effect of AI Assistant-based learning media on the science literacy of fourth-grade students in learning changes in the states of matter. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method and Nonequivalent Control Group Design was employed. The sample consisted of 32 students assigned to an experimental class and a control class. Data were collected using pretest and posttest science literacy assessments and analyzed through N-Gain, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, Mann–Whitney U Test, and Cohen's d Effect Size. The results showed a significant difference in science literacy improvement between the two groups (Asymp. Sig. = 0.017, p < 0.05). The experimental class achieved a higher average N-Gain (0.64) than the control class (0.48), while Cohen's d value of 0.9226 indicated a large effect. Therefore, AI Assistant-based learning media effectively improved students' science literacy. These findings suggest that AI Assistant can support the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum and promote innovative science learning in elementary schools.
Pengembangan Media Diorama Berbasis Literasi Sosial untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar pada Mata Pelajaran IPAS Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Learning on the topics of production, distribution, and consumption in elementary schools is still dominated by conventional teaching methods and limited learning media, resulting in low student engagement, inadequate social literacy, and unsatisfactory learning outcomes. Since these topics are closely related to students' social interactions and everyday economic activities, learning media that integrate social literacy are needed to promote meaningful learning experiences. This study aimed to develop social literacy-based diorama media and to determine its feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness in improving the IPAS (Natural and Social Sciences) learning outcomes of fifth-grade elementary school students. The study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which comprises the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research subjects consisted of 39 fifth-grade students from SDN 1 Kerjo, SDN 3 Kedungsigit, and SDN 3 Jatiprahu in Trenggalek Regency. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, documentation, and tests. The results showed that the media received validation percentages of 87% from subject matter experts, 78% from linguists, 80% from media experts, and 87% from practitioners, placing it in the "valid" to "highly valid" categories. Student responses reached 86.46% in the small-scale trial and 90.93% in the large-scale trial, while teacher responses reached 89% and 92%, respectively. Student learning outcomes improved from 47.0 to 90.4 in the small-scale trial and from 51.6 to 87.4 in the large-scale trial. Thus, the social literacy-based diorama media is considered feasible, practical, and effective for use in fifth-grade elementary school IPAS instruction.
Analisis Dampak dan Adaptasi Masyarakat terhadap Bencana Lingkungan Akibat Tambang Galian C di Desa Korleko Selatan Kecamatan Labuhan Haji
This research aims to analyze the physical (spatial), social, and economic impacts, as well as how the community adapts to environmental disasters caused by C-mining activities in Korleko Selatan Village, Labuhan Haji District. This study employed a mixed-method approach (descriptive qualitative and spatial analysis based on GIS). Qualitative data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation, while spatial data collection uses direct observation and satellite imagery. Qualitative data analysis techniques used the Miles and Huberman Model (1992), followed by spatial analysis based on QGis with digitization to visualize the distribution of physical impacts of environmental disasters caused by mining activities. The research results showed that the impact of C-mining activities includes interrelated physical, social, and economic effects. The physical impacts include the decline in water quality of the Rumpang River, changes in agricultural land conditions, potential landslides, and road damage. The social impacts include disturbances due to dust, increased farmer concerns, and community conflicts with miners. Then, the economic impact includes the opening of job opportunities and sources of Regional Original Income (PAD), but on the other hand, it causes losses to farmers due to decreased crop yields, which affect their income. The community adapted by adjusting agricultural patterns, changing livelihoods, utilizing alternative water sources, and conducting demonstrations and agreements to mitigate the impact.
Analisis Kualitas Instrumen Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa SMA pada Materi Suhu dan Kalor Menggunakan Model Rasch
Problem-solving ability is an essential competency in physics learning; therefore, a high-quality assessment instrument is required to measure students' abilities accurately. This study aimed to analyze the quality of a physics problem-solving ability instrument on the topic of temperature and heat using the Rasch Model. This research employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive research design involving 54 senior high school students (26 males and 28 females). The instrument consisted of five essay questions comprising 25 scored sub-items based on Heller's problem-solving indicators. Data were analyzed using Ministep version 5.10.3 software by examining item validity, reliability, item discrimination, item difficulty, Differential Item Functioning (DIF), and the Wright Map. The results showed that 21 sub-items met all item fit criteria, while four sub-items met two of the three criteria. The instrument demonstrated good psychometric quality with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.89, Person Reliability of 0.88, and Item Reliability of 0.96. Item discrimination was generally good, only four sub-items were identified with DIF, and the Wright Map indicated good targeting between students' abilities and item difficulty. Therefore, the instrument is valid, reliable, fair, and suitable for measuring students' problem-solving ability. It can also serve as an alternative assessment tool for teachers and researchers in physics education.
Identifikasi Degradasi Tutupan Lahan dan Kerapatan Vegetasi Menggunakan Algoritma Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis di Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Land vegetation cover change is an important indicator for assessing the environmental condition of a region and can be influenced by various factors, including population growth. Sidoarjo Regency, as one of the buffer areas of Surabaya City, has experienced rapid regional development, which has the potential to affect vegetation conditions. This study aims to analyze changes in vegetation land cover in Sidoarjo Regency from 2020 to 2025 using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) method based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and to examine its relationship with population growth. The data used consisted of Landsat satellite imagery from 2020–2025 and population data of Sidoarjo Regency obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The analysis was conducted through satellite image processing to obtain NDVI values, spatial mapping of vegetation land cover, analysis of NDVI value changes, and Pearson correlation analysis between NDVI values and population size. The results showed that the average NDVI values of Sidoarjo Regency during the study period ranged from 0.38536 to 0.41624, indicating the dominance of moderate vegetation cover. The highest NDVI value occurred in 2022 at 0.41624, while the lowest value was recorded in 2023 at 0.38536. The correlation analysis produced a correlation coefficient of -0.294, indicating a weak negative relationship between population growth and changes in vegetation land cover. Thus, population growth has not been the dominant factor influencing vegetation land cover changes in Sidoarjo Regency during the 2020–2025 period. Other factors, such as land use, agricultural activities, environmental conditions, and spatial planning policies, are also suspected to contribute to vegetation dynamics in the study area.
Efek Melaleuca Cajuputi terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Organ Paru Tikus yang Diinduksi Asap Rokok
Exposure to cigarette smoke can cause lung tissue damage through mechanisms of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil contains 1,8-cineole and flavonoids, which possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, thereby offering potential protective effects on lung tissue. This study aimed to analyze the effects of Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil on the histopathological features of the lungs in cigarette smoke-induced rats. This experimental study used 28 male Wistar rats divided into four groups: negative control, positive control (cigarette smoke exposure), treatment group 1 (cigarette smoke exposure + Melaleuca cajuputi aromatherapy at a dose of 0.5 mL), and treatment group 2 (cigarette smoke exposure + aromatherapy at a dose of 1 mL). The treatments were administered for 30 days, with exposure to two cigarettes per day and aromatherapy for 15 minutes daily. Histopathological parameters assessed included inflammatory cell infiltration and alveolar septal destruction. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney test. The results showed that administration of Melaleuca cajuputi at a dose of 0.5 mL significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration scores and alveolar septal destruction compared to the positive control group. Administration of the 1 mL dose significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration; however, it did not show a significant difference in alveolar septal destruction compared to the positive control group.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TGT Berbantuan Media Wordwall terhadap Hasil Belajar IPAS Siswa Kelas IV SDN 15 Cakranegara Tahun Ajaran 2025/2026
This research is based on the low student learning outcomes in science and natural science (IPAS) subjects as well as teacher-centered learning and the lack of use of interactive media in learning. This study aims to determine the effect of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model assisted by Wordwall media on the science and natural science (IPAS) learning outcomes of fourth-grade students of Elementary cchool 15 Cakranegara in the 2025/2026 academic year. This study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method of the Nonequivalent Control Group Design type. The population consists of all fourth-grade students of of Elementary cchool 15 Cakranegara. The sample was selected using a saturated sampling technique, with Class IVA as the experimental group and Class IVB as the control group. The research instrument was a learning outcome test in the form of multiple-choice questions that measure cognitive indicators of analyzing and evaluating. Data were collected through tests and observations. Observational data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while learning outcome data were analyzed using n-gain test, prerequisite test, and independent sample t-test for hypothesis testing, with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The results of hypothesis testing showed a significance value of less than 0.001 < 0.05, which indicated that H₀ was rejected and Hₐ was accepted. In addition, the average posttest score of the experimental group was 83.75, which was higher than the control group, which was 78.91. This indicates that the use of the TGT cooperative learning model assisted by wordwall media has a significant influence on the science learning outcomes of fourth-grade students of of Elementary cchool 15 Cakranegara.
Efektivitas Media Pop-Up Book Berbasis Bentuk Benda-Benda pada Obyek Wisata Kediri Materi Bangun Ruang Kelas 5 Sekolah Dasar
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a Pop-Up Book media based on the shapes of objects found at tourist attractions in Kediri in improving the understanding of three-dimensional geometry concepts among fifth-grade elementary school students. The study employed a quantitative approach using the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model, focusing on the implementation stage. The research subjects consisted of 26 students who participated in both limited-scale and large-scale trials. Data were collected through pretests and posttests and analyzed using classical learning mastery and N-Gain calculations. The results showed an improvement in learning outcomes, with the average achievement increasing from 66.6% in the pretest (6 students achieving mastery) to 90% in the posttest (20 students achieving mastery), accompanied by an increase in the percentage of learning mastery. The N-Gain scores were categorized as moderate, indicating that the media was sufficiently effective in improving learning outcomes, with N-Gain values of 0.38 in the limited-scale trial and 0.46 in the large-scale trial. The Pop-Up Book media was able to visualize three-dimensional geometry concepts concretely and contextually, making it easier for students to understand the material. In addition, the media enhanced students’ motivation and engagement in the learning process. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Pop-Up Book media based on local tourist attraction contexts is effective for teaching three-dimensional geometry in elementary schools.
EFL Students’ Reliance on ChatGPT as Writing Support: A Study on Thesis Writing at Hamzanwadi University
The research investigates the use of ChatGPT by EFL learners for their thesis writing in Hamzanwadi University. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was utilized whereby quantitative data were collected through questionnaires from 55 participants who are in the eighth semester while qualitative data were obtained from semi-structured interviews conducted with five purposive respondents. The study results showed a high level of functional reliance on ChatGPT with respect to the ability to understand certain complex theories, improve the grammar, and write paragraphs among students. Yet, psychological and cognitive dependence of students were at moderate levels. Hence, students are able to retain their critical thinking abilities and independence in academic pursuits and consider AI as their cooperating language helper rather than cognitive worker's replacement. Such a phenomenon that may be called "Controlled Reliance" proves that expansion of AI technologies application is not a reason for the lack of independent thinking. Therefore, the higher education institutions are encouraged to devise AI literacy courses aimed at enhancing the usage of artificial intelligence rather than prohibitive measures.
Persepsi Guru IPA terhadap Praktek Asesmen Diagnostik untuk Memetakan Kendala Belajar Siswa SMP pada Implementasi Pembelajaran Mendalam
This research aims to describe and analyze science teachers' perceptions of diagnostic assessment practices and their utilization in mapping student learning constraints during the implementation of the deep learning approach. The study employed a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The research subjects consisted of five science teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Warureja, selected based on their diverse teaching experiences. Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and literature study. Data analysis was systematically conducted using NVivo 12 software through open coding, axial coding, and selective coding stages. The results indicate that science teachers possess positive perceptions and high pedagogical awareness of the urgency of diagnostic assessment in preventing misconceptions and mapping learning readiness. However, its implementation faces significant structural barriers, including limited time, heavy teaching loads (6–10 classes per teacher), administrative burdens, and technical doubts regarding independent instrument development. As a form of creative negotiation, teachers utilize assessment results to form heterogeneous learning groups with peer tutoring systems and adapt teaching strategies through the use of digital media (Google Forms/Quizizz) and contextual approaches. This study concludes that diagnostic assessment serves as a crucial bridge toward deep learning, yet its effectiveness depends heavily on the teachers' ability to navigate systemic constraints in the field. It is recommended that policies be established to reduce teaching loads and provide sustainable technical assistance for teachers to optimize assessment practices.
Pengaruh Gamifikasi Tantangan Misi (TaMis) terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Aljabar pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika Materi Pola Gambar dan Pola Bilangan di Kelas IV SDN 19 Cakranegara
This study aims to determine the effect of the "Mission Challenge" (TAMIS) gamification on algebraic thinking skills regarding the topics of visual and numerical patterns in the fourth-grade mathematics curriculum at SDN 19 Cakranegara. The study was motivated by the students' low algebraic thinking skills in these subject areas. A quantitative approach was employed using a quasi-experimental design specifically, the Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The sample was selected via purposive sampling, comprising 26 students from class IV-B (experimental group) and 29 students from class IV-A (control group). Data collection techniques included testing, observation, and documentation. Research instruments consisted of eight essay questions assessing algebraic thinking skills, an observation sheet for lesson implementation, and documentation. Data analysis involved normality testing (Shapiro-Wilk) and homogeneity testing (Levene’s Test). Hypothesis testing was conducted using the Independent Sample t-Test. The analysis results indicated that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous. The hypothesis test yielded a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.017 (< 0.05); consequently, the null hypothesis (H₀) was rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (H₁) was accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of the "Mission Challenge" (TAMIS) gamification has a significant effect on students' algebraic thinking skills regarding visual and numerical patterns in the fourth grade at SDN 19 Cakranegara.
Pengembangan Media Hologram pada Materi PAI Thoharoh Wudhu di PKBM Generasi Juara Semarang
This study aims to develop a hologram learning media for Islamic Religious Education (PAI) on the topic of Thaharah (Wudhu) for learners in the Package C Program at PKBM Generasi Juara Semarang and to determine the feasibility level of the developed media. The study was motivated by the limited use of instructional media, highlighting the need for innovative learning tools capable of presenting wudhu practice materials in a more engaging and understandable manner. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method by adapting the 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate) up to the Develop stage. The research procedures included needs analysis, media design, product development, expert validation, and product revision. The developed media consisted of a hologram-based learning tool on the topic of Thaharah (Wudhu), displayed using a smartphone and a hologram box. Research data were collected through validation questionnaires completed by material experts and media experts. The results showed that the hologram media obtained a feasibility score of 85.0% from the material expert, categorized as Very Good/Feasible, and 99.2% from the media expert, categorized as Very Valid/Highly Feasible. Based on these validation results, the hologram learning media was declared feasible for use in Islamic Religious Education learning on the topic of Thaharah (Wudhu).
Strategi Pengembangan Objek Wisata Pantai Muara Indah Desa Ogotion Kabupaten Parigi Moutong Berdasarkan Analisis PESTEL
Muara Indah Beach in Ogotion Village, Parigi Moutong Regency, has great potential for marine tourism; however, its development is still hampered by limited digital promotion, suboptimal supporting facilities, and the absence of specific regulations governing the management of the tourist area. This study aims to formulate a development strategy for Muara Indah Beach as a tourist destination based on a Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal (PESTEL) analysis. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach using data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, and documentation involving 43 informants, including local government officials, village government officials, tourism managers, community members/MSME operators, and visitors. Data were analyzed through data reduction, triangulation, and data synthesis. The results indicate that political and social aspects serve as supporting strengths through village government support and community participation; economic aspects provide business opportunities via SMEs; environmental aspects remain pristine and constitute the main attraction; while technological and legal aspects remain constraints due to suboptimal digital promotion and the absence of specific regulations. Recommended development strategies include strengthening digital promotion, empowering SMEs, forming Tourism Awareness Groups, conserving the coastal environment, implementing digital payment systems, and gradually developing tourism management regulations to support the sustainability of Muara Indah Beach.
Pengaruh Academic Self-Efficacy, Peer Support dan Fasilitas Belajar terhadap Hasil Belajar Akuntansi Keuangan Kelas XI Akuntansi SMKN 1 Jombang
This research is motivated by data on financial accounting learning outcomes that show that approximately 50% of students still obtain scores below the standard with the Learning Objective Achievement Criteria (KKTP) of 75. Financial accounting learning outcomes are thought to be influenced by several factors, both internal factors such as academic self-efficacy, and external factors such as peer support and learning facilities. This study aims to analyze the influence of academic self-efficacy, peer support and learning facilities on financial accounting learning outcomes of class XI Accounting students of SMK Negeri 1 Jombang. This study uses a quantitative approach with an ex post facto research type. The research sample amounted to 142 students selected using total sampling technique with data collection techniques using questionnaires. Data analyze was carried out using descriptive statistical tests, classical assumption tests, and hypothesis tests with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The results of the study indicate that academic self-efficacy has a significant positive effect on learning outcomes, while peer support and learning facilities do not have a significant positive effect on learning outcomes, and academic self-efficacy, peer support and learning facilities simultaneously have a significant effect on learning outcomes. It's concluded that a high level of academic self-efficacy will significantly improve students financial accounting learning outcomes.
Pengembangan Permainan Educaplay sebagai Media Pengayaan pada Mata Pelajaran PPh Pasal 21 Perpajakan Kelas XI Akuntansi SMK Negeri di Surabaya
The implementation of enrichment programs for students who have met learning proficiency standards still faces challenges, particularly the lack of variety in the teaching materials used. A preliminary study at State Vocational High Schools 1, 4, 6, and 10 in Surabaya showed that enrichment activities for the subject “Income Tax Article 21” still rely on practice exercises via Google Forms or student workbooks, making them less engaging and leading to student burnout. A total of 63% of students stated that the tax material was quite difficult to understand, while 93% of students hoped for more engaging and enjoyable innovations in enrichment media. Based on this phenomenon, this study aims to develop the Educaplay game as an enrichment medium for Income Tax Article 21 material, specifically the calculation of the Average Effective Rate (AER), as well as to determine the level of feasibility and student response to this medium. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation), involving subject matter experts, media experts, and 20 11th-grade Accounting students from four public vocational high schools in Surabaya. The instruments used included a review questionnaire, a Likert scale validation sheet, and a Guttman scale student response questionnaire, all analyzed using quantitative descriptive methods. The results showed that the development of the educational media was carried out systematically through all stages of the ADDIE model, with a feasibility rating of 95.83% from subject matter experts and 98.47% from media experts (classified as “Highly Feasible”), as well as a student response rate of 97.86% (classified as “Very Good”). These findings imply that the Educaplay game is suitable as an interactive enrichment medium to enhance student motivation and engagement in tax education.
Pengembangan E-LKPD Berbasis Masalah untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika
Students’ low mathematics achievement is attributed to the limited use of instructional media, teacher-centered instruction, and the use of worksheets that do not effectively encourage students to think actively when solving problems. This study aims to develop problem-based e-worksheets on data concepts, determine their feasibility, and test their effectiveness in improving the mathematics achievement of fifth-grade elementary school students. This study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which comprises the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research subjects consisted of 19 fifth-grade students at SDN Bojongkoneng 4 in Bogor Regency, one classroom teacher, and three expert validators. The research instruments included validation sheets from media experts, language experts, and content experts; response questionnaires for teachers and students; and learning outcome tests in the form of pretests and posttests. The validation results showed that the E-LKPD received a 98% approval rating from media experts regarding interactivity, ease of use, design appearance, and layout. It received a 100% rating from language experts in the aspects of language integration in problem-based learning, language clarity, and appropriateness for students, as well as a 94% rating from content experts in the aspects of conceptual accuracy, content completeness, content readability, and alignment of competencies—all meeting the “highly valid” criteria. Teacher responses received a 98% rating, and student responses received an 86% rating, both falling into the “very good” category. The N-Gain analysis result of 0.78 falls into the “high” category, indicating an improvement in students’ learning outcomes after using the E-LKPD. Thus, the problem-based E-LKPD is deemed feasible, practical, and effective for improving the mathematics learning outcomes of fifth-grade elementary school students.
Pengembangan E-LKPD Berbantuan Liveworksheet untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar pada Materi Aku dan Kebutuhanku
This study was motivated by the results of observations and interviews, which indicated that fourth-grade students at SDN Depok had low cognitive learning outcomes, particularly in the skills of analyzing and evaluating, in the Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subject on the topic Me and My Needs. This condition was influenced by the limited active participation of students during the learning process. This study aimed to develop a Liveworksheet -assisted electronic student worksheet (E-LKPD), examine its feasibility, and evaluate its effectiveness in improving students' learning outcomes. This research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of the analysis, design, development, implementation, and Evaluation stages. The participants were 23 fourth-grade students of SDN Depok. Data were collected through observations, interviews, validation questionnaires, and learning achievement tests. The results showed that the Liveworksheet -assisted E-LKPD was categorized as highly feasible, with validation scores of 98% from the media expert, 100% from the language expert, 94% from the subject matter expert, and 96% from the classroom teacher. The effectiveness test showed that the average pre-test score increased from 52.61 to 88.04 on the post-test, with an N-Gain score of 75.87%, which falls into the high category, particularly in students' cognitive abilities to analyze and evaluate after using the E-LKPD. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the Liveworksheet -assisted E-LKPD is highly feasible and effective in improving students' learning outcomes on the topic Me and My Needs. The product also offers an attractive design, is easy to use, and supports a more interactive learning process.
Implementasi Asesmen Diagnostik Non-Kognitif Gaya Belajar terhadap Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Kelas X-5 SMA Negeri 3 Selong
This study aims to describe the implementation of noncognitive diagnostic assessment of learning styles in Indonesian language learning in order to support learning in accordance with the characteristics of learners. The implementation of noncognitive diagnostic assessment in Indonesian language learning at the high school level is still relatively limited reported in previous studies, especially those that focus on mapping the learning styles of learners as the basis of learning design. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods supported by quantitative data. Subjects were 35 students of Class X-5 SMA Negeri 3 Selong. Data were obtained through noncognitive diagnostic assessment questionnaires, observations, interviews, and documentation, and then analyzed using the Miles & Huberman (1992) model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results showed that 10 learners (28.6%) had a visual learning style, 8 learners (22.9%) had an auditory learning style, and 17 learners (48.5%) had a kinesthetic learning style. The mapping results become the basis for teachers in designing differentiated learning through the use of visual media, discussions, presentations, simulations, hands-on practice, and project-based learning. The implementation of non-cognitive diagnostic assessments helps teachers adjust learning strategies to the characteristics of learners so that Indonesian learning becomes more adaptive, increases activeness and motivation to learn, and supports the development of learners language skills.
Studi Endapan Paleotsunami di Desa Hila, Kecamatan Leihitu, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, Provinsi Maluku
Hila Village, located in Leihitu District, has a historical record of a major tsunami event in 1674; however, the geological evidence of this event has not been comprehensively studied. This research aims to identify and characterize paleotsunami deposits in Hila Village and to distinguish them from modern beach deposits and other coastal sediments. The study employed field observations, megascopic fragment analysis, granulometric analysis, and laboratory identification of foraminiferal microfauna. The results indicate that the paleotsunami deposits are characterized by poorly sorted sediments with grain sizes ranging from fine sand to gravel and cobble, erosional basal contacts, mixed lithic fragments, and benthic foraminifera derived from inner to outer neritic environments. Fragment analysis shows dominance of disc and blade morphologies, low sphericity, angular to sub-rounded roundness, and floating clasts within a sandy matrix. The deposits consist of mixed materials, including igneous rock fragments, coral debris, and anthropogenic materials, reflecting rapid high-energy transport and sediment mixing from multiple source environments. These characteristics clearly differ from modern beach deposits, which are generally better sorted, clast-supported, and influenced by repetitive wave abrasion processes.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Menggunakan Aplikasi Nearpod Berbasis Kearifan Lokal dalam Pembelajaran IPAS Sekolah Dasar
This study aimed to develop Nearpod-based teaching materials integrated with local wisdom for fourth-grade elementary science and social studies (IPAS) learning and to determine the feasibility and practicality of the developed product. The study was motivated by the limited use of interactive digital teaching materials and the lack of integration of local wisdom into classroom learning, resulting in less contextual learning experiences. Previous studies have predominantly focused on developing digital learning media without specifically integrating the local wisdom of Kuningan Regency into elementary IPAS learning, highlighting the need for more context-based teaching materials. This research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, consisting of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The participants included one media expert, one material and language expert, one fourth-grade teacher, and 16 fourth-grade students of SD Negeri Kaduagung, Kuningan Regency. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, teacher response questionnaires, and student response questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative techniques by calculating percentage scores and interpreting them according to feasibility criteria. The findings indicate that the developed Nearpod-based teaching materials achieved the very feasible category based on both media and material validation. Teacher and student responses were also categorized as very good, indicating that the product is practical for classroom implementation. The integration of local wisdom into IPAS learning successfully created more contextual and meaningful learning experiences. Therefore, the developed teaching materials are considered appropriate as an alternative digital learning resource for fourth-grade elementary school students.
Studi Komparatif: Tingkat Sport Anxiety dalam Pembelajaran PJOK Berdasarkan Perspektif Gender Siswa Kelas 7 SMP Negeri 1 Masbagik
Physical Education (PJOK) in schools plays a vital role in students' physical and psychological development, yet execution in practical exams often triggers performance anxiety. This study aims to analyze the differences in sport anxiety levels in Physical Education (PJOK) learning based on a gender perspective among seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Masbagik. This quantitative study utilized a causal-comparative (ex post facto) approach. The research sample consisted of 64 seventh-grade students selected using a random sampling technique. Sport anxiety data were collected through a questionnaire adapted from the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2), covering the dimensions of somatic anxiety, worry, and concentration disruption. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Independent Samples t-Test. Descriptive analysis indicated that the mean sport anxiety score for female students (34.19 ± 7.01) was higher than that for male students (31.31 ± 6.44). However, the t-test results proved that this difference was not statistically significant (t (62) = -1.709; p = 0.092 > 0.05). The obtained effect size of 0.43 (Cohen's d) fell into the small-to-medium category. This study concludes that gender is not a dominant factor differentiating students' sport anxiety levels in PJOK learning. Practically, PJOK teachers are encouraged to implement inclusive teaching strategies that focus on creating a supportive learning environment to reduce anxiety for all students regardless of gender.
Efektivitas Model Problem Based Learning melalui Media PRAYAKU sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep IPAS Siswa Kelas IV SD
Understanding a concept is crucial in shaping students’ thinking, particularly in understanding the IPAS concept; therefore, innovative teaching methods are needed to encourage students’ active engagement and enhance their understanding. One such method is the application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model with the aid of the PRAYAKU media. This study aims to analyze the differences in students’ pretest and posttest average scores and to assess the improvement in students’ understanding of the IPAS concept. The method used in this study was a quantitative approach employing a pre-experimental, one-group pretest-posttest design. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, tests, and documentation. The research instruments comprised observation sheets, interview sheets, and test sheets. Data analysis techniques in this study included a normality test, a paired-sample t-test, and an N-Gain test. The results showed that the pretest average score of 52 increased to 83 on the posttest, with a significance level (two-tailed) of 0.000, which is less than 0.05. The researcher also obtained an N-Gain Score of 0.6899, which falls into the “moderate” improvement category. Based on the results of the data analysis, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the average pretest and posttest scores for IPAS concept understanding, and that the students’ understanding of IPAS concepts has improved.
Relokasi Hiposenter dan Mekanisme Sumber Gempa Bumi Danau Poso 24 Juli 2025 (Mb 6,2) di Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia
An earthquake of Mb 6.2 shook the Lake Poso area, Central Sulawesi, on July 24, 2025 at 13:06:59 WIB. This study aims to examine the characteristics of the earthquake source through two approaches: hypocenter relocation using the double-difference (hypoDD) method and focal mechanism inversion (moment tensor) using regional waveform data. A total of 458 events in the January-November 2025 period were relocated, resulting in 445 relocated events (97.2%), the majority (432 events) of which were concentrated in one main cluster with an average residual RMS of 0.32 seconds. The main earthquake shifted ~4.5 km to the west and shallow from 10 km to 4.45 km. The inversion of the moment tensor results in a Deviatoric solution with a depth of 5.50 Mw, a depth of 7 km, and a left-lateral oblique mechanism with minor normal components (fault plane: strike 298°, dip 61°, rake −19°). The orientation of the fault plane (WNW–ESE) is parallel to the structure that caused the Poso earthquake on May 29, 2017 Mw6.6 (Tokorondo Fault), but the different slip characters indicate the possibility of oblique strain partitions along the eastern extensional zone of Central Sulawesi. These results make an important contribution to the understanding of regional seismotectonics and earthquake risk mitigation around Lake Poso.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Media Flashcard terhadap Aktivitas Belajar Siswa Kelas III Mata Pelajaran IPAS
This study was motivated by low student learning activity in the Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subject, resulting from a teacher-centered instructional approach that limited optimal student participation. The study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of using flashcards on the learning activity of third-grade students at SDN Lembursitu during the 2025/2026 academic year. A quantitative approach was employed using an experimental method and a “True Experimental Design” (specifically, a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design). The sample consisted of 30 students divided into experimental and control groups. Data were collected through questionnaires, observation, and documentation, and subsequently analyzed using tests for validity, reliability, normality, and homogeneity, alongside descriptive analysis, the Independent Sample T-Test, and the N-Gain test. The results indicated that the instrument was valid and reliable, with a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0,763. The experimental group achieved an average learning activity score of 49,33 (82,22%), classified as “very high,” while the control group scored 42,67 (71,11%), classified as “high”. Hypothesis testing yielded a significance value of 0,012 (<0,05). Furthermore, the average N-Gain score for the experimental group was 65,93% (moderately effective), whereas the control group scored 37,82% (less effective). These findings demonstrate that the use of flashcard is more effective than conventional instruction in enhancing student learning activity in the IPAS subject.
Pengembangan E-LKPD Berbantuan Website TopWorksheets untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik
This study aimed to develop a TopWorksheets-assisted Electronic Student Worksheet (E-LKPD) on the topic Traditions and Culture of the Community Around Me, examine its feasibility, and determine its effectiveness in improving the critical thinking skills of fourth-grade elementary school students. This study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE development model, consisting of the Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate stages. The research subjects were 26 fourth-grade students at SDN Bantarkemang 6, Bogor City. The validation process involved a media expert, a language expert, a university subject-matter expert, and an elementary school teacher as the subject-matter expert. The validation results showed scores of 92% from the media expert, 100% from the language expert, 92% from the university subject-matter expert, and 96% from the teacher subject-matter expert, all categorized as highly feasible. The teacher response questionnaire obtained a score of 86%, categorized as very good, while the students' responses reached 95.77%, also categorized as very good. The effectiveness test yielded an N-Gain score of 0.78, which falls into the high category. Furthermore, the implementation results indicated that the TopWorksheets-assisted E-LKPD facilitated students in analyzing information, providing reasons, evaluating information, and drawing conclusions, thereby supporting the improvement of their critical thinking skills. The interactive features provided by TopWorksheets enabled students to engage actively in learning activities and complete structured tasks that encouraged higher-order thinking during the learning process. Based on these findings, the TopWorksheets-assisted E-LKPD is considered feasible, practical, and effective as an IPAS learning medium for improving the critical thinking skills of fourth-grade elementary school students.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Augmented Reality Berbantuan Assemblr Edu pada Materi Kondisi Perekonomian di Daerahku
The rapid development of digital technology has encouraged teachers to develop innovative teaching materials that can improve students' engagement and understanding. However, learning in elementary schools is still frequently dominated by printed teaching materials and teacher-centered instruction, resulting in limited opportunities for students to experience interactive and meaningful learning. The integration of Augmented Reality (AR) technology through Assemblr Edu offers an alternative for presenting learning materials in a more concrete, visual, and engaging way. This study aimed to develop Augmented Reality -based teaching materials supported by Assemblr Edu for the topic Economic Conditions in My Region and to determine their feasibility and effectiveness. The study employed Research and Development using the ADDIE model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research was conducted at SDN Bantarkemang 1, Bogor City. A limited trial involved 20 fifth-grade students, while product validation involved four validators representing material, language, and media expertise. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, documentation, and a 19-item learning achievement test. The final validation scores were 94% from the lecturer material expert, 96% from the teacher material expert, 90% from the language expert, and 98% from the media expert, with an average of 95% in the highly feasible category. Student and teacher responses reached 90% and 96%, respectively. The mean score increased from 41.05 on the pretest to 83.68 on the posttest, and the N-gain score was 0.71, categorized as high. Therefore, the developed teaching materials were highly feasible and effective in improving learning outcomes in the limited trial.
Pemanfaatan Media Permainan Monopoli dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa pada Materi Keberagaman Indonesia di SDN Pandian 1
This study is motivated by the issue of low learning interest among third-grade students at SDN Pandian 1 in understanding the diversity of Indonesia, which is largely caused by conventional lecturing methods that lead to passive learning and boredom. This research aims to describe and analyze in depth the implementation of Indonesian diversity monopoly game media in enhancing students' learning interest. A qualitative descriptive method with a case study design was employed, involving 23 third-grade students at SDN Pandian 1 Sumenep. Data were collected through participatory observation during learning activities, semi-structured interviews with the classroom teacher and student representatives, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed through qualitative processing, descriptive analysis, and conclusion drawing. The findings demonstrate that utilizing modified monopoly game media contextually integrated with Indonesian cultural topics significantly increases students' learning interest. This improvement is evidenced by the fulfillment of four key indicators of learning interest: expressions of enjoyment during learning, strong attraction toward visual media and game cards, sustained concentration, and active participation in group interactions. The incorporation of game elements—such as challenge cards, image guessing, and opportunity cards—not only simplifies complex theoretical concepts but also fosters character traits such as honesty, courage, and teamwork among students. Consequently, the modified monopoly game media proves to be an effective and interactive alternative for elementary school teachers to create a dynamic learning environment and elevate students' interest in cultural diversity topics.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar menggunakan Genially pada Materi Lingkungan Kita Sedang Terancam untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Peserta Didik
Science learning in elementary schools still uses conventional teaching materials that are less interactive, so that students' learning interest has not developed optimally. This study aims to develop Genially-based teaching materials on the topic of our environment being threatened, assess its feasibility and practicality, and describe its effectiveness in increasing learning interest. The study used the Research and Development method with the ADDIE model. The trial subjects included 5 students in the limited test, 33 students in the broad test and effectiveness test, and 3 teachers. Data were collected through validation by material experts, language, media, teacher and student response questionnaires, and learning interest questionnaires. The final validation results obtained a score of 75 from the lecturer material expert, 70 from the teacher material expert, 75 from the language expert, and 69 from the media expert, all categorized as very feasible. Practicality obtained an average score of 48 in the limited test, 46 in the broad test, and 47 from teacher responses, all categorized as very practical. The average learning interest increased from 74 in the moderate category to 101 in the very high category. Genially's teaching materials are assessed as being appropriate, practical, and descriptively effective in increasing the learning interest of fourth grade students.
Pengembangan E-Modul Menggunakan Heyzine Flipbook pada Materi Interaksi Sosial di Lingkungan Sekolah dan Masyarakat untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik
Learning in elementary schools still uses teaching materials in the form of printed books so that students have difficulty understanding the material and learning outcomes are not optimal. Therefore, this study aims to develop an e-module using Heyzine flipbook on the material of social interaction in the school environment and the community, determine the feasibility of the product, and test its effectiveness on the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at SDN Menteng, Bogor City. The research method uses Research and Development with the ADDIE model which includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects consisted of validators, material experts, linguists, media experts, teachers, and 28 students of class IV-A. Data were collected through observation, interviews, validation questionnaires, response questionnaires, and pretest and posttest tests. The results of the validation recapitulation showed that material experts were 94%, linguists 97%, and media experts 86% with an average of 92.33% in the very feasible category. Student responses obtained 91% and teacher responses 100% in the very practical category. The product's effectiveness was demonstrated by an increase in the average score from 71.93 to 95.32, with an N-Gain of 0.87 and an N-Gain percentage of 86.53%, in the high and effective categories. Thus, the Heyzine flipbook e-module is feasible, practical, and effective for improving student learning outcomes.
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis, Komunikasi, dan Kolaborasi Muatan Matematika Menggunakan Kombinasi Model PSN Murid Kelas III SDN Seberang Mesjid 1
This study was motivated by the low levels of students’ critical thinking, communication, and collaboration skills in Mathematics learning. Students experienced difficulties in reasoning through problems, lacked confidence in expressing their opinions, and tended to be passive during group activities, resulting in low participation and learning outcomes. This study aimed to describe teacher activities and analyze the improvement of student activities, critical thinking skills, communication skills, collaboration skills, and learning outcomes through the combination of the Problem Based Learning (PBL), Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD), and Numbered Heads Together (NHT) models, hereafter referred to as the PSN model. This study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach conducted in three meetings involving 24 third-grade students of SDN Seberang Mesjid 1 Banjarmasin. Data were collected through observations of teacher activities, student activities, critical thinking, communication, and collaboration skills, as well as learning outcome tests. The results showed that the implementation of the PSN model improved the quality of learning in each meeting. Teacher activities reached the Very Good category with a percentage of 100%. Student activities increased from 33% to 92%. Critical thinking skills improved from 21% to 83%, communication skills from 25% to 83%, and collaboration skills from 29% to 92%. Classical learning outcomes also increased from 84% to 92%. Therefore, the combination of the PBL, STAD, and NHT models was effective in improving students’ activities, learning outcomes, and 21st-century skills.
Pengembangan Media Monopoli Pop-Up untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Budaya Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
In the era of globalization, strengthening cultural literacy has become an important goal of elementary education. However, cultural literacy learning remains suboptimal due to the limited use of innovative and interactive learning media. This study aimed to develop a cultural literacy-based Pop-Up Monopoly learning media and examine its validity, practicality, and effectiveness in improving the cultural literacy of fifth-grade elementary school students. This Research and Development (R&D) study employed the ADDIE model, consisting of the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation phases. The participants were 55 fifth-grade students from SDN 5 Bendorejo, SDN 1 Kedunglurah, and SDN 2 Kedunglurah, Trenggalek Regency. Data were collected through interviews, documentation, questionnaires, validation sheets, and cultural literacy tests. The developed media obtained validation scores of 92% from material experts, 96% from language experts, 91% from media experts, and 95% from practitioner validators, with an overall average of 93%, indicating that it was highly valid. Teachers and students also provided very positive responses, demonstrating the media's practicality. The average student score improved from 57.4 on the pre-test to 84.5 on the post-test. Furthermore, the Paired Sample t-Test showed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores (Sig. = 0.000 < 0.05), while the N-Gain value of 65% indicated that the media was effective in enhancing students' cultural literacy. Therefore, the cultural literacy-based Pop-Up Monopoly learning media is valid, practical, and effective for elementary school learning.
Pengembangan Komik Digital Berbasis Canva dalam Pembelajaran Membaca Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Low reading interest among elementary school students remains a major challenge in Indonesian language learning. Learning activities that rely primarily on textbooks and lecture-based instruction often reduce students' engagement and motivation to read. This study aimed to develop a Canva-Based Adventure Comic as a learning medium to improve the reading interest of fourth-grade students at SDN 01 Ciangsana. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of the Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. Data were collected through observations, interviews, questionnaires, expert validation, and product trials involving students. The validation results indicated that the developed media was highly feasible, obtaining scores of 95% from the media expert, 98.3% from the material expert, and 98.4% from the language expert, with an overall average of 97.2%, categorized as very feasible. Student trials also produced highly positive responses, with feasibility scores of 96.7% in the one-to-one trial, 96.0% in the small-group trial, and 95.8% in the field test, resulting in an overall average of 96.1%, categorized as very feasible. The findings demonstrate that the Canva-Based Adventure Comic effectively presents learning materials through engaging illustrations, dialogues, and storylines, thereby increasing students' interest in reading while improving their comprehension of Indonesian language learning materials. Therefore, the developed learning media is considered highly feasible and effective for fostering reading interest among elementary school students.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Diorama Augmented Reality pada Materi Gangguan Sistem Pernapasan Manusia untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik
The low critical thinking skills of fifth-grade students at SDN Ciaruteun Ilir 03 on respiratory system disorders were caused by limited, conventional instructional media (textbooks and whiteboards), resulting in low student enthusiasm. This study aimed to develop an Augmented Reality diorama learning media on respiratory system disorders, test its feasibility, determine user responses, and analyze its effectiveness on students' critical thinking skills. The method used was Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Subjects were 25 fifth-grade students. Data were collected through observation, interviews, expert validation, response questionnaires, and critical thinking test items. Results showed the media achieved a feasibility percentage of 99% (media expert 96%, lecturer material expert 100%, teacher material expert 100%, language expert 100%), categorized as very feasible. The practicality test showed student responses of 88% and teacher responses of 96%, both very good. The effectiveness test showed the average score increased from 42.32 (pretest) to 82.86 (posttest), with an N-Gain of 0.83 (high category). Improvement was also seen across critical thinking indicators: simple explanation (34.67%→75.67%), basic skills (47%→91.33%), inference (49.67%→96.67%), further explanation (37%→93.67%), and strategy and tactics (48%→98%). The media is thus proven feasible, practical, and effective for improving students' critical thinking skills.
Penerapan Model Project Based Learning (PjBL) Berbasis Pendidikan Lingkungan Hidup terhadap Hasil Belajar IPAS Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Teacher-centered instruction in the IPAS (integrated Science and Social Studies) subject has left many fourth-grade students at SD Negeri 2 Bayuning struggling to reach the minimum mastery criterion, a concern made more urgent by ongoing environmental pressures in the Kuningan area, including uncontrolled waste. This study set out to determine whether combining Project Based Learning (PjBL) with Environmental Education could raise both students' cognitive achievement and their environmental care attitude. Using a quantitative, Quasi-Experimental approach with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design, the researcher worked with 39 fourth-graders split into an experimental group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 19). The experimental group carried out a hands-on "seed paper" recycling project under the PjBL framework, whereas the control group followed the school's usual teaching routine. Multiple-choice tests, a Likert-type questionnaire, and observation sheets supplied the data, which were then examined through normality and homogeneity checks, an Independent Sample t-test, and N-Gain calculations. The t-test produced a significance value of 0.000 (below the 0.05 threshold), and the experimental group's N-Gain reached 72.40 percent (fairly effective) against only 38.51 percent (ineffective) for the control group. A similar gap appeared for environmental attitudes, where the treatment group settled into the Very Caring category while the comparison group remained one level lower, at Caring. Taken together, these results suggest that pairing PjBL with an environmental theme is a workable way to lift both academic understanding and ecological awareness among elementary IPAS learners.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Scramble terhadap Hasil Belajar IPAS Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 85 Lubuklinggau
Student learning outcomes in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) at the elementary school level remain suboptimal because the instructional process is dominated by lecture methods, resulting in low student engagement. One alternative to address this issue is the implementation of the "Scramble" learning model, which encourages active student participation through activities involving the matching of questions and answers. This study aims to determine the learning mastery of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 85 Lubuklinggau in IPAS following the implementation of the Scramble learning model. The study employs an experimental method using a One-Group Pretest-Posttest design. The population consists of all 25 fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 85 Lubuklinggau during the 2025/2026 academic year. A non-probability sampling technique was used, resulting in a sample comprising the entire group of 25 fifth-grade students. Data collection was conducted using multiple-choice learning outcome tests administered before and after the intervention. Data analysis involved normality and hypothesis testing at a significance level of α = 0.05. The results indicate that the average pre-test score was 57.2, with a learning mastery rate of 16% (4 students meeting the mastery criterion/KKTP). Following the implementation of the Scramble learning model, the average post-test score rose to 87.6, with a learning mastery rate of 92% (23 students meeting the KKTP). Hypothesis testing results show that t-calculated (4.24) > t-table (2.06); thus, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. Consequently, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Scramble learning model has a significant effect on the IPAS learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 85 Lubuklinggau and enables the achievement of learning mastery.
Analisis Nilai Karakter Profil Pelajar Pancasila dalam Buku Cerita Tanah Papua untuk Pembelajaran Sekolah Dasar
This study aims to describe and analyze the Pancasila student profile character values found in the storybook “Dari Tanah Papua”. This is a qualitative descriptive study using content analysis as the data analysis method. The object of this study is the storybook “Dari Tanah Papua” by Muhammad Jaruki. Data collection was conducted through observation and documentation. Research instruments included an analysis sheet to identify character values in the book. Data were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that there are 24 data points contained in the storybook “Dari Tanah Papua” that represent the six dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile. The results indicate that the storybook “Dari Tanah Papua” contains the values of the Pancasila Student Profile, comprising 7 data points in the dimension of “Faith and Piety toward God the Almighty,” 6 data points in the dimension of “Cooperation,” 4 data points in the dimension of “Independence,” 2 data points in the dimension of “Critical Thinking,” 1 data point in the dimension of “Creativity,” and 4 data points in the dimension of “Global Diversity.” Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the storybook “Dari Tanah Papua” contains the values of the Pancasila Student Profile across six dimensions, making it suitable for use as teaching material to support the character development of students.
Makna Denotasi dan Konotasi Dalam Novel 127 Days Karya Nadzira Shafa
This research is motivated by the importance of understanding denotative and connotative meanings in literary works, particularly novels, to understand the messages conveyed directly and implicitly. This study aims to describe the denotative and connotative meanings in the novel "172 Days." This study employed a qualitative descriptive method with a semantic approach. Data collection utilized reading and note-taking techniques. Data in the form of words, phrases, and sentences containing denotative and connotative meanings were analyzed based on Roland Barthes' semiological theory through the stages of identification, classification, and interpretation of meanings according to their context. The results show that Nadzira Shafa's novel "172 Days" contains forms of denotative and connotative meanings found in words, phrases, and sentences within the context of the story. Thus, the study of denotative and connotative meanings provides a deeper understanding of the messages contained in the novel "172 Days."
Kearifan Lokal Pantai Minanga sebagai Dasar Pariwisata Berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara
Minanga Beach is a coastal tourism destination in North Gorontalo Regency possessing natural and cultural assets that can support sustainable tourism development. The local wisdom of the community serves as a crucial asset in preserving the environment and the cultural identity of the tourism area. This study aims to identify forms of local wisdom at Minanga Beach, analyze their role in supporting sustainable tourism, and formulate guidelines for its development. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, utilizing data collection techniques such as observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Research informants included traditional leaders, community figures, village officials, tourism operators, MSME actors, and visitors. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive model developed by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana. The results indicate that the local wisdom of the Minanga Beach community is manifested through the *Mandi Safar* (Safar bathing) tradition, the culture of *gotong royong* (mutual cooperation), coastal environmental conservation, and the wise utilization of natural resources. This local wisdom contributes to environmental, socio-cultural, and economic sustainability for the community. Therefore, local wisdom can serve as a foundation for sustainable tourism development at Minanga Beach.
Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Aku Melihat karena Cahaya pada Siswa Kelas V-A SN Demangan 2 Bangkalan
This study aimed to develop the Aku Melihat karena Cahaya Interactive Multimedia for fifth-grade elementary students and determine its validity, effectiveness, and attractiveness. The study was motivated by the limited availability of interactive multimedia on the topic of seeing because of light that can be accessed flexibly across various digital devices, highlighting the need for the development of more accessible and interactive learning media. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, consisting of Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate stages. The research was conducted at SDN Demangan 2 Bangkalan during the 2025/2026 academic year. The subjects included one material expert, one media expert, one instructional design expert, three students in the one-to-one trial, eight students in the small-group trial, and twenty-eight students in the field trial. Data were collected through interviews, observations, questionnaires, tests, and documentation. The results showed that the multimedia achieved validity scores of 93.3% from the media expert, 87.5% from the material expert, and 95.45% from the instructional design expert, indicating a very valid category. The readability test obtained 91.11%, categorized as very feasible. In the field trial, the multimedia achieved an attractiveness score of 93%, student activity reached 92% (very effective), and classical learning mastery reached 89%, exceeding the minimum criterion of 75%. Therefore, the Aku Melihat karena Cahaya Interactive Multimedia is valid, attractive, and effective for supporting science learning on the topic of seeing because of light in elementary schools.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah pada Materi Usaha dan Energi
This study aims to determine the improvement in students' problem-solving skills and the effect of the inquiry learning model on these skills regarding the topic of work and energy in Grade XI at a public high school in Medan. Twenty-first century education requires student-centered learning to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. However, students' problem-solving abilities remain relatively low, as reflected in TIMSS and PISA results, while physics instruction is still predominantly teacher-centered and emphasizes memorization rather than inquiry and contextual problem solving. The study was motivated by students' low problem-solving abilities in physics lessons—which remain dominated by conventional methods—resulting in a lack of active student engagement in understanding concepts and solving problems systematically. A quasi-experimental method with a two-group pretest-posttest design was employed. The study population consisted of all Grade XI Science students at a public high school in Medan during the 2025/2026 academic year. The sample comprised two classes selected via cluster random sampling: an experimental class receiving inquiry-based instruction and a control class receiving conventional instruction. The research instrument was a problem-solving skills test based on Heller’s indicators: focusing on the problem, describing the physics, planning the solution, executing the plan, and evaluating the solution. Data analysis involved validity and reliability testing, prerequisite testing, and N-gain analysis. The results indicate that the inquiry learning model leads to greater improvement in problem-solving skills compared to conventional instruction. Implementing this model encourages students to be more active in the learning process and think critically, while also enabling them to connect physics concepts with problem-solving in real-life contexts.
Pengembangan Media Papan Pecahan Semangka pada Materi Membandingkan dan Mengurutkan Nilai Pecahan di Kelas IV SDN Sutorejo I/ 240 Surabaya
Learning fraction concepts remains a challenge for many elementary school students because the material is abstract and requires concrete representations to facilitate conceptual understanding. Therefore, this study develops the Watermelon Fraction Board Media as an innovative learning medium to support mathematics instruction and evaluates its feasibility in terms of validity, effectiveness, and attractiveness. This study employs the Research and Development (R&D) method, referring to the ADDIE development model. It aims to describe the development procedure and the feasibility of the Papan Pecahan Semangka Media, evaluated in terms of validity, effectiveness, and attractiveness for the Mathematics subject, Chapter 2 Topic A, in grade IVA of SDN Sutorejo I/240 Surabaya. The product's feasibility is assessed based on three aspects: validity, effectiveness, and attractiveness. The validation results indicate that the media achieved a percentage of 92% from the media expert (highly valid), 86% from the learning device design expert (highly valid), and 82% from the material expert (valid). Regarding effectiveness, the learning test results from the large-group trial showed an average student score of 87.77 with a classical completeness percentage of 95.45%, while the observation results of student and teacher activities obtained percentages of 90.38% and 95.8%, respectively, all categorized as highly effective. In terms of attractiveness, the teacher response questionnaire obtained a percentage of 100%, and the student response questionnaire reached 91.51%, both categorized as attractive. Based on these overall results, the Watermelon Fraction Board Media is declared feasible for use in mathematics learning activities in grade IV of elementary school.
Analisis Literasi Informasi Bencana melalui Media Sosial Instagram di SMA Negeri Kota Samarinda
Samarinda City is one of the areas with a high level of disaster risk, making this condition an important issue to investigate. In the current digital era, Instagram has developed into a major social media platform used by adolescents, including high school students, to access disaster-related information. However, relatively few studies have quantitatively examined the level of disaster information literacy among high school students through Instagram in preparing for potential disasters. This study aims to analyze the level of disaster information literacy through Instagram among high school students in Samarinda City. This research employed a quantitative descriptive approach, with the sample consisting of students from three public senior high schools in Samarinda City: MAN 2 Samarinda, SMAN 5 Samarinda, and SMAN 14 Samarinda. The samples were selected using purposive sampling, involving a total of 200 students. Data were collected through questionnaires, documentation, and interviews. Data analysis involved instrument testing, including validity and reliability tests, followed by descriptive analysis. The results showed that the level of disaster information literacy through Instagram among public senior high school students in Samarinda City was categorized as high, with a score of 78.37.
Implementasi Model Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa pada Materi Sumber-Sumber Energi di Kelas X J SMAN 2 Pamekasan
Abstract: This study aims to improve students' problem-solving abilities through the application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in the energy resources curriculum for grades 10 X-J at SMAN 2 Pamekasan. This study uses a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model, which includes the stages of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research subjects consisted of 33 students involved in two learning cycles, with each cycle carried out in one session for 3 × 45 minutes. Data collection was carried out through observation, testing, and documentation. The testing instrument was designed based on Polya's problem-solving ability indicators, namely understanding the problem, formulating a plan, implementing the plan, and reviewing the results. Data analysis used a quantitative descriptive method to test the development of students' skills in each cycle. The results showed an increase in problem-solving abilities after the application of PBL, as evidenced by an increase in the average score from 81.15 in the pre-cycle to 96.20 in Cycle I and 97.03 in Cycle II. The percentage of learning completion also increased from 63.64% in the pre-cycle to 93.94% in the first cycle and reached 97% in the second cycle. Thus, it can be concluded that the PBL model is effective in improving students' problem-solving abilities in physics learning.
Karakteristik Petrografi Batupasir Formasi Sangkarewang Daerah Talawi, Kota Sawahlunto, Sumatera Barat
The Sangkarewang Formation is one of the Paleogene sedimentary units within the Ombilin Basin that developed in a lacustrine depositional system. Previous studies of the Sangkarewang Formation have mainly focused on stratigraphy, organic geochemistry, and depositional environment interpretation, while detailed investigations of the petrographic characteristics of its sandstone facies remain limited. This study aims to identify the petrographic characteristics of Sangkarewang Formation sandstones based on texture, mineral composition, porosity type, and sandstone classification. Three representative sandstone samples (BPSRG-01, BPSRG-02, and BPSRG-03) were analyzed using thin-section petrography under a polarizing microscope. The results show that the sandstones consist of very fine- to coarse-grained sediments with poor sorting and angular to sub-angular grains. The mineral composition is dominated by quartz, feldspar, and volcanic lithic fragments, indicating a contribution from volcanic-derived materials. Based on sandstone classification, samples BPSRG-01 and BPSRG-03 are classified as Arkosic Arenite, whereas BPSRG-02 is categorized as Feldspathic Wacke due to its higher matrix content. Intergranular porosity is observed in all samples, with variations controlled by grain packing and matrix abundance. These characteristics indicate that the Sangkarewang Formation sandstones were derived from relatively proximal sediment sources and experienced variations in sediment supply and depositional energy within a dynamic lacustrine system.
Meningkatkan Aktivitas, Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis, Komunikasi, dan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Menggunakan Model GEMINTANG Kelas IV SDN Kuin Selatan 4 Banjarmasin
This study was motivated by the low levels of learning activity, critical thinking skills, communication skills, and learning outcomes in Indonesian language learning among fourth-grade students at SDN Kuin Selatan 4 Banjarmasin. These conditions limited students' active engagement in constructing knowledge, expressing ideas logically, collaborating with peers, and achieving optimal learning outcomes. This problem highlights the need for an innovative, student-centered learning model that integrates critical thinking, communication, and problem-solving into the learning process. The study aimed to describe teacher activities and analyze the improvement of students' learning activities, critical thinking skills, communication skills, and learning outcomes through the implementation of the GEMINTANG model, which integrates Problem Based Learning, Role Playing, and Talking Stick. This study employed Classroom Action Research conducted over four meetings involving 18 fourth-grade students. Data were collected through classroom observations and learning achievement tests. The findings revealed that teacher activity improved from a score of 25 to 32, student learning activity increased from 17% to 89%, critical thinking skills improved from 17% to 83%, communication skills increased from 22% to 83%, and classical learning mastery improved from 22% to 83%. These findings indicate that the GEMINTANG model effectively creates an active, collaborative, communicative, and meaningful Indonesian language learning environment, thereby improving students' learning activities, critical thinking skills, communication skills, and learning outcomes.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek (PjBL) Berbantuan Media Educandy untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Kognitif IPS Siswa Kelas IV
A problem identified in Social Studies learning among fourth-grade elementary school students was the low learning outcomes on the topic of cultural diversity. This problem was indicated by students’ limited engagement in the learning process and the less optimal use of learning models and instructional media that accommodated students’ learning characteristics. Based on this issue, this study aimed to improve the cognitive learning outcomes of fourth-grade students in Social Studies on the topic of cultural diversity through the implementation of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model assisted by Educandy media. This study employed Classroom Action Research (CAR), which was conducted in two cycles consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The research subjects were 24 students, consisting of 16 male students and 8 female students. Data were collected through achievement tests and documentation. The data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative descriptive approaches. The results showed that the implementation of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model assisted by Educandy media improved students’ cognitive learning outcomes. The average score increased from 65.91 in the pre-cycle to 79.79 in Cycle I and 86.08 in Cycle II. The percentage of learning mastery also increased from 41.67% in the pre-cycle to 75% in Cycle I and reached 95.83% in Cycle II. Therefore, the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model assisted by Educandy media was proven to be effective in improving students’ cognitive learning outcomes in Social Studies learning at the elementary school level.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar Siswa pada Materi Gelombang pada Kelas XI-A1 SMAN 2 Pamekasan
This study aims to enhance students’ learning activities through the implementation of the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) cooperative learning model in physics classes. This study is a classroom action research conducted in two cycles, each consisting of the planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The implementation of the NHT model involves four main steps: numbering, posing questions, group discussion, and presenting answers. The research subjects were students in Class XI A1 at SMAN 2 Pamekasan. Data were collected using an observation sheet for student learning activities, which included indicators of verbal activity, listening activity, writing activity, mental activity, and emotional activity. The data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive methods by calculating the percentage of student learning activities in each cycle. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the NHT cooperative learning model was able to enhance students’ learning activities. The average learning activity score increased from 39 in Cycle I which fell into the “fair” category to 53 in Cycle II, which fell into the “good” category. Improvements were also observed across all learning activity indicators, particularly in oral and mental activities, indicating that student engagement improved throughout the learning process. Thus, the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) cooperative learning model is effective in enhancing student learning activities in physics instruction.
Pengembangan Media Web Google Sites pada Keterampilan Membaca Pemahaman Bahasa Inggris Kelas IV SDN Tajungan Bangkalan
The purpose of this development research was to develop a Google Sites web-based learning media for English reading comprehension skills for fourth-grade students at SDN Tajungan Bangkalan that is valid, effective, and attractive. This study employed the 4D development model consisting of four stages: Define, Design, Development, and Disseminate. The subjects of this research were fourth-grade students of SDN Tajungan Bangkalan. The validation results showed that the instructional design expert assessment obtained a percentage of 99%, categorized as very valid. The learning material expert assessment obtained a percentage of 76%, categorized as valid, and the learning media expert assessment obtained a percentage of 92%, categorized as very valid. The effectiveness of the media was demonstrated by the average teacher activity score of 92%, categorized as very effective, and the average student activity score of 98%, categorized as very effective. In addition, student learning outcomes analyzed using the classical learning mastery formula showed a mastery level of 100%. The attractiveness of the media was indicated by the teacher response questionnaire, which obtained a percentage of 100%, categorized as very attractive, and the student response questionnaire, which obtained a percentage of 99%, categorized as very attractive.
Kreativitas Guru dalam Memanfaatkan Infrastruktur Pembelajaran untuk Menciptakan Lingkungan Belajar Efektif di Kelas V SD Sukasari Cirebon
Effective learning in elementary schools requires not only curriculum and teacher competence, but also the teacher’s ability to creatively utilize available learning infrastructure. This study aims to: (1) describe the forms of teacher creativity in utilizing learning infrastructure in Class V of SD Sukasari Cirebon; (2) analyze how the utilization of infrastructure supports the creation of an effective learning environment; and (3) identify supporting and inhibiting factors of teacher creativity in managing learning facilities. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with Class V teachers, the school principal, and students, direct observation of learning processes, and documentation of classroom facilities, learning media, and school documents. Data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was ensured through source triangulation and technical triangulation. The findings reveal that Class V teachers at SD Sukasari creatively utilize digital learning panels (PID/digitalization boards), infocus projectors, and self-made teaching aids to create an engaging learning environment. Teacher creativity significantly enhances student motivation, active participation, and comprehension of learning materials, a finding corroborated directly by students themselves. Supporting factors include availability of digital infrastructure, school principal support including digital-competency training, and student enthusiasm, while inhibiting factors include limited PID units requiring schedule rotation, time constraints for preparation, and the multilayered administrative duties of teachers. This study concludes that teacher creativity in maximizing existing learning infrastructure is a key determinant in creating an effective learning environment in elementary schools.
Implementasi Full Day School di SMA Negeri 1 Palipi Desa Saor Nauli Kecamatan Palipi
The implementation of full day school in each school can face different dynamics according to the conditions and characteristics of the environment where the policy is implemented. These conditions are the basis for studying the implementation of full day school in SMA Negeri 1 Palipi, Saor Nauli Village. The study aims to examine the implementation of full day school and analyze the obstacles that influence its implementation in SMA Negeri 1 Palipi, Saor Nauli Village. The type of research used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews and documentation. Implementation began at the beginning of the odd semester, precisely on July 16, 2025. Activities were carried out with an allocation of 10 hours of lessons every day, starting from 07.00–16.00 WIB with 2 breaks, namely at 10.15–10.30 and 12.45–13.45 WIB. Obstacles also influence its implementation, including: (1) the inconsistency of the longer duration in the full day school system with the characteristics of the community, the majority of whom are farmers; (2) limited access to transportation caused by the diverse conditions of the organization, such as the location of the organization which is separated in the waters of Lake Toba and the organization which is in the highland area; (3) inadequate facilities and infrastructure to support the needs of the full day school system activity process; (4) the learning process which is not conducive due to inadequate support from the school's readiness; and (5) the physical and psychological condition of students and teachers. Thus, the implementation of full day school at SMA Negeri 1 Palipi still requires various adjustment efforts and support so that its implementation can run more optimally in accordance with the internal and external conditions of the school.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Model Project Based Learning (PjBL) terhadap Literasi Sains dan Hasil Belajar Biologi Kelas X SMAN 10 Mataram Tahun Ajaran 2025/2026
Learning and the appropriate use of instructional models can be student-centered. Project Based Learning (PjBL) is a learning model that can actively engage students in the learning process. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Project Based Learning model on students’ scientific literacy and Biology learning outcomes among Grade X students at SMAN 10 Mataram in the 2025/2026 academic year, particularly on the topic of climate change. This study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The study population consisted of Grade X students at SMAN 10 Mataram, with a sample of 60 students, comprising 30 students in the experimental group and 30 students in the control group. Data were collected using scientific literacy tests and learning outcome tests, while data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with the assistance of SPSS 25. The results showed that the Project Based Learning model had a significant effect on learning outcomes, with a significance value of 0.001. The adjusted mean score of the experimental group was 76.094, which was higher than that of the control group (52.306). Furthermore, the model had a significant effect on scientific literacy, with a significance value of 0.000. The adjusted mean score of the experimental group was 75.562, higher than that of the control group (57.371). Therefore, it can be concluded that the Project Based Learning model has a significant effect on improving students’ scientific literacy and Biology learning outcomes among Grade X students at SMAN 10 Mataram.
Pengembangan Media Monopoli Berbasis Problem Based Learning pada Pembelajaran IPAS Kelas V SDIQ Ar-Risalah Lubuk Linggau
This study aimed to develop a Monopoly learning media based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) for teaching IPAS on the topic of “Mystery of Shadows” to fifth-grade students at SDIQ Ar-Risalah Lubuklinggau, as well as to determine its validity, practicality, and effectiveness. This study employed Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model, which consists of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research subjects were 27 fifth-grade students of Al-Qomar class. Data were collected through observation, interviews, validation questionnaires, teacher and student response questionnaires, and learning outcome tests in the form of pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using Aiken’s V, percentage analysis, and N-Gain. The results showed that the Aiken’s V values were 0.97 from the language expert, 0.94 from the media expert, and 0.89 from the material expert, indicating that the media was valid. The practicality of the media obtained a score of 94.67% from the teacher, 100% in the one-to-one trial, and 98.33% in the small-group trial, with an average score of 97.67%, categorized as very practical. The effectiveness test results showed that the average pre-test score of 44.44 increased to 83.70 in the post-test, with an N-Gain score of 0.71, categorized as high. Therefore, the PBL-based Monopoly learning media was declared valid, highly practical, and effective for use in IPAS learning.
Pengaruh Joyful Learning Berbasis Gamifikasi terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas V pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Critical thinking is a key twenty-first-century competency that remains insufficiently developed in primary education, particularly in Indonesian language learning. This study aimed to examine the effect of gamification-based joyful learning on the critical thinking skills of fifth-grade students. A quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design was employed. The study involved 37 fifth-grade students at SDN 1 Purwodadi, Central Lampung, consisting of an experimental group (18 students) and a control group (19 students). The experimental group received gamification-based joyful learning, whereas the control group was taught using a scientific approach. Data were collected through validated and reliable essay-based Pre-test and Post-test instruments and analyzed using an independent samples t-test. The results showed that the experimental group achieved a higher mean Post-test score (82.12) than the control group (72.86). Hypothesis testing revealed a significance value of p < 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant effect of gamification-based joyful learning on students’ critical thinking skills. These findings demonstrate that integrating gamification elements, including points, badges, leaderboards, and tiered challenges, within an enjoyable learning environment can effectively enhance students’ critical thinking, confidence in expressing opinions, and ability to analyze information in Indonesian language learning.
Upaya Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Teks Eksplanasi melalui Strategi Menulis Terbimbing pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Kelas VC Min 1 Kota Mataram Tahun Pelajaran 2025/2026
This study aimed to improve students’ explanatory text writing skills through the implementation of a guided writing strategy in the Indonesian language subject for Class VC students at MIN 1 Mataram City in the 2025/2026 academic year. This study employed Classroom Action Research (CAR), which was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of four stages: planning, action implementation, evaluation, and reflection. The research subjects were 37 students. Data were collected through written tests, observations of students’ activities, and documentation. The data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods. The results showed that the implementation of the guided writing strategy improved students’ explanatory text writing skills. In Cycle I, the students’ mean score was 76.7, with a classical mastery level of 70%, consisting of 26 students who achieved mastery and 11 students who had not yet achieved mastery. In Cycle II, the mean score increased to 86.6, with a classical mastery level of 92%, consisting of 34 students who achieved mastery and 3 students who had not yet achieved mastery. Students’ activities also improved from the moderately active category in Cycle I to the very active category in Cycle II. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the guided writing strategy can improve the explanatory text writing skills of Class VC students at MIN 1 Mataram City and achieve the predetermined success indicators.
Kajian Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan Wilayah Pesisir Sumatera Barat serta Hubungannya dengan Pertumbuhan Penduduk, Kebijakan Pemerintah, dan Ancaman Abrasi.
Coastal areas play a strategic role in supporting economic, social, and environmental activities, thereby requiring well-planned and sustainable management. During the period 2015–2024, the coastal region of West Sumatra experienced significant land-use changes driven by population growth, residential expansion, infrastructure development, and the implementation of government development and spatial planning policies. While these changes have contributed to regional development, they have also increased pressure on coastal ecosystems, particularly in relation to coastal erosion risks. This study aims to analyze land-use changes in the coastal areas of West Sumatra during the 2015–2024 period and examine their relationship with population growth, government policies, and the potential for future coastal erosion. The research employed a quantitative descriptive method with a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based spatial analysis approach using overlay techniques on satellite imagery, population data, and spatial planning policy documents. The results indicate that residential and built-up areas increased from 12,450 hectares to 16,870 hectares, representing a growth of approximately 35.5%. In contrast, mangrove areas decreased by 24.2%, while agricultural land declined by 17.0%. These findings suggest that population growth and government development policies have contributed to land-use conversion in coastal areas. The reduction of mangrove ecosystems, which function as natural coastal protection, has further increased the vulnerability of these areas to coastal erosion. Therefore, strengthening the role of government in spatial planning control, coastal ecosystem protection, and the formulation of sustainable development policies is essential. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable input for policymakers in designing more effective and sustainable coastal management strategies.
Pengembangan LKPD Digital Berbasis Inkuiri untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Fisika
Physics learning requires teaching materials that can encourage active student involvement so that learning becomes more meaningful and supports improved learning outcomes. The current state of physics instruction at SMA Negeri 1 Berastagi reveals a reliance on conventional teaching methods, a lack of variety in teaching materials, and an absence of digital student worksheets (LKPD). This study aims to develop an inquiry-based digital student worksheet using the Liveworksheets platform for the topic of Temperature and Heat, and to assess its validity, practicality, and impact on student learning outcomes. The study employs the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, comprising the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Participants included Grade XI F2 and XI F3 students from SMA Negeri 1 Berastagi who took part in both small-group and large-group trials. Data were collected through validation sheets completed by media and subject matter experts, response questionnaires from educators and students, and learning outcome tests. The results indicate that the developed inquiry-based digital worksheet (supported by Liveworksheets) achieved excellent validity ratings from both media and subject matter experts. The product also received highly positive feedback from educators and students, placing it in the "highly practical" category. The use of the digital worksheet demonstrated an improvement in students' physics learning outcomes following instruction on the topic of Temperature and Heat. Consequently, the developed inquiry-based digital worksheet (supported by Liveworksheets) serves as an effective teaching tool to support the physics learning process and enhance student learning outcomes.
Pengaruh Metode Mnemonik terhadap Daya Ingat Siswa Kelas IV pada Mata Pelajaran IPAS di SDN 15 Cakaranegara
This study aimed to determine the effect of the mnemonic method on the memory of fourth-grade students in the IPAS subject at SDN 15 Cakranegara in the 2025/2026 Academic Year. This study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method and a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population of this study consisted of all fourth-grade students at SDN 15 Cakranegara, with the sample consisting of Class IV A as the control class and Class IV B as the experimental class. Data were collected through tests and observation. The research instrument was a memory test administered in the form of a pretest and posttest. The experimental class received treatment using the mnemonic method with acrostic, visual, and storytelling techniques. The data were analyzed using normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis tests with an Independent Samples t-Test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that the mnemonic method had an effect on the memory of fourth-grade students in the IPAS subject. This was evidenced by the results of the Independent Samples t-Test, which obtained a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05. Therefore, H₀ was rejected and Hₐ was accepted. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the mnemonic method had an effect on the memory of fourth-grade students in the IPAS subject at SDN 15 Cakranegara.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Berbantuan Media Kartu Unobiosis terhadap Pemahaman Konsep IPA Peserta Didik Kelas III SDN 5 Selong
This study aimed to determine the effect of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model assisted by UNOBIOSIS card media on the science concept understanding of third-grade students at SDN 5 Selong. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design using the Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The research sample consisted of 59 students, including 29 students in Class III-A as the experimental group and 30 students in Class III-B as the control group. The experimental group was taught using the TGT cooperative learning model assisted by UNOBIOSIS card media, while the control group was taught using the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning model. Data were collected using a 10-item multiple-choice test on science concept understanding that had been validated and proven reliable. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics through the Independent Samples t-test with the assistance of SPSS version 30. The results showed that the mean posttest score of the experimental group was 74.8, while that of the control group was 65.7. The Independent Samples t-test yielded a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.003 (< 0.05), indicating a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model assisted by UNOBIOSIS card media has a positive and significant effect on the science concept understanding of third-grade students at SDN 5 Selong.
Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Ditinjau dari Metakognisi Belajar Murid Sekolah Dasar
This research was motivated by the low mathematical problem-solving ability of elementary school students and the prevalence of teacher-centered learning practices. This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on students' mathematical problem-solving ability viewed from their level of learning metacognition, as well as to measure the extent of improvement in these skills at SDN 009 Cikadut Bandung. The research applied a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method using a 2x2 factorial Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population and sample consisted of all 52 fourth-grade students, divided into class IV A (26 students) as the experimental group applying the PBL model, and class IV B (26 students) as the control group using a conventional learning model. Data collection techniques included mathematical problem-solving tests (pretest and posttest), learning metacognition questionnaires, observations, and documentation. The test instrument was designed based on Polya's four problem-solving stages. The results showed that the mean posttest score of the experimental class increased significantly from 67.92 (pretest) to 80.23 (posttest), with 50% of students achieving the "very good" category and 50% achieving the "good" category. Conversely, the control class's mean score moved from 67.54 (pretest) to 65.27 (posttest), with 84.6% of students in the "good" category and 15.4% in the "fair" category. Therefore, the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model has a positive and significant effect on enhancing elementary school students' mathematical problem-solving ability, integrated with their level of learning metacognition.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Berbantuan Game Edukasi Gimkit terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X pada Materi Atmosfer di SMA Negeri 1 Suwawa
The rapid advancement of digital technology has encouraged educational innovation, particularly in the integration of technology-based learning media to enhance student engagement and participation. One of the innovations that has gained attention is the use of educational games that combine learning activities with interactive gameplay. In geography education, the topic of the atmosphere often presents challenges because it contains abstract concepts that require effective learning strategies to facilitate students’ understanding. Discovery Learning, supported by the Gimkit educational game, was introduced as an interactive learning approach that encouraged students to actively explore concepts, engage in discussions, solve problems, and receive immediate feedback throughout the learning process. This combination was designed to create a more dynamic, enjoyable, and student-centered learning environment while addressing the learning characteristics of the digital generation.
Evaluasi Kelayakan dan Kepraktisan Aplikasi GeoMaritim Berbasis iSpring Suite pada Pembelajaran Geografi SMA
This article presents the evaluation of the feasibility and practicality of the GeoMaritim application, an iSpring Suite-based instructional tool on Indonesia's Maritime Axis topic, whose design and development process was reported in a previous study. This study specifically assesses the application's feasibility and practicality based on media-expert, material-expert, teacher, and student evaluations, data not previously published. A quantitative descriptive design was used with four instruments: media-expert and material-expert validation sheets, a teacher assessment sheet, and a student response questionnaire, analyzed through mean scores converted to a five-point feasibility scale and response percentages. The material expert rated all aspects highly feasible (91%, 84%, 100%). The media expert's first-stage validation revealed weaknesses in functionality and accessibility, which improved to the practical category (80%, 80%) after revision. The geography teacher rated all aspects highly practical (95%, 93%, 93%), and students gave highly practical responses on display, language, and learning-benefit aspects (88%, 86%, 86%). Revisions included added content, higher-resolution display, improved navigation, and an online access link. These findings confirm that the GeoMaritim application is feasible and practical for geography instruction on the Maritime Axis topic.
Analisis Faktor Penyebab Rendahnya Minat Baca Siswa Sekolah Dasar Era Digital
This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the low reading interest among fourth-grade elementary school students in the digital era and to describe the efforts made by teachers to improve students’ reading interest at SDN Kala. This research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. The data sources consisted of five teachers and eighteen fourth-grade students. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted through the stages of data reduction, data interpretation, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was ensured through theory triangulation and source triangulation. The findings revealed that the low reading interest of students was influenced by both internal and external factors. Internal factors included low reading motivation, a lack of reading habits, and difficulties in comprehending reading materials. External factors included excessive use of gadgets and digital media, limited family support for reading culture, inadequate school literacy facilities, and the use of less innovative teaching methods. Furthermore, the study found that teachers had implemented various strategies to enhance students’ reading interest, such as establishing reading routines before lessons, providing classroom reading corners, utilizing engaging learning media, integrating educational digital media, and collaborating with parents to foster a reading culture at home. These findings indicate that improving elementary school students’ reading interest in the digital era requires collaboration among schools, teachers, families, and the wider community through strengthening literacy culture and promoting the educational use of digital technology.