Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains, Geologi, dan Geofisika (GeoScienceEd Journal)
Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains, Geologi, dan Geofisika (GeoScienceEd Journal) e-ISSN: 2723-2913, p-ISSN: 2723-2905 is a scholarly publication issued quarterly, in February, May, August, and November. Its publication began in June 2020 under the Department of Physics Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP), University of Mataram. Articles accepted for publication may be written in either Indonesian or English, thereby providing broader opportunities for researchers to disseminate their scholarly work GeoScienceEd Journal serves as a scientific platform for the publication of research in the fields of education, science, geology, and geophysics. The scope of the journal encompasses research-based articles that address both educational studies and earth sciences. With its interdisciplinary focus, the journal contributes to the advancement of knowledge by presenting scientific findings that are relevant to the development of science and technology. All submitted manuscripts undergo a rigorous double-blind peer review process to ensure objectivity and maintain the quality of publications. Reviewers appointed by the editorial board are required to adhere to the Ethics for Reviewers in order to uphold academic integrity and ethical standards throughout the review process. Furthermore, all published works are protected under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, ensuring that authors retain copyright over their contributions.
Revitalisasi Permainan Tradisional Jambi untuk Pembelajaran Fisika Kontekstual: Kajian Efektivitas Melalui Rasch Model
Physics is often perceived as difficult and abstract because learning activities are rarely connected to students’ real-life and cultural experiences. This study aimed to analyze the validity and reliability of assessment instruments using the Rasch Model, evaluate the effectiveness of a game-based physics learning module grounded in Jambi traditional games, and examine students’ motivation and responses. A quantitative Research and Development (R&D) approach based on the ADDIE model was employed involving 68 eleventh-grade science students. Data were collected through pretest–posttest assessments, motivation questionnaires, and classroom observations, then analyzed using the Rasch Model and paired-sample t-test. The findings showed high instrument quality, with person reliability ranging from 0.85–0.87 and item reliability from 0.92–0.93. Most items met the Rasch fit criteria (Infit–Outfit MNSQ 0.5–1.5), indicating valid and consistent measurement. Students’ mean scores improved significantly from 52.3 to 83.7, with a very large effect size (Cohen’s d = 1.85). Rasch analysis also revealed a positive shift in students’ conceptual abilities and showed that approximately 75% of students achieved above-average motivation after the intervention. These findings indicate that integrating Jambi traditional games into physics learning effectively contextualizes abstract concepts, enhances conceptual understanding, motivation, and creates more meaningful learning experiences.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains, Geologi, dan Geofisika (GeoScienceEd Journal)
Analisis Kebijakan Standar Mutu Kualitas Sarana dan Prasarana antar Wilayah
Educational facilities and infrastructure constitute one of the main pillars in achieving the improvement of national education quality. This study aims to analyze the Policy of Quality Standards for Facilities and Infrastructure Across Regions, as well as to identify various supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. Using a qualitative approach through document study and educational policy analysis methods, this case study compares the conditions at MTsN 1 Lombok Barat and MTsN 4 Lombok Barat. The results of the study indicate a gap in facilities and infrastructure across regions. MTsN 1 Lombok Barat, as a flagship madrasah, has relatively met the standards with complete and representative facilities. On the other hand, MTsN 4 Lombok Barat, as a developing madrasah, faces significant limitations in terms of laboratories, libraries, sports fields, and the utilization of educational technology. The main inhibiting factors include a lack of facilities and infrastructure, financial constraints, and suboptimal management. As a solution, the policy of "Strengthening Facilities and Infrastructure Management Based on Collaboration and Optimization of Local Resources" was selected, which is realistic, participatory, and in line with the spirit of School-Based Management (SBM).
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap Kemampuan Literasi Matematis Siswa Madrasah Aliyah pada Materi Barisan Ditinjau Dari Self Resilience
This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on students’ mathematical literacy skills in the topic of sequences, viewed from self-resilience. This research employed a quasi-experimental method with a pretest–posttest nonequivalent control group design using a 2×3 factorial arrangement. The research sample consisted of an experimental class and a control class at MA Plus Nurul Islam Sekarbela. The research instruments included a mathematical literacy test, a self-resilience questionnaire, and observation sheets. Data were analyzed using the Independent Sample t-test and two-way ANOVA. The results showed that the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model had a significant effect on students’ mathematical literacy skills. The mean posttest score of the experimental class was higher than that of the control class. Meanwhile, self-resilience did not have a significant effect on mathematical literacy skills. Similarly, there was no significant interaction between the learning model and self-resilience. However, descriptively, students who learned through the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model showed higher mathematical literacy skills across all self-resilience categories compared to those in conventional learning. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model effectively improves students’ mathematical literacy skills on sequences material, while self-resilience and its interaction with the learning model do not have a significant effect.
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Motorik Halus melalui Bermain Origami pada Kelompok B di TK DWP DIKPORA Ampenan
This study aimed to improve children's fine motor skills through origami play activities in Group B at DWP Dikpora Ampenan Kindergarten. The study was motivated by the insufficient development of children's fine motor skills, as reflected in their difficulties in performing directed movements such as folding paper, pressing fold lines, and coordinating hand and eye movements. To address this issue, origami play activities were implemented as an engaging and educational learning medium. This study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design conducted in two cycles, consisting of the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The participants of this study were 17 children in Group B. Data were collected through observation and documentation and analyzed using a quantitative descriptive approach. The findings indicated a gradual improvement in children's fine motor skills across each cycle, increasing from 53.46% in the pre-cycle stage to 65.22% in Cycle I and further to 87.76% in Cycle II, which was categorized as a highly developed level of fine motor skills. Therefore, origami play activities can improve children's fine motor skills and may serve as an alternative learning activity to support fine motor development in early childhood education.
Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Islamic Religious Education: The Perspective of the Qur'an, Hadith, and Maqā Sīd al-Sharī'ah in the Era of Society 5.0
Development Intelligence Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the era of Society 5.0 has bring change big in the world of education , including Islamic Religious Education (PAI). The presence of AI provides opportunity For increase effectiveness , accessibility , personalization , and innovation learning through various system education digital- based . However , the integration of AI in Islamic education also presents various challenge ethics , such as risk dehumanization , shift spiritual values , algorithmic bias , AI hallucination , uncertainty epistemology of religion, as well as threat to participant data privacy and security education . Research This aim For analyze ethics the use of AI in Islamic Religious Education is based on perspective of the Qur'an, Hadith , and maqā ṣ id al- syarī' ah . Study use approach qualitative with method study bibliography and analysis descriptive-thematic . Data obtained through technique documentation from primary sources in the form of the Qur'an and Hadith as well as source secondary consisting of top 20 articles journal scientific , books academic and publication scientific publications published over a period of 2022–2026 . The literature was selected based on the criteria of relevance to the themes of AI, Islamic Religious Education, Society 5.0, digital ethics, and maqā ṣ id al-syarī'ah. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of open coding , axial coding , and selective coding to identify the main themes of the research. The results of the study indicate that Islamic ethical principles such as sincere intention, tabayyun, etiquette towards knowledge and teachers, and the practice of knowledge are important foundations in the use of AI in Islamic Religious Education. This study also found that maqā ṣ id al-syarī'ah which includes the protection of religion, intellect, life, descendants, and property can be a normative framework in the development and evaluation of AI technology. The main contribution of this study is the formulation of an AI ethics model that integrates the principles of Islamic learning ethics with maqā ṣ id al-syarī'ah as a conceptual foundation for the development of Islamic Religious Education in the era of Society 5.0. Therefore, AI needs to be positioned as a learning support tool that strengthens humanistic, spiritual, and moral values, not as a substitute for the role of educators.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Berbasis POE (Predict, Observe, Explain) pada Materi Kalor Kelas VII SMP
This study aims to develop a Predict–Observe–Explain (POE)-based Student Worksheet (LKPD) on the topic of heat. The study is limited to the subtopic of heat transfer for seventh-grade junior high school students, with the goal of creating a valid and practical tool for use in learning activities. This study employs the ADDIE development model, which consists of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects included subject matter experts, media experts, science teachers, and 29 seventh-grade students at a junior high school in Jombang Regency. Data were collected through observation, interviews, validation questionnaires, and response questionnaires. The research instruments used included validation sheets, lesson implementation sheets, and student response questionnaires. The research results indicate that the POE-based worksheets achieved a validity percentage of 95.5%, classified as highly valid. The practicality results based on the lesson implementation sheets reached 91.3%, classified as highly practical, while the student response questionnaires achieved a percentage of 96.5%, classified as highly practical. The developed worksheets were found to be effective and practical in supporting learning because they helped students understand the concept of heat transfer through systematic predict, observe, and explain activities. Thus, POE-based LKPDs are suitable for use as teaching materials in science classes on the topic of heat transfer for seventh-grade junior high school students.
Pembelajaran Berbasis Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) dan OBE (Outcome-Based Education) di Perguruan Tinggi
This study discusses learning based on Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) and Outcome Based Education (OBE ) in higher education as a strategy for transforming higher education in Indonesia. MBKM is a policy that provides flexibility for students to gain learning experiences outside their study programs through various activities, such as internships, research, student exchanges, humanitarian projects, and entrepreneurship programs. Meanwhile, OBE is an educational approach oriented toward learning outcomes, where the entire learning process is designed to produce graduates who are competent, adaptive, and relevant to the needs of the workforce. This study aims to describe the concepts of MBKM and OBE , their implementation in higher education, as well as the advantages and challenges of their application. This study employs a systematic literature review method by analyzing 25 scientific sources published between 2019 and 2025, comprising accredited national journals indexed in Sinta 2–4, international journals indexed in Scopus and Google Scholar, as well as policy documents and official reports from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia. The literature was selected based on relevance criteria related to MBKM implementation, OBE frameworks, curriculum transformation, and graduate competency outcomes in higher education contexts. The results show that the integration of MBKM and OBE is able to create a more flexible, innovative, and student-centered learning system. In addition to improving academic competence, the implementation of these two approaches also develops students' soft skills, such as communication, collaboration, creativity, and critical thinking skills. However, their implementation still faces several challenges, including the readiness of human resources, curriculum adjustment, outcome-based evaluation systems, and limited industrial partnerships. Therefore, strengthening the curriculum, improving lecturers' competencies, and developing partnerships with various stakeholders are necessary to optimize the implementation of MBKM and OBE .
Implementasi Program Lingkar Refleksi Literasi untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Literacy programs in elementary schools tend to focus primarily on reading activities without incorporating reflective processes that can foster students’ critical thinking skills. This study aims to describe the implementation of the Literacy Reflection Circle program based on reflective journals as a strategy to strengthen the critical thinking skills of fourth-grade students at SDN 25 Mataram.This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects consisted of 20 fourth-grade students.The results indicate that the implementation of the Literacy Reflection Circle program enhances students’ engagement in literacy activities, improves their ability to express ideas logically, and increases their confidence in participating in discussions. In addition, students show improvement in understanding, analyzing, and evaluating reading texts.Therefore, this program can serve as an innovative and effective literacy learning model to improve critical thinking skills among elementary school students.
Profil Kemampuan Komunikasi Mahasiswa Pendidikan Fisika Universitas Mataram Menggunakan Presentation Skills Rubric Cornell University
Public speaking ability is a crucial interpersonal competency that must be mastered by pre-service teachers as a foundation for future classroom management. This study aims to map the academic communication skills of fifth-semester students in the Physics Education Study Program at Universitas Mataram in the course of School Administration and Management (AMS). The research employed a descriptive quantitative method using structured direct observation of 54 students. The data collection instrument was an observation sheet adapted from the Presentation Skills Rubric developed by Cornell University, which includes four dimensions: Content, Organization, Delivery, and Visual Media. The results revealed a significant performance imbalance across the assessed dimensions. Students demonstrated very strong performance in Visual Media (3.50) and Content (2.80). However, the Delivery dimension declined sharply to 2.15 (low category). As many as 59.2% of students (32 individuals) were categorized as “very poor” in eye contact due to a high dependency on reading text from slides. The theoretical and regulation-heavy characteristics of AMS course materials encouraged students to rely on reading rather than engaging in visual interaction with the audience. These findings highlight the need for methodological interventions in teaching, such as mind mapping training and the use of transparent assessment rubrics from the beginning of the semester, to better prepare competent pre-service physics teachers in pedagogical communication skills.
Efektivitas Program Serbu sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Literasi di Sekolah Dasar
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the “Serbu Literasi” Program in improving elementary school students’ literacy skills. The research employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design in the form of a one-group pre-test and post-test. The subjects were 23 third-grade students of SDN 2 Labuapi. The research instruments consisted of a literacy test and an observation sheet. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a normality test as supporting analysis. The results showed an increase in the students’ average score from 66.30 in the pre-test to 85.65 in the post-test. The statistical test also indicated a significant difference between students’ abilities before and after the treatment. Thus, the Serbu Literasi Program is proven to be effective in improving elementary school students’ literacy skills. The program also enhances student engagement, reading interest, and critical thinking skills in understanding information.
Implementasi Arah Kebijakan Pendidikan Prasekolah dan Respons Orang Tua terhadap Partisipasi Anak di Taman Kanak-Kanak
The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of preschool education policy directions and parents’ responses to children's participation in kindergarten. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. It was conducted in one kindergarten, involving five informants consisting of one principal, two teachers, and two parents. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation, and documentation. The data were analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing techniques. The validity of the data was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The results indicate that informants generally have a good understanding of the importance of preschool education, and parents’ responses to children's participation in kindergarten tend to be positive. However, the implementation of preschool education policy directions has not been fully optimal because the policy remains advisory rather than mandatory, policy communication has not reached all parents effectively, and some parents still have limited understanding of the importance of preschool education. In addition, children's participation is influenced by socioeconomic factors and limited access to educational institutions. Therefore, improving the effectiveness of policy communication and strengthening support from various stakeholders are necessary to enhance children's participation in preschool education. This study is expected to serve as a reference for strengthening the implementation of preschool education policies in Indonesia.
Evaluasi Program Paket C Menggunakan Model Evaluasi CIPP di PKBM Melati Kabupaten Enrekang
Although various studies have evaluated the Package C Program using the CIPP model, most studies focused on general aspects of program implementation and were conducted in different locations. To date, there are not many studies that specifically evaluate the Package C Program at PKBM Melati, Enrekang Regency, by comprehensively examining the context, input, process, and product aspects according to the conditions and needs of the local community. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Package C Program at PKBM Melati, Enrekang Regency using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. The Paket C Program is one of the equivalency education services intended for people who are unable to attend formal education; therefore, program evaluation is necessary to determine the level of success and identify supporting and inhibiting factors. This study employed a qualitative evaluative approach involving PKBM managers, tutors, and learners as research subjects. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that in the context aspect, the implementation of the Paket C Program was in accordance with community needs for equivalency education services. In the input aspect, the availability of human resources, facilities, curriculum, and funding had supported program implementation although several limitations still existed. In the process aspect, learning activities had been carried out according to plan through face-to-face learning and assignments, but learner participation had not been fully optimal. In the product aspect, the program showed positive results in increasing community opportunities to obtain senior high school equivalency certificates as well as improving learners’ knowledge and skills. In general, the Paket C Program at PKBM Melati Enrekang Regency has been implemented fairly well, but improvements are still needed in facilities, learner discipline, and learning innovation.
Transformasi Pendidikan Madrasah melalui Analisis Implementasi Kebijakan Kurikulum Berbasis Cinta
The transformation of madrasa education has become an important part of addressing the challenges of modern education, which are characterized by moral crises, low social empathy, and the dominance of cognitive-oriented learning. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Love-Based Curriculum (Kurikulum Berbasis Cinta/KBC) policy as an effort to transform madrasa education toward a more humanistic, religious, and character-oriented learning process for students. The research employed a qualitative approach using a library research method. Data were collected from scientific journals, policy documents, books, and previous studies relevant to the implementation of the Love-Based Curriculum in madrasas. The findings reveal that the implementation of KBC has transformed the learning culture in madrasas through the strengthening of values such as compassion, empathy, tolerance, religious moderation, and reflective learning. The curriculum also shifts the educational paradigm from teacher-centered learning to a more humanistic student-centered approach. However, the implementation of the policy still faces several challenges, including limited teacher competence, insufficient training, and difficulties in evaluating students’ affective achievements. Therefore, synergy among the government, madrasas, teachers, and the community is needed to support the sustainable implementation of the Love-Based Curriculum policy.
Pengaruh Model Project Based Learning (PjBL) terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif dan Hasil Belajar Biologi pada Materi Bioteknologi Siswa Kelas X MIPA SMAN 9 Makassar
This study aims to examine the effect of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model on students’ creative thinking skills and biology learning outcomes in biotechnology material for Grade X MIPA students at SMAN 9 Makassar. This quasi-experimental study used a non-equivalent control group design with class X.6 as the experimental group and class X.5 as the control group. Data were collected through pretest and posttest using essay and multiple-choice tests. The results showed an increase in creative thinking scores in the experimental class, while the control class showed minimal improvement. However, statistical analysis indicated that PjBL did not have a significant effect on both variables. Despite this, there was a descriptive tendency of improvement in the experimental class, influenced by factors such as limited time, suboptimal implementation, and low student participation. Therefore, PjBL has potential to improve learning, although its effect was not statistically significant.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS Siswa Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Somatik, Auditori, Visual, Intelektual (SAVI) di Kelas V SDN Menteng Atas 14
This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of social studies students of class V-B SDN Menteng Atas 14 through the application of the Somatic, Auditory, Visual, and Intellectual (SAVI) learning model. This study uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method. Data were collected through observation sheets, learning outcome tests, field notes, and documentation. Student learning outcomes were measured based on the percentage of students who achieved the Learning Objective Achievement Criteria with a minimum score of ≥75, while the research success indicator was determined if at least 85% of students achieved ≥75. The results showed an increase in teacher activity, student activity, and student learning outcomes from cycle I to cycle II. In cycle I, teacher activity reached 85.70% and student activity reached 76.20%, while the percentage of student learning outcome completion was 60.87%, so it had not reached the established success indicator. After the implementation of cycle II, teacher activity increased to 100%, student activity to 95.20%, and the percentage of student learning outcome completion increased to 91.30%, so it had exceeded the research success indicator. The implementation of the SAVI learning model makes the learning process more interactive and meaningful, making it easier for students to understand the material being studied. Therefore, the SAVI learning model is effective in improving elementary school students' social studies learning outcomes.
Efisiensi Platforms Digital dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Evaluasi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam pada Kurikulum Merdeka
The transformation of information technology has shifted the evaluation paradigm from conventional written test-based models toward digital assessments that are more systematic, adaptive, and well-documented. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a literature review method to examine the concept of Islamic Education (PAI) evaluation, the characteristics of the Merdeka Curriculum, and the utilization models of platforms such as Google Forms, Moodle, and Quizizz in the assessment process. The findings indicate that digital platforms contribute to improving objectivity, efficiency, transparency, and the speed of feedback through automatic grading features and learning outcome data analysis. In addition, digital platforms support the implementation of formative and authentic assessments in line with the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum. However, their implementation also faces several limitations, such as the potential for academic dishonesty, disparities in technology access, limitations in measuring affective and spiritual aspects, and reduced direct pedagogical interaction. Therefore, the effectiveness of digital platforms in PAI evaluation highly depends on teachers’ competencies in designing valid instruments and managing technology while maintaining orientation toward character building and Islamic values.
Komparasi Laju Deforestasi Kabupaten Berbasis Agraris dengan Kabupaten Berbasis Industri Pertambangan di Pulau Sumbawa Periode 2017–2024
The dry tropical forests of Sumbawa Island represent critical hydrological buffers that are highly vulnerable to disturbance yet face mounting land-conversion pressure from land-based economic expansion. Sumbawa Island exhibits a contrasting dual economic structure: agrarian districts dependent on maize cultivation and an industrial district dominated by copper-gold mining. This study comparatively analyzes deforestation rates between these two groups during the 2017–2024 period to identify which economic sector exerts the greatest pressure on forest cover. A quantitative comparative method based on spatial data analysis was employed, utilizing the ESRI Land Cover 10m dataset derived from Sentinel-2 imagery for 2017 and 2024, processed using the Tabulate Area function in ArcGIS Pro under the UTM Zone 50S, WGS 84 projection system. Deforestation rates were calculated using both an absolute approach in hectares per year and a relative approach through Puyravaud's (2003) Compound Annual Rate (CAR) formula. Results indicate that all districts experienced declining tree cover throughout the study period. Dompu Regency recorded the highest deforestation rate at −3.44% per year, equivalent to 4,075 hectares per year, followed by Bima Regency at −1.21% per year, Sumbawa Regency at −0.47% per year, and West Sumbawa Regency at −0.41% per year. The mining-based district, West Sumbawa Regency, recorded the lowest deforestation rate despite possessing the largest Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). This finding confirms that economic scale does not directly correlate with deforestation intensity; rather, sectoral governance is the primary determining factor. Regulatory instruments such as reclamation obligations and Forest Area Borrowing-Use Permits have proven effective in constraining the spatial expansion of mining activities, whereas sporadic and atomistic agrarian pressure from maize farming has driven massive forest conversion along forest frontiers.
Timbunan Sampah Organik dan Potensi Emisi Metana di Nusa Tenggara Barat
The increasing generation of household organic waste has become a serious challenge in supporting low-carbon development in regions experiencing rapid population growth, such as West Nusa Tenggara Province (NTB). The low level of waste management causes most organic waste to end up in Final Disposal Sites (TPA), where it undergoes anaerobic decomposition and produces methane gas (CH₄), one of the Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) with a global warming potential 28–34 times higher than carbon dioxide (CO₂). This study aims to identify the magnitude of household organic waste generation, estimate methane (CH₄) emissions produced, and analyze its implications for regional low-carbon development. The method used is descriptive analysis with secondary data sources, using households as the main unit of analysis for organic waste generation. Data were obtained from Statistics Indonesia (BPS), the National Waste Management Information System (SIPSN-KLHK), NTB Low Carbon Development Planning documents (PRKBI), and the IPCC 2006 guidelines using the First Order Decay (FOD) approach. The results show that with a population of 5.73 million in NTB in 2025, household organic waste generation reaches approximately 769,489 tons/year with an estimated methane emission of ±38,474 tons CH₄/year or equivalent to ±1,077,272–1,308,116 tons CO₂e/year. The waste management rate of only 13.48% increases emissions risk from the waste sector, indicating that household organic waste management must be positioned as a strategic instrument in emission mitigation and in supporting low-carbon development in West Nusa Tenggara Province.
Model Problem Based Learning dalam Pembelajaran PAI di Sekolah, Madrasah dan Perguruan Tinggi
Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is one of the instructional models considered effective in improving the quality of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) through a contextual problem-solving approach and student-centered learning. This article aims to comprehensively analyze the concepts, theoretical foundations, characteristics, syntax, implementation, advantages, and challenges of PBL in Islamic Religious Education at schools, madrasahs, and higher education institutions. This study employed a library research method by analyzing 26 literature sources consisting of 24 scientific journal articles, one book, and one supporting document relevant to the research topic. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis techniques. The findings indicate that PBL effectively enhances students’ critical thinking skills, learning motivation, communication skills, collaboration, and problem-solving abilities. At the school and madrasah levels, PBL has been shown to increase student engagement, improve understanding of Islamic Religious Education materials, and strengthen Islamic character through discussion and the resolution of real-life problems. At the higher education level, PBL contributes to the development of scientific reasoning, academic argumentation, and the integration of Islamic values in addressing contemporary social issues. However, the implementation of PBL still faces several challenges, including teacher readiness, differences in students’ abilities, limited instructional time, curriculum demands, and inadequate learning facilities and resources. Therefore, support from various stakeholders is required to ensure the optimal and sustainable implementation of PBL in Islamic Religious Education.
Kewajiban Menuntut Ilmu: Upaya Mengembangkan dan Mengamalkan untuk Kehidupan Bermakna
This study aims to examine the concepts of the obligation to seek knowledge, the advancement of knowledge, and the application of knowledge from the perspective of Islamic teachings. The study employed a qualitative approach using the library research method. Data were collected from the Qur’an, Hadith, classical Islamic scholarly works, and relevant scientific literature, and were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. The findings reveal that Islam positions knowledge as a fundamental element in human development and civilization, encompassing spiritual, intellectual, and social dimensions. The obligation to seek knowledge is viewed as both an individual and collective responsibility that supports personal growth and societal welfare. Furthermore, the development of knowledge in Islam emphasizes the integration of faith, reason, and ethical values, while the application of knowledge serves as a means of fulfilling religious responsibilities and contributing to the common good. The study concludes that the obligation to seek knowledge, its development, and its application constitute an interconnected framework that shapes the character, responsibility, and holistic development of Muslims.
Hidden Curriculum dalam Pendidikan Pesantren: Membentuk Keterampilan Seni Santri melalui Program Kaligrafi di Pondok Pesantren Darussalam Bermi
This study examines the concept, role, and implementation of the hidden curriculum at the Darussalam Bermi Islamic Boarding School in West Lombok, and attempts to establish continuity between formal and non-formal education. Using a qualitative approach with field research, data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that the hidden curriculum in Islamic boarding schools is a set of unwritten values, norms, and customs learned by students through interaction, role models, and habituation. Its role is crucial in developing students' artistic skills, independence, creativity, discipline, and responsibility. Its implementation is manifested through a calligraphy art program (limited class hours and a weekly program), independent student practice in their free time, and support from the Islamic boarding school in the form of space, facilities, and appreciation for students' work. Integrated continuity between formal and non-formal education can be achieved by consciously and deliberately managing the hidden curriculum, making character a part of students' daily lives.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournament Berbantuan Media Baamboozle
This study was motivated by the low social studies achievement of fourth-grade elementary school students. The study aimed to improve student achievement through the implementation of the Teams Games Tournament learning model supported by the Baamboozle platform. This study employed the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method, conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. Data collection techniques were conducted through tests, observations, and documentation. The results indicate that the implementation of the Teams Games Tournament learning model supported by the Baamboozle platform can improve student learning outcomes. This is evidenced by an increase in student learning achievement from 71% in Cycle I to 84% in Cycle II. In addition, student activity during the learning process also increased, with students becoming more active, enthusiastic, and cooperative in discussions and tournaments. Thus, the Teams Games Tournament learning model supported by Baamboozle is effective in improving elementary school students’ social studies learning outcomes.
Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran WordWall terhadap Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Sistem Ekskresi Kelas XI SMA Negeri 23 Makassar
This study aimed to determine the effect of using WordWall learning media on students’ motivation and learning outcomes in the excretory system topic among eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 23 Makassar. The study employed a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design. The research population consisted of all Grade XI students, while the sample included Class XI Merdeka 2 as the experimental group and Class XI Merdeka 1 as the control group, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using tests, questionnaires, and documentation. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that students’ learning motivation in the experimental class was higher than that in the control class. The Mann–Whitney test yielded a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant effect of WordWall media on students’ learning motivation. In terms of learning outcomes, the experimental class also demonstrated greater improvement than the control class, with an N-Gain score of 0.71 in the high category, while the control class obtained an N-Gain score of 0.53 in the moderate category. The independent sample t-test produced a significance value of 0.009 < 0.05, indicating a significant effect of WordWall learning media on students’ learning outcomes. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of WordWall learning media has a positive and significant effect on students’ motivation and learning outcomes in the excretory system topic.
Special Facilities in Elementary School Laboratories: Characteristics and Physical Components that Support Learning
This study aims to examine specialized laboratory facilities in elementary schools, focusing on their physical characteristics and components in supporting student learning. The background of this study is based on the importance of a learning environment that is appropriate for the developmental stage of elementary school students, who are still in the concrete operational stage and therefore require learning experiences that are hands-on, contextual, and interactive. Emerging issues indicate that laboratory facilities in elementary schools are often not optimally designed, whether in terms of accessibility, simplicity, or visual appeal, and thus fail to sufficiently support student engagement in learning. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a literature review method. Data were obtained from various academic sources such as books, scientific journals, and educational policy documents, and were then analyzed using content analysis techniques to identify key themes related to laboratory facilities. The results of the study indicate that elementary school laboratory facilities need to be accessible, simple, functional, visually appealing, and flexible. Supporting physical components include student work areas, open storage, educational displays, exploration corners, and adequate lighting and ventilation. Well-designed facilities contribute to students’ comfort and engagement in learning, thereby playing a crucial role in creating an effective and meaningful learning environment.
Analisis Penggunaan Sistem Informasi Mumtaz dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Administrasi Sekolah di SD Integral Luqman Al-Hakim Mataram
This study was conducted because Luqman Al-Hakim Integral Elementary School has been using the in various school administrative activities, but no in-depth study has ever been conducted regarding the effectiveness of its use. However, the use of the right information system can help improve the quality of school administrative services. Therefore, this research is important to determine how the Mumtaz Information System is used and its contribution to improving the effectiveness of school administration at Integral Luqman Al-Hakim Elementary School in Mataram. This study employs a qualitative approach using the case study method. The research subjects include the school principal, school operators, teachers, parents, and students. Data collection techniques were conducted through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis utilized the Miles and Huberman model through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the Mumtaz Information System has been actively used in various school administrative activities, such as the admission of new students, payment management, student data storage, and the online dissemination of information to parents. The use of this system enhances the effectiveness of school administration by reducing data entry errors, streamlining administrative processes, and facilitating structured data access and storage. Additionally, the quality of administrative services becomes faster, more effective, efficient, accurate, and transparent. This system also offers various benefits for schools and parents, such as ease of data management, increased administrative transparency, easy access to payment information, and strengthened communication between schools and parents. Thus, the use of the Mumtaz Information System has proven capable of supporting improved school administrative effectiveness and the quality of educational services at SD Integral Luqman Al-Hakim.
Development of Oil Drops Practicum Guide Possession with Liquid Glycerol as Source of Oil Granules
This study aimed to develop a printed practicum guide for the Millikan oil drop experiment using glycerol liquid as a source of oil droplets and to determine its feasibility based on expert validation and student perceptions. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the 4-D development model proposed by Thiagarajan, consisting of the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The research was conducted with 35 Physics Education students of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Jambi, who were enrolled in the Physics Experiment course. Data were collected through observation, interviews, validation questionnaires, and student response questionnaires. The developed practicum guide was evaluated by material and media experts using a four-point Likert scale. The material validation results showed an average score of 3.8 with a feasibility percentage of 95%, indicating a very good category. The media validation results obtained an average score of 3.5 with a feasibility percentage of 88.3%, also categorized as very good. Furthermore, student perception data showed an average score of 3.51 with a percentage of 87.96%, indicating that the practicum guide was highly accepted and considered useful for supporting independent learning. These findings demonstrate that the developed practicum guide is valid, practical, and feasible to be used as a learning resource in physics experiment courses, particularly for the Millikan oil drop experiment using glycerol liquid.
Krisis Epistemologi Pendidikan Islam di Era Modern: Systematic Literature Review tentang Dikotomi Ilmu dan Model Integrasi Keilmuan
Modernity has intensified the dichotomy between religious and general knowledge in Islamic education, leading to an epistemological crisis. This article aims to examine the historical and epistemological roots of this dichotomy, explore relevant models of knowledge integration, and formulate directions for reconstructing contemporary Islamic education. This study employs a qualitative approach with a systematic literature review design, involving an in-depth examination of relevant articles, books, and scholarly publications spanning the period from 1989 to 2026. The data were analyzed through thematic synthesis, focusing on the historical roots of dichotomy, critiques of modern epistemology, and models of knowledge integration. The findings show that the epistemological crisis in Islamic education is rooted in colonialism, the secularization of modern knowledge, dualistic educational systems, and the weakening of the tauhidic worldview. In contrast, Amin Abdullah’s integration-interconnection paradigm, bayani-burhani-irfani epistemology, the tauhidic approach, and Nasr’s idea of the desacralization of knowledge offer promising solutions. The study concludes that Islamic education requires a holistic, integrative, and transformative epistemological paradigm to respond to modern challenges without losing its spiritual and moral dimensions.
Analisis Strategi Pembelajaran IPS dalam Mengembangkan Kesadaran Sosial Siswa Sekolah Dasar
This study aims to analyze Social Studies (IPS) teaching strategies for developing social awareness among elementary school students based on research findings. This study employs a literature review (library research) using a descriptive qualitative approach. Research data were obtained from various scientific articles, national journals, and literature sources relevant to IPS learning strategies and the social awareness of elementary school students. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions regarding the findings of previous studies. The results of the study indicate that effective learning strategies for developing students’ social awareness include Project-Based Learning (PBL), cooperative learning, contextual learning, environment-based learning, group discussions, simulations, and role-playing. These strategies have been proven to enhance empathy, social concern, cooperation, responsibility, critical thinking skills, and students’ active participation in social life. Furthermore, teachers play a crucial role as facilitators in creating a participatory, collaborative, and contextual learning environment. Thus, social studies education serves not only as a means of knowledge transfer but also as a medium for character development and the cultivation of students’ social awareness. This study recommends that teachers optimize the use of active learning strategies.
Penerapan Teknik Bercerita Dua Arah (Two-Way Storytelling) untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menyimak Anak Kelompok B di TK PGRI 07 Aikmel
This study aimed to improve the listening skills of Group B children at TK PGRI 07 Aikmel through the implementation of the two-way storytelling technique. The study was motivated by the low listening skills demonstrated by the children, as reflected in their limited attention during storytelling activities, difficulties in answering questions related to the story, and inadequate ability to comprehend and retell information in a sequential manner. This research employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model, consisting of two cycles involving planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The participants were Group B children of TK PGRI 07 Aikmel. Data were collected through observation and documentation using an assessment instrument covering attention focusing, story comprehension, question answering, relevant responses, and following sequential instructions. The data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative and quantitative techniques, with a classical success criterion of at least 85%. The findings revealed a continuous improvement in children’s listening skills across the cycles. The percentage increased from 64.48% in the pre-cycle to 75.71% in Cycle I and reached 86.06% in Cycle II, exceeding the predetermined success criterion. These findings indicate that the implementation of the two-way storytelling technique is effective in improving the listening skills of early childhood learners. Furthermore, the study highlights the pedagogical value of interactive storytelling in promoting active participation, language development, and meaningful learning experiences among young children.
Kepemimpinan Perempuan di Lembaga Pendidikan Islam Kontemporer: Antara Normativitas Agama dan Tuntutan Kesetaraan Gender
Female leadership in Islamic educational institutions currently stands at a crossroads between the demands of global modernization and the resistance of traditional religious interpretations. This phenomenon triggers a long-standing debate regarding the extent to which authority can be granted to women without infringing upon the boundaries of religious normativity. This article critically examines the phenomenon of female leadership in contemporary Islamic educational institutions by analyzing the dialectical tension between historically inherited religious normativity and the growing demands for gender equality in both global and national discourses. Employing a critical-hermeneutic approach to religious texts alongside a multidisciplinary literature review, this study maps three primary arenas of debate: (1) classic fiqh interpretations versus contextual reinterpretations regarding female leadership; (2) the empirical reality of female leadership in madrasahs, pesantrens (Islamic boarding schools), and Islamic higher education institutions; and (3) the structural-cultural barriers that restrict the actualization of female leadership despite the absence of absolute theological prohibitions. The findings indicate that obstacles to female leadership in Islamic educational institutions stem predominantly from patriarchal socio-cultural constructions embedded within religious interpretations rather than from Islamic doctrine itself. The maqashid al-shari'ah approach which emphasizes justice and public interest along with the contextual hermeneutics developed by Muslim feminists such as Amina Wadud and Nasaruddin Umar, offers a robust theological foundation to legitimize female leadership. This article concludes that the transformation of female leadership in Islamic educational institutions requires simultaneous reforms: hermeneutical (recontextualization of interpretations), structural (affirmative institutional policies), and pedagogical (gender-based leadership curricula).
Efektivitas Media Representasi Visual Rantai Makanan (V-Foodchain) Terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPAS Materi Ekosistem Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
This study aimed to determine how visual representation media of the food chain, V-FoodChain, improved fourth-grade students’ ability to analyze ecosystems at SDN Paseraman 1 Arjasa, Sumenep Regency. This quantitative study used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest method. The research sample consisted of 10 students selected through total sampling. The research instrument was an essay test administered before and after the treatment. The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using a paired-sample t-test with SPSS. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ learning outcomes after the use of V-FoodChain media. The mean pretest score increased from 52.30 to 84.80 in the posttest, with a significance value of 0.000 (<0.05). The effect size was very large (d ≈ 2.2), indicating a strong practical effect. The standard deviation decreased from 16.82 to 10.27, showing more consistent learning outcomes among students. These findings indicate that V-FoodChain media is effective in improving IPAS learning outcomes on ecosystem material and supporting more consistent gains in elementary students’ abilities.
Pengaruh Media Puzzle Suku Kata terhadap Keterampilan Membaca Permulaan Siswa Kelas I SDN 24 Ampenan
This study aims to determine the influence of syllable Puzzle media on the beginning reading skills of first-grade students at SDN 24 Ampenan. This research is important to conduct because the initial reading skills of students are still low, as indicated by the fact that most students are not yet fluent in recognizing letters, reading syllables, and forming simple words. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental type using a nonequivalent control group design. The data collection technique used was testing, while data analysis was conducted thru prerequisite tests and hypothesis tests (t-test). The research results showed that there was an improvement in initial reading skills in the experimental class with an average score increase from 48 to 78.46, while the control class only increased from 52.88 to 62.85. The hypothesis test results indicated a significant effect of using syllable Puzzle media on students' initial reading skills. The conclusion of this study is that syllable Puzzle media has a positive and significant effect on improving the beginning reading skills of first-grade students at SDN 24 Ampenan, making it a viable alternative for effective and enjoyable learning media.
Persepsi Guru dalam Implementasi Pendekatan Berdiferensiasi pada Pembelajaran IPAS di Sekolah Dasar
This study aims to analyze elementary school teachers’ perceptions of the implementation of differentiated learning in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) within the Merdeka Curriculum. Differentiated learning is regarded as an approach that accommodates students’ readiness, interests, and learning profiles by adjusting learning content, processes, and products. This research employed a quantitative descriptive method using a questionnaire consisting of 40 statements measuring teachers’ knowledge, attitudes, pedagogical competence, and classroom implementation practices. The findings indicate that teachers generally hold positive perceptions regarding the importance of differentiated learning in IPAS, as it is believed to enhance student participation, strengthen inquiry skills, and accommodate diverse learning styles. However, several challenges remain, including limited time for diagnostic assessment, insufficient training on differentiation strategies, lack of adaptive learning resources, and classroom management difficulties arising from heterogeneous student abilities. These findings highlight the need for continuous support from schools and government through professional mentoring, flexible teaching resources, and strengthened teacher collaboration. The study is expected to contribute to the development of policies and instructional practices that are more responsive to students’ learning needs in elementary schools.
Pengaruh Topografi dan Vegetasi terhadap Kecepatan Angin di Daerah Pegunungan Sukabumi: Studi Observasi Lapangan
This study aims to analyze the influence of topography and vegetation on wind speed in mountainous areas. Conducted in April 2026 in Cinunjang Village, Cijulang Village, Jampang Tengah District, Sukabumi Regency, the research employed a descriptive method with direct field observation. Data were collected from three locations: a footpath surrounded by trees, a rice field area, and a residential area, using a digital anemometer and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the highest wind speed was recorded in the rice field area (1.6 m/s), while the lowest was observed on the tree-covered footpath (0.8 m/s). The residential area recorded a wind speed of 1.5 m/s. These differences were influenced by topography, vegetation density, and land openness, which affect air circulation patterns. The findings enhance understanding of how environmental conditions influence wind speed distribution in mountainous regions and provide useful information for spatial planning, disaster risk mitigation, and environmentally responsive design.
The Application of the Quantum Teaching Model with a Deep Learning Approach to Improve Students’ Problem-Solving Skills in the Topic of Static Fluids
This study aims to analyze students’ problem-solving skills through the application of the Quantum Teaching model with a deep learning approach to static fluid. The research method used is a quantitative method with a between-group design, specifically a quasi-experimental research design. The type of quasi-experimental research design used in this study is a nonequivalent control group design, in which there are two classes used, namely a control class and an experimental class. The research instrument used is a problem-solving ability instrument developed based on Polya’s indicators, consisting of three items. The data analysis employed N-Gain scores and a t-test hypothesis test, which met the prerequisites of normality and homogeneity. The results indicate that the N-Gain scores in the experimental class were higher than those in the control class, with respective values of 0.71 and 0.42. These results were supported by the t-test hypothesis test, which showed an Asyimp sig (2-tailed) value—under the assumption of unequal variances—of <0.05. This indicates a significant difference in the improvement of problem-solving skills between students in the experimental and control classes. Thus, the Quantum Teaching model with a deep learning approach can serve as an alternative for enhancing problem-solving skills students, particularly in the area of static fluids.
Dekonstruksi dan Rekonstruksi Epistemologi Pendidikan Agama Islam di Era Globalisasi
The dominance of a transmissive-doctrinal paradigm in Islamic Religious Education has increasingly demonstrated its inadequacy in responding to contemporary pressures from digital disruption and value pluralism to religious extremism. This article aims to reconstruct the epistemological foundations of Islamic Education as a response to these structural challenges. Drawing on critical library-based analysis, the study examines classical and contemporary educational thought alongside recent empirical studies in Islamic pedagogy. Data were collected through systematic documentation of scholarly literature and analyzed using content analysis and critical discourse analysis. Sources were selected based on their relevance to epistemological critique and reconstructive frameworks within Islamic education. The study identifies three structural flaws in prevailing Islamic education epistemology: the colonial-era bifurcation of religious and general knowledge; the hegemony of text-centred transmission at the expense of contextual reasoning; and the absence of a transformative-emancipatory orientation. Against these deficiencies, the study advances a four-pillar reconstructive model grounded in (1) an integrative framework bridging naqliyyah and aqliyyah traditions, (2) maqasid al-syariah teleology foregrounding the protection of intellect and social harmony, (3) a Qur'anically-rooted critical pedagogy centred on tafakkur and tadabbur, and (4) values-based multicultural education anchored in rahmatan lil 'alamin. Empirical studies indicate that Islamic education models emphasising critical thinking demonstrate higher outcomes in student moral reasoning and civic engagement. Epistemological reconstruction is therefore a non-negotiable precondition for cultivating Muslim learners who are critically literate and spiritually resilient.
Evaluasi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Perspektif Kurikulum Merdeka
Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays a crucial role in shaping students who are faithful, pious, and have noble character. However, PAI learning evaluation practices still tend to be cognitively oriented through written tests and memorization of material, resulting in less than optimal measurement of affective and psychomotor aspects, as well as the internalization of Islamic values in students' lives. Furthermore, teachers' understanding of the evaluation concept in the Independent Curriculum, particularly holistic and authentic evaluation, remains suboptimal. This situation indicates a gap between the ideal goals of PAI learning and evaluation practices implemented in the field. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the concept and implementation of Islamic Religious Education learning evaluation from the perspective of the Independent Curriculum.. This research employs a qualitative approach with a library research design. The research data were obtained through the examination of books, scientific journals, articles, and various literature sources relevant to PAI learning evaluation and the Merdeka Curriculum. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis through the stages of data condensation, data presentation, and descriptive-analytical conclusion drawing. The research results show that the concept of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning evaluation within the Independent Curriculum perspective is implemented through diagnostic, formative, and summative assessments based on the principles of student-centeredness, sustainability, flexibility, holistic, and authenticity. Its implementation serves not only as an instrument for measuring learning outcomes but also as a means of internalizing Islamic values, developing Islamic character, and strengthening students' spirituality through the comprehensive integration of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. Thus, the evaluation of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning within the Independent Curriculum has a more comprehensive, humanistic, and contextual orientation in supporting the achievement of Islamic education goals.
Peran Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam Menunjang Kinerja Tutor di Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat (PKBM) Melati Kabupaten Enrekang
The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought significant changes to the education sector, including nonformal education. As a technology that can support learning planning, implementation, and evaluation, AI has the potential to enhance tutor performance and improve the quality of learning. This study aims to describe the forms of AI utilization in learning, analyze its impact on tutor performance, and identify the factors influencing its use at PKBM Melati, Enrekang Regency. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The research informants consisted of one manager and five tutors, while eight learners were involved as supporting respondents. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that AI is used by tutors to help prepare learning instruments, develop teaching materials, search for learning references, design evaluations, and support more systematic learning delivery. The use of AI improves tutors' work efficiency, streamlines learning administration, and enhances the quality of material delivery, making it more interactive and easier for learners to understand. The factors influencing AI utilization include the availability of technological facilities, institutional support, training activities, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness experienced by tutors. Therefore, the use of AI positively contributes to supporting tutor performance and improving the quality of learning at PKBM Melati, Enrekang Regency.
Pemeliharaan dan Inventarisasi Alat serta Bahan Laboratorium dalam Mendukung Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar
Maintenance of laboratory equipment and materials is a crucial activity in laboratory management, ensuring the smooth running of practicums, occupational safety, and the quality of learning and research outcomes. This study aims to examine the importance of maintaining laboratory equipment and materials, its implementation procedures, and the benefits it provides in supporting the effectiveness of laboratory activities. The research method used was library research with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were obtained through a review of various literature sources, including books, scientific journal articles, official documents, and regulations related to laboratory management. Data analysis techniques included collection, reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions from various relevant sources. The results indicate that laboratory equipment maintenance includes cleaning, storage, periodic inspections, calibration, and repair to maintain function and accuracy. Meanwhile, laboratory material maintenance includes labeling, storage according to material characteristics, monitoring expiration dates, and safe waste management. This study also indicates that proper maintenance plays a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of laboratory facilities, reducing the risk of equipment damage and workplace accidents, and supporting the success of practicums and research activities. Maintenance success is influenced by human resource competence, the availability of standard operating procedures (SOPs), an integrated inventory system, and adequate budget support. Therefore, implementing a planned and sustainable maintenance system is a crucial factor in creating a safe, effective, efficient, and high-quality laboratory.
Pengembangan Alat Percobaan dan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Berbasis STEM pada Materi Gelombang Bunyi (Kelintang Jolo)
This study aims to Develop experimental tools and STEM-based Student Worksheets (LKPD) on sound wave material using Arduino technology and Kelintang Jolo local wisdom for eleventh-grade high school students in Jambi Province. The 4D Development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate) was employed, limited to the Develop stage. Validation involved three validators using Aiken's V formula, while practicality was measured through student response questionnaires analyzed descriptively. Results showed content validity reaching V-Aiken 0.75 (Valid) and media validity 0.72 (Valid) at Stage II. Practicality testing on 30 students at SMA Negeri 8 Jambi City yielded a mean response score of 3.19 out of 4 (Good/Practical) with Cronbach's Alpha 0.86 (Reliable). The Kelintang Jolo context and Arduino technology integration successfully enhanced the relevance and appeal of sound wave learning material. The product is declared valid and practical as an innovative physics learning medium integrating local wisdom with 21st-century technology.
Analisis Spasial Kerawanan Banjir Bandang Berdasarkan Karakteristik Fisik Wilayah Menggunakan Pendekatan SIG di Pulau Bali
The combination of complex volcanic topography and local rainfall fluctuations places Bali in a position that is quite vulnerable to flash floods. Based on these conditions, this study attempts to map the level of regional vulnerability through an approach to its physical environmental characteristics using a Geographic Information System (GIS). The method used is descriptive quantitative, relying on a series of spatial analyses—starting from classification, weighting (scoring and weighting), to overlay techniques. Slope data from DEMNAS with a spatial resolution of 8 meters and annual rainfall data from BMKG are the two main parameters in this study. From the mapping results, the Bali region is divided into three levels of vulnerability: a low zone covering 170,249.34 ha (30.45%), a medium zone which dominates at 372,112.04 ha (66.55%), and a high zone covering 16,807.95 ha (4.66%). Interestingly, areas with high levels of vulnerability are concentrated in mountainous areas such as Bangli Regency, Karangasem, and parts of Tabanan. This is triggered by the intersection of steep slopes and high-intensity rainfall. Ultimately, these findings can provide a strong foundation for designing disaster mitigation strategies and risk-based spatial planning management on the island of Bali.
Penerapan Model Problem Besed Learning pada Mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlak di MTS Baiturrahman NW Pemepek
This study aims to describe the implementation of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in the Aqidah Akhlak subject at MTs Baiturrahman NW Pemepek and identify its effectiveness and the obstacles encountered. The background of the study stems from the low student activity due to the dominance of lecture and memorization methods. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with observation techniques and in-depth interviews with Aqidah Akhlak teachers. The results showed that the implementation of PBL was able to change the learning pattern to be more student-centered. Some students began to show enthusiasm in discussions, but many remained passive and relied on more active friends. The resulting project products were still simple and not optimal in terms of creativity. Teacher interviews revealed a slight improvement compared to conventional methods, but students were still shy to discuss. The main obstacles included teachers' limited mastery of PBL strategies, limited time, and uneven student readiness. Thus, the implementation of PBL has not had a significant impact on student activity, but it has great potential to increase motivation and critical thinking skills if supported by teacher training and student habituation.
Analisis Fungsi Laboratorium IPA, IPS, PPKn, Bahasa, dan Seni di Sekolah Dasar
The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in elementary schools encourages the use of a deep learning approach, which emphasizes students’ active participation in constructing knowledge through meaningful learning experiences. In this context, laboratories serve as one of the important learning facilities that support the achievement of such educational goals. This article aims to examine the various types of laboratories that can be utilized in elementary schools and to describe their functions and contributions to the implementation of deep learning. The study employed a library research method by reviewing relevant books, scientific articles, educational regulations, and other academic references. The collected data were analyzed descriptively to explain the role of each type of laboratory in the learning process. The findings reveal that elementary schools may utilize several types of laboratories, including science, social studies, civics, language, and arts laboratories. Each laboratory has its own specific function while complementing one another in fostering science process skills, critical thinking, social awareness, citizenship values, communication abilities, and creativity among students. Through laboratory-based activities, learners are provided with opportunities to gain direct, contextual, and meaningful experiences that enhance their understanding of concepts and support the goals of deep learning. Nevertheless, the effective implementation of laboratory activities remains constrained by several factors, including limited facilities, underutilization of available resources, and teachers’ capacity to manage laboratory-based learning. Therefore, greater efforts are needed to optimize the use of laboratories as an integral component of meaningful learning in elementary education.
Peran Transformasi PKBM terhadap Tingkat Literasi Sosial dan Ekonomi Masyarakat Putus Sekolah di Era Digital: Studi pada PKBM Melati Kabupaten Enrekang
The development of digital technology encourages non-formal educational institutions to transform learning to improve the community's ability to face social and economic changes. School dropouts are a group that requires strengthening social and economic literacy to be able to utilize technology productively. This study aims to analyze the transformation of the Melati Community Learning Center (PKBM) in Enrekang Regency in improving the social and economic literacy of school dropouts and identify supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study type conducted at the Melati Community Learning Center (PKBM) in Enrekang Regency in 2026. The research instrument was the researcher herself with data sources in the form of PKBM managers, tutors, and students through interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model through the stages of data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Data validity was tested through triangulation of sources and techniques. The results of the study indicate that digital transformation at the Melati Community Learning Center (PKBM) was carried out through the use of WhatsApp, Zoom, Google Forms, and YouTube in learning. This transformation improved students' social literacy as indicated by increased communication, active discussions, and digital interactions. In terms of economic literacy, students are beginning to utilize social media and marketplaces to promote products and engage in simple business activities. Research implications indicate that digital transformation of community-based learning (PKBM) can be a strategy for empowering dropouts, but strengthening digital facilities and competencies is necessary for optimal implementation.
Strategi Pemanfaatan Media Sosial sebagai Media Pembelajaran pada Program Kesetaraan Paket C di PKBM Melati
This study aims to explore and describe in-depth the form of social media utilization as a learning medium and its impact on the participation and learning motivation of learners in the Paket C Equivalency Program at PKBM Melati, Juppandang Village, Enrekang District. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type to uncover the subjects' experiences naturally. Data collection was carried out through technical triangulation, namely participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, involving PKBM managers, tutors, and learners selected through purposive sampling. The results showed that the use of social media, specifically the WhatsApp and YouTube platforms, has transformed into the main instruments in implementing distance learning based on a blended learning approach. WhatsApp functions as a mobile-based Learning Management System (LMS) to distribute teaching materials, manage task submissions, and facilitate asynchronous discussions. Meanwhile, YouTube is strategically used as a supporting visual reference to facilitate the independent learning styles of adult learners. The use of social media provides a highly significant positive contribution, namely offering time flexibility for learners who are predominantly active workers, encouraging a transformation towards independent learning (self-directed learning), and effectively overcoming geographical distance barriers for residents living in remote areas. The main obstacles found in the field include internet network instability due to the hilly topography, digital literacy gaps among adult learners, and the economic burden of data quota costs. However, these various obstacles were successfully mitigated through the tutors' adaptive and humanistic policies by providing flexible deadlines for task completion, as well as the innovative involvement of the learners' family members in assisting with the use of technology. In conclusion, the integration of social media has proven effective as an andragogical solution in maintaining the continuity of participation and preserving the motivation of Paket C Equivalency Program learners amidst constraints of space, time, and infrastructure.
Peran TIK dalam Meningkatkan Kreativitas Guru pada Proses Pembelajaran di SMA NW Mataram: A Case Study
This study aims to describe the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in enhancing teacher creativity in the learning process at SMA NW Mataram. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. The research was conducted at SMA NW Mataram during the second semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. The research participants consisted of teachers who actively utilized ICT in their teaching practices. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, which includes data collection, data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. Data validity was ensured through source triangulation, technique triangulation, member checking, and prolonged engagement. The findings indicate that ICT plays a significant role in enhancing teacher creativity in the learning process. Teachers utilize various digital media, such as laptops, the internet, PowerPoint presentations, instructional videos, and learning applications, to create more innovative, engaging, and interactive learning experiences. The use of ICT also helps increase students’ motivation and participation in learning activities. In addition, ICT serves as a source of knowledge through computer-based learning at school and as a tool for developing students’ interests and talents. However, the implementation of ICT still faces several challenges, including limited infrastructure and facilities, differences in technological proficiency among teachers, and insufficient training in technology utilization. Therefore, school support is needed through the provision of adequate facilities and the enhancement of teachers’ digital competencies to ensure the optimal integration of ICT in the learning process.
Peran Kegiatan Praktik Berbasis Eksperimen Demonstrasi dalam Proses Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar
Practical activities are an effective learning approach to supporting the development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes in elementary school students. This article aims to examine the role of practical activities in the form of experiments and demonstrations in the learning process in elementary schools through a literature review. Data were obtained from various sources, including books, scientific journals, research articles, and educational documents relevant to the research topic. The results of the study indicate that experimental and demonstration activities play a significant role in improving students' conceptual understanding, science process skills, critical thinking skills, learning motivation, and scientific attitudes. Experimental activities provide opportunities for students to discover concepts through direct experience, while demonstrations help students understand processes or concepts that are difficult to observe independently. Furthermore, both methods can create more active, engaging, and meaningful learning, in accordance with the developmental characteristics of elementary school students who are still at the concrete operational stage. Therefore, the implementation of practical activities in learning needs to be continuously developed as part of a student-centered learning strategy.
Implementasi Absensi Berbasis Digital untuk Meningkatkan Disiplin Siswa di SMPN 1 Praya Kabupaten Lombok Tengah
The development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has encouraged schools to improve their administrative systems, including student attendance management. This study aims to describe the implementation of a digital attendance system in enhancing student discipline at SMPN 1 Praya, Central Lombok Regency. The research employed a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation involving the principal, teachers, and students as research informants. The findings reveal that the barcode-based digital attendance system effectively improves student discipline, particularly in terms of punctuality, compliance with school regulations, and responsibility for participating in learning activities until completion. The system is implemented through arrival attendance before 07:15 AM (WITA) and departure attendance at 01:15 PM (WITA). Furthermore, the use of manual attendance as an additional verification mechanism enhances the accuracy and accountability of attendance records. Although several challenges remain, including network disruptions, system errors, and attempts at student misconduct, the school addresses these issues through direct supervision, disciplinary sanctions, and periodic evaluations. Therefore, the digital attendance system can be considered an effective innovation for improving student discipline and enhancing school attendance administration.
Silver Nanowire Transparent Conductive Film Prepared by Spin Coating: Correlating Network Morphology with Optical and Electrical Properties
In this study, silver nanowires (AgNWs) were synthesized through the polyol process and subsequently deposited onto glass substrates by a spin-coating technique to fabricate transparent conductive films. The morphology, optical properties, and electrical performance of the resulting films were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–Vis spectrophotometry, and sheet resistance measurements. SEM observations confirmed the successful formation of AgNWs with an average diameter of 332 nm and a length of 28 µm. After film deposition, the AgNWs formed a dense and interconnected network with average dimensions of 178 nm in diameter and 12 µm in length. Optical characterization revealed a transmittance of 86.6% at 550 nm, indicating high transparency in the visible region. Electrical measurements showed a low sheet resistance of 3.3 Ω/sq, indicating good electrical conductivity of the fabricated film. The observed combination of high transmittance and low sheet resistance is attributed to the interconnected AgNW network morphology, in which numerous nanowire junctions provide effective electron transport pathways while the open regions between neighboring nanowires allow efficient light transmission. This correlation between network morphology and the resulting optical and electrical properties suggests that the fabricated AgNW film possesses characteristics suitable for transparent conductive electrode applications.
Pengembangan Media Jam Bunga Matahari (Jambuhari) pada Materi Membaca dan Menentukan Arah Jarum Jam Kelas 2 SD
This study aims to develop a Sunflower Clock learning media for teaching second-grade elementary school students how to read and determine the direction of clock hands at SDN Timuk Gawah. The development of this learning media was motivated by the lack of student enthusiasm and participation in learning activities due to the limited availability of instructional media. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The study involved 20 second-grade students and one teacher, including 5 students in the small-group trial and 15 students along with one teacher in the large-group trial. Data were collected using questionnaires. The results of the study produced a valid and practical Sunflower Clock learning media. Based on the media expert validation, the learning media achieved a validity score of 80%, while the material expert validation yielded a score of 92.8%. Furthermore, the results of both small-group and large-group trials, involving teacher and student responses, indicated that the Sunflower Clock learning media falls into the practical category, with an average score of 88.4%.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pop-up Book Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Suku Sasambo terhadap Hasil Belajar IPAS Siswa Kelas IV di SDN 32 Cakranegara
This research is motivated by the low learning outcomes of students in science and the limited use of innovative and contextual learning media in elementary schools. In addition, the potential of SASAMBO local wisdom as a learning resource that can make learning more contextual and meaningful has not been optimally utilized in the learning process. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of Pop-up book media based on Sasambo local wisdom on the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students in Sdn 32 Cakranegara. This study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design and an unequal control group design. The research population is all 56 fourth-grade students in Sdn 32 Cakranegara, consisting of 28 students in each class: Class IV A as the experimental class and Class IV B as the control class. The sampling technique uses saturated sampling. The research instrument consists of pre-test and post-test questions, as well as an observation sheet for learning implementation. Data analysis using normality test, homogeneity test, independent sample t-test, and effect size test using SPSS version 25 for Windows. The results showed that the average pre-test score for the experimental class was 56.9 and increased to 94.4 in the post-test. Meanwhile, the control class obtained an average pre-test score of 54.4 and a post-test score of 79.0. The results of the independent sample t-test showed a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000 <0.05, so H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. This indicates a significant effect of the use of pop-up book media based on Sasambo local wisdom on the science learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at Sdn 32 Cakranegara. The calculation of the effect size using Cohen's D also showed a large category, which indicates that pop-up book media has a strong influence in improving student learning outcomes. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of pop-up book media based on Sasambo local wisdom is effective in improving the science learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at Sdn 32 Cakranegara.
Model Project Based Learning (PjBL) Berbantuan Media Game Biosentence Challenge untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Murid Kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 26 Makassar
This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 26 Makassar in the subject of biotechnology through the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model aided by the Biosentence Challenge game. This study is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in three cycles, each consisting of one session, covering the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The Biosentence Challenge game is a word-building game designed to form sentences relevant to biotechnology concepts. A practical activity involving the production of sweet potato tapai was integrated as a real-world project into the learning process. Data collection instruments included a pretest, formative tests at the end of each cycle, and a posttest following the third cycle. The research results showed a significant improvement in learning outcomes, marked by an increase in the average formative test score from 72.4 in Cycle I to 83.8 in Cycle II, and 98.3 in Cycle III. A comparison of the pretest (77.7) and posttest (93.35) scores revealed an increase of 15.65 points. The class N-gain analysis was 0.67 (moderate category) with 11 students in the high category, and the analysis by indicator showed the highest improvement in C3 (Applying) with an N-gain of 0.70 and C4 (Analyzing) with an N-gain of 0.71. The implementation of the game-assisted PjBL model proved capable of optimally improving students’ motivation, active engagement, and conceptual understanding of biotechnology material.
Identifikasi Potensi Akuifer Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Resistivitas Konfigurasi Wenner di Kelurahan Betungan, Kota Bengkulu
Groundwater is an important water resource for meeting community water demands. Information regarding subsurface characteristics and aquifer occurrence is essential for assessing groundwater potential in a given area. This study aims to identify subsurface layer characteristics and determine zones with potential as aquifers in Raflesia Asri Housing Estate, Betungan Village, Selebar District, Bengkulu City. The research employed the two-dimensional (2D) electrical resistivity method using the Wenner configuration. The measured data were processed using Res2DINV software to obtain a subsurface resistivity distribution model. The inversion results indicate resistivity values ranging from 1.52 Ωm to 317 Ωm, with an investigation depth of approximately 43 m. Low-resistivity zones (1.52–15.0 Ωm) are interpreted as clay and silt layers, whereas moderate-resistivity zones (15.0–69.0 Ωm) are interpreted as clayey sand to water-saturated sand, which are considered potential aquifer layers. High-resistivity zones (>69.0–317 Ωm) are interpreted as gravelly sand and weathered rock. The dominance of moderate-resistivity zones in the inverted resistivity sections indicates the presence of potential aquifers that may serve as groundwater resources in the study area.
Analisis Pelaksanaan Supervisi Akademik Kepala Sekolah di Sekolah Dasar
This study aims to analyze the implementation of academic supervision by elementary school principals in improving the quality of learning. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach and was conducted at SD 2 Rumak, West Lombok Regency, during the second semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. The research subjects consisted of the principal, classroom teachers, and subject teachers selected through purposive sampling based on their involvement in academic supervision activities. Data collection techniques included participant observation, structured interviews, and documentation, with data analysis using the Miles and Huberman model, which encompasses data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of academic supervision has proceeded systematically through the stages of planning, implementation, feedback, and follow-up. Planning is carried out in a participatory manner involving teachers, while supervision is conducted through direct classroom observation using clear assessment tools. Feedback is provided constructively and followed up with guidance and follow-up supervision. Academic supervision has a positive impact on improving the quality of learning, such as the use of more varied methods, more effective classroom management, and increased teacher-student interaction. The findings reveal that academic supervision contributes to improving teachers' instructional practices, particularly in the use of varied teaching methods, classroom management, and teacher–student interaction. Constructive feedback and systematic follow-up were also found to play an important role in improving learning quality. However, the implementation of supervision still faces challenges, such as time constraints, scheduling conflicts, and differences in teacher readiness. Therefore, strengthening the management of supervision is necessary to ensure it is more optimal and sustainable.
Analisis Korelasi antara Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah dan Miskonsepsi pada Materi Fluida Statis
Misconceptions in physics learning can hinder students conceptual understanding and affect their ability to solve problems effectively. Therefore, investigating the relationship between misconceptions and problem-solving ability is important to provide information for improving physics learning, particularly in static fluid concepts. This study aims to analyze the correlation between students’ problem-solving ability and misconceptions in static fluid material. The study employed a quantitative correlational design involving 31 students of class XI MIPA at a senior high school in Bandung. The sampling technique used was total sampling. Data were collected using a misconception test consisting of 10 two-tier multiple-choice questions and a problem-solving ability test consisting of 10 essay questions. Data analysis was conducted using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test and Spearman’s rho correlation test. The normality test results indicated that both misconception and problem-solving ability data were not normally distributed (p < 0.05). Therefore, the Spearman correlation test was employed. The results showed a correlation coefficient of 0.291 with a significance value of 0.090 (p > 0.05). These findings indicate that there is a positive but statistically insignificant correlation between misconceptions and problem-solving ability. The correlation level is categorized as weak. Therefore, misconceptions do not significantly affect students’ problem-solving ability in static fluid material.
Peran Transformasi Digital dalam Peningkatan Nilai Ekonomi Produk PKBM Rizki Amalia, Desa Buntu Sarong, Kecamatan Masalle
Digital transformation is a crucial need in the economic development of rural communities because it can expand market access, increase product competitiveness, and encourage business innovation based on local potential. However, the use of digital technology by coffee entrepreneurs in Buntu Sarong Village, Masalle District, is still not optimal, so the role of community empowerment institutions is needed to support the digitalization process. This study aims to describe the application of digital transformation in increasing the economic value of local coffee products, analyze the role of PKBM Rizki Amalia in supporting the process, and identify supporting and inhibiting factors that influence its success. This research is expected to provide benefits for the development of studies on non-formal education, community empowerment, and the digital economy based on local potential. The study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design conducted at PKBM Rizki Amalia Buntu Sarong Village, Masalle District, Enrekang Regency in 2026. The main research instrument is the researcher with supporting instruments in the form of interview guidelines, observation, and documentation. Data sources consist of primary and secondary data collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was tested through triangulation of sources, techniques, and time. The results of the study indicate that digital transformation through the use of social media, improved product packaging, and the use of production technology can expand marketing reach and increase the economic value of local coffee. Supporting factors include PKBM training, internet access, and community motivation, while inhibiting factors include limited digital literacy and technological facilities. The implications of this study indicate that PKBM plays a strategic role as an agent of community empowerment in encouraging sustainable digital transformation to improve the economic welfare of rural communities.
Pengaruh Status Sosial Ekonomi Keluarga dan Teman Sebaya terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Jurusan Manajemen Perkantoran SMK PGRI 2 Sidoarjo
This study will be examining the effect of family socio-economic status and peer group on students' learning achievement in the Office Management in SMK PGRI 2 Sidoarjo. This study utilized a quantitative method, adopting an associative research design. The study population was 221 students, but 142 respondents were chosen as samples by employing purposive sampling and Slovin formula with 5% error rate. The data collection instrument used was a structured questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale that was then analyzed through multiple linear regression, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination using IBM SPSS Statistics software. It is observed from the results that the family socio-economic status had a significant effect on students' learning achievement with a significance value of 0.000 and t-value of 4.656. The peer group also had a significant effect with a significance value of 0.000 and t-value of 7.154. Both the variables had a simultaneous significant effect on learning achievement with an F-value of 120.055 and significance value of 0.000. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.633 implied that the two variables contribute to 63.3% to the students' learning achievement. The findings contribute to efforts to improve vocational students’ academic achievement by providing empirical evidence for schools, teachers, and parents to strengthen family support and promote positive peer environments that encourage learning motivation and academic success.
Integrasi MATLAB dalam E-Modul Fisika Statistik Berbasis Heyzine Flipbook: Persepsi Mahasiswa terhadap Bahan Ajar Interaktif
Statistical physics is one of the courses that contains abstract concepts and complex mathematical representations, requiring teaching materials that can support students' conceptual understanding through visualization and simulation. This study aims to develop a statistical physics electronic module based on Heyzine Flipbook assisted by Matlab and to determine students' perceptions of its use on the topics of distribution functions and statistical interpretation of entropy. This study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D development model, which consists of the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The research subjects were 23 students of the Physics Education Study Program who had completed the statistical physics course. Data were collected through media expert validation sheets, material expert validation sheets, and student perception questionnaires. The results of media expert validation obtained a percentage of 85.53% in the very good category, while material expert validation obtained a percentage of 100% in the very good category. Student perceptions yielded an average score of 3.3 with a percentage of 84%, which was categorized as very good. The developed e-module integrates learning materials, graphical visualization, and Matlab-based simulations to support the presentation of statistical physics concepts. The findings show that the e-module is feasible for use as a digital teaching material and can support students in understanding the relationship between mathematical representations and the physical interpretation of statistical physics concepts. Therefore, the Heyzine Flipbook-based statistical physics e-module assisted by Matlab can be used as an alternative digital teaching material in statistical physics learning.
Hubungan Kecerdasan Naturalis dan Sikap Peduli Lingkungan terhadap Pemahaman Materi Ekosistem Siswa Kelas X di MAN 1 Makassar
This study aims to determine the relationship between naturalist intelligence and environmental awareness towards the understanding of ecosystem material of grade X students at MAN 1 Makassar. The study used a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The research sample was determined through a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a naturalist intelligence questionnaire, an environmental awareness attitude questionnaire, and an ecosystem material understanding test. Data analysis was carried out using correlation tests and multiple regression. The results of the study showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between naturalist intelligence and the understanding of ecosystem material, as well as between environmental awareness and the understanding of ecosystem material. In addition, simultaneously naturalist intelligence and environmental awareness attitudes also had a significant relationship towards students' understanding of ecosystem material. The conclusion of this study shows that increasing naturalist intelligence and environmental awareness attitudes contributed to improving the understanding of ecosystem material of grade X students.
Alih Fungsi Lahan Gambut dan Cadangan Karbon di Kabupaten Pulang Pisau: Tinjauan Literatur dalam Perspektif Ekoteologi Islam
Peatland ecosystems represent the largest terrestrial reservoirs of organic carbon and possess exceptionally high ecological and climatological value. However, they are also among the most vulnerable ecosystems to land-use conversion pressures. This literature study aims to comprehensively examine how peatland conversion—including oil palm plantation expansion, agriculture, settlements, and drainage canal development—contributes to the decline of carbon stocks in Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan, from the perspective of Islamic ecotheology. The study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with thematic analysis of 25 scientific literature sources covering aspects of peatland physical and chemical degradation, CO₂ emission dynamics, peat fires, hydrological function decline, and Islamic theological values related to environmental management. The findings indicate that extensive peatland conversion accelerates the decomposition of organic matter, releases substantial carbon reserves into the atmosphere, and increases the frequency of peatland fires. Case studies from the Kahayan–Sebangau Peat Hydrological Unit, Kanamit Barat Village, and Taruna Jaya Village provide strong evidence that drainage development exceeding the natural recovery capacity of peatlands leads to severe ecological degradation and ultimately transforms peatlands into net carbon emission sources. On the other hand, mitigation approaches such as peat hydrological restoration, revegetation with native species, rewetting programs, and community-based peatland management have proven effective in reducing the rate of degradation. From the perspective of Islamic ecotheology, peatland degradation contradicts the principles of khalifah fil ardh (stewardship of the Earth), amanah (trust), mizan (balance), and the prohibition of fasad fil ardh (environmental destruction). This literature review concludes that safeguarding peatland ecosystems in Pulang Pisau Regency requires strengthening cross-sectoral regulations, implementing continuous ecological monitoring, and integrating Islamic values as a moral foundation in all peatland management policies within the region.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Kartu Kata Bergambar terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Siswa Kelas I SDN 16 Mataram
This study was motivated by the low early reading ability of first-grade students at SDN 16 Mataram, where 56.25% of students were still limited to letter recognition and syllable reading due to the use of monotonous learning media. The purpose of the study was to measure the effect of picture word card media on early reading ability. A quantitative approach was used with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest design, involving all 17 first-grade students as a saturated sample. The instrument consisted of a performance test covering four indicators: letter recognition, syllables into words, words into simple sentences, and fluency and clarity of voice. Data were analyzed using Paired Sample T-Test via SPSS 27.0. The results showed an increase in the mean score from 40.93 (pretest) to 67.74 (posttest), with a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 < 0.05, thus H₀ was rejected and H₁ was accepted. It is concluded that there is a significant effect of using picture word card media on the early reading ability of first-grade students at SDN 16 Mataram.
Rekonstruksi Konsep Tazkiyatun Nafs Al-Ghazali dalam Bingkai Psikologi Positif: Studi Literasi Upaya Mitigasi Krisis Mental Siswa di Era Digital
The mental health crisis of students in the digital era is a pressing issue that cannot be approached solely through a secular clinical psychology approach. This study aims to reconstruct Al-Ghazali's concept of tazkiyatun nafs within the framework of positive psychology as an integrative conceptual framework for mitigating the mental crisis of students in the digital era. The method used is library research with a reconstructive-integrative design, through four analytical techniques: content analysis, comparative analysis, hermeneutic analysis, and conceptual synthesis. Primary sources include Al-Ghazali's works, especially Iḥyāʼ ʿulūm al-dīn, as well as the works of Martin E. P. Seligman as a representation of positive psychology. The results of the study show three main findings. First, Al-Ghazali's concept of tazkiyatun nafs, which encompasses four dimensions of the soul (qalb, rūh, nafs, aql) and three stages of purification (takhalli, taḥallī, tajallī), constitutes a comprehensive psychospiritual development system and corresponds to contemporary neuroscience findings. Second, there are substantial points of convergence between tazkiyatun nafs and Seligman's PERMA model: the takhalli stage corresponds to the Positive Emotions and Engagement elements; the taḥallī stage has a structural parallel with the Character Strengths classification in the VIA framework; and the tajallī stage goes beyond the Meaning element by adding a transcendent dimension. Third, this study formulates an Integrative Conceptual Framework of Tazkiyatun Nafs–Positive Psychology (TKPP) consisting of three layers: spiritual-value foundation, PERMA-based psychological operations, and practical-pedagogical that translates the stages of tazkiyatun nafs into structured educational intervention phases. The TKPP framework is both scientifically grounded and spiritually rooted, relevant as a basis for developing Islamic Religious Education (PAI) curricula, Islamic guidance and counseling, and national education policies in response to students' mental health crises in the digital era.
The Strategic Role of Laboratory Management in Improving Quality of Science Learning in Elementary Schools
Laboratory management is a fundamental component in the effective and quality implementation of science learning in elementary schools. This study aims to systematically examine the strategic role of laboratory management in improving the quality of science learning in elementary schools through a literature review approach. The method used is a systematic literature review of 35 scientific articles published between 2015 and 2024 from various reputable national and international journals. The results of the study indicate that good laboratory management encompasses four main dimensions: (1) management of laboratory facilities and infrastructure, (2) occupational health and safety management, (3) laboratory administration management, and (4) competency development of teachers and laboratory staff. These four dimensions have been proven to significantly contribute to improving the quality of science learning, as indicated by increased student learning motivation, scientific thinking skills, and learning outcomes. This study recommends the need for systematic policies from educational units and local governments in strengthening the governance of elementary school laboratories as a strategic effort to improve the quality of science education.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa: Literature Review
Critical thinking is an essential 21st-century skill in science and biology education. However, students’ critical thinking skills are often still relatively low due to learning processes that are less focused on investigation and active problem-solving. Inquiry learning has been widely implemented as an approach that encourages students to ac-tively construct knowledge and develop higher-order thinking skills. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the inquiry learning model on students’ critical thinking skills through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Articles were collected from Google Scholar using the Publish or Perish application, covering publications from 2022 to 2026. A total of 20 articles that met the inclusion cri-teria were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the inquiry learning model had a positive impact on students’ critical thinking skills at elementary, junior high, and senior high school levels. The most widely used form was guided inquiry, which effec-tively improved critical thinking through observation, investigation, experimentation, data analysis, and conclusion drawing. In addition, the model enhanced science process skills, collaboration, and student engagement in learning.
Efektivitas Standar Operasional Prosedur Laboratorium dalam Pembiasaan Perilaku Positif Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Character building from an early age represents a pivotal focus within primary education curricula. This study examines the efficacy of implementing school laboratory Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) as a structural stimulus to condition positive student behaviors, including discipline, accountability, hygiene, and integrity. Utilizing a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study design, this paper analyzes the transition of written SOP regulations into automated habits (habituation). This analysis is framed through the integration of Thomas Lickona’s character development framework and B.F. Skinner’s operant conditioning theory. The field results demonstrate that the consistent enforcement of laboratory regulations significantly reduces the frequency of student indiscipline. The primary determinants of successful internalisation include the assertiveness of teacher enforcement, the availability of representative facilities, teacher modeling, and cohesive monitoring collaboration between schools and parents. This study recommends restructuring conventional SOP formats into child-friendly visual media and integrating a system of positive reinforcement to cultivate intrinsic compliance among elementary school students.
Efektivitas Discovery Learning Terintegrasi Kearifan Lokal Genteng Karang Penang terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Materi Suhu dan Kalor
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Discovery Learning integrated with Karang Penang brick making local wisdom in improving junior high school students' critical thinking skills on temperature and heat topics. This pre-experimental study used a one group pretest posttest design involving 27 students. Data were collected through a validated critical thinking skills test, learning implementation observation sheets, and student response questionnaires, then analyzed using N-Gain and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests. The results showed that learning implementation was excellent (83,33%) and student responses were highly positive (89.72%). The improvement in students' critical thinking skills was in the medium category with an N-Gain score of 0.5602. This indicates that developing a Discovery Learning based instructional tool integrated with Karang Penang local wisdom provides a positive contribution to improving students' critical thinking skills. The Wilcoxon test indicated a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (p < 0.05). In conclusion, implementing Discovery Learning integrated with Karang Penang local wisdom effectively improves students' critical thinking skills.
Antara Ilmu dan Algoritma: Etika Kecerdasan Buatan dalam Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Maqāṣid Al-Sharī’ah
The penetration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Islamic educational systems necessitates an in-depth ethical inquiry. This article aims to analyze the ethical implications of AI use in Islamic education through the Maqāṣid Al-Sharī’ah framework as a comprehensive Islamic normative value system. Employing a qualitative-analytical approach based on library research, this article maps the potential and threats of AI against the five fundamental elements of maqāṣid. Findings indicate that while AI holds considerable promise in enhancing accessibility and personalized learning within madrasahs and Islamic boarding schools (pesantren), it simultaneously poses serious risks, including the erosion of theological authority, cognitive dependency, and digital inequity. To address these issues, this article contributes to the existing literature by establishing a novel, actionable ethical framework consisting of seven maqāṣid-based principles that bridge normative Islamic values with algorithmic practices. Practical implications in the form of policy recommendations for Islamic educational institutions, governments, and technology developers are also presented to ensure a balanced, maṣlaḥah-oriented AI governance in Islamic pedagogy.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran PIMCA untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Peserta Didik SMA pada Materi Kalor
Problem-solving skills are one of the most important skills for students to possess; however, their proficiency in this area remains low, necessitating a learning model that actively engages students and fosters a strong conceptual understanding. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the PIMCA learning model in improving problem-solving skills in heat-related material. A quantitative approach was used with a quasi-experimental design. The sample in this study was determined using convenience sampling, while data on problem-solving skills were collected through tests and analyzed using N-Gain, hypothesis testing in the form of an independent samples t-test, and effect size calculations. The analysis results show that the average N-Gain score for problem-solving skills among students in the experimental class was 0.59, which is higher than that of the control class, which was only 0.43. The results of the independent samples t-test yielded a significance value of < 0.001, indicating a significant difference in the improvement of problem-solving skills. Furthermore, the effect size calculation yielded a value of 1.4, which falls into the high category. Thus, the PIMCA model has a positive impact on students’ problem-solving skills regarding heat-related material. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the PIMCA model can serve as an alternative instructional model to enhance students’ problem-solving skills.
Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pengelolaan Kurikulum oleh Tenaga Pendidik di SMKN 1 Bandung Tulungagung
Principal leadership is a crucial factor determining educational success, but the phenomenon of authoritarian leadership cases indicates a gap between formal roles and effectiveness in the field, especially in relation to curriculum management. This study aims to examine in depth the leadership style of the Principal at SMK Negeri 1 Bandung Tulungagung and its implications for improving the curriculum management capabilities of educators. This study also aims to identify the leadership style and describe the curriculum management carried out by educators. This study adopted a qualitative approach with a focused case study type, where the researcher acted as the main instrument at the research site. Primary data sources involved the Principal, the Vice Principal for Curriculum, and educators. Data were collected using triangulation techniques (participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies) and analyzed interactively using the Miles and Huberman model. The results of the study confirm that leadership effectiveness lies in an adaptive and multifaceted approach that simultaneously integrates the roles of educator, leader, manager, motivator, administrator, innovator, and supervisor. The principal implemented instrument differentiation: transactional aspects (rewards and punishments) were directed at managing behavior and discipline directly tied to curriculum implementation, while transformational aspects (training/internships) were directed at improving technical competency. This success was supported by the supervisor's role through classroom visits that ensured the internalization of new knowledge into actual practice. This finding is significant because it offers a validated applied model for vocational school management, demonstrating that the effectiveness of curriculum management depends on the flexibility and comprehensiveness of the leader's managerial role.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah dengan Pendekatan Deep Learning untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah pada Materi Termodinamika
Problem-solving skills (PSS) are one of the key competencies students need to meet the demands of the 21st century; however, field observations indicate that students’ PSS remain low, particularly in thermodynamics. This study aims to improve students’ PSS through the application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model with a Deep Learning approach. The method used is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design, specifically a Non-Equivalent Control Group Design, involving 59 11th-grade science students at a public high school in Subang Regency, divided into an experimental class (PBL with Deep Learning) and a control class (PBL only). The instrument consisted of 22 PBL essay test questions based on five aspects according to Heller, namely focus on the problem, describe the physics, plan a solution, execute the plan, and evaluate the answer. The results showed that both classes experienced an increase in PBL skills, with an N-Gain of 0.47 for the experimental class and 0.35 for the control class (both in the moderate category). The Mann-Whitney U test showed an Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) < 0.001, indicating a significant difference between the two classes. These results prove that PBM with a Deep Learning approach is more effective in addressing students’ low KPM in thermodynamics material compared to PBM alone.
Implementasi Nilai Keislaman dalam Upaya Pembentukan Karakter Religius di Panti Asuhan Ridha Muhammadiyah Enrekang
This research is motivated by the importance of foster children's religious character formation through the application of Islamic values in the orphanage environment as a religious-based social educational institution. This study aims to determine the implementation of Islamic values, the role of caregivers, and their impact on the formation of religious character in foster children at the Ridha Muhammadiyah Enrekang Orphanage. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. The research was conducted at the Ridha Muhammadiyah Enrekang Orphanage with research subjects including managers, caregivers, foster children, and alumni of the orphanage. Research data were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model through the stages of data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The validity of the data was tested through triangulation of sources and techniques. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of Islamic values is carried out through habituation of worship, moral development, providing advice, and exemplary behavior of caregivers. This application has an impact on improving the discipline of worship, responsibility, independence, and social behavior of foster children. The implications of this research indicate that Islamic value-based parenting patterns can be an effective strategy in shaping the religious character of children in social welfare institutions.
Karakteristik Batuan Pra-Tersier dan Tersier Berdasarkan Metode Petrografi Studi Kasus pada Daerah Muaro Sijunjung, dan Sekitarnya, Kabupaten Sijunjung, Sumatera Barat
The Muaro Sijunjung area and its surroundings, Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatra, have complex geological conditions due to the influence of tectonic, magmatic, and sedimentary processes that have occurred from the Pre-Tertiary to the Tertiary periods. This study aims to identify the characteristics of Pre-Tertiary and Tertiary rocks based on petrographic analysis to understand their mineralogical composition, texture, and formation processes. The research method involved petrographic observation of thin sections using a polarizing microscope with parallel and crossed nicols. The analyzed samples were sourced from the Kuantan Formation (Pckl), Granite Intrusion (Tgr), Sawahtambang Formation (Tost), and Ombilin Formation (Tmo). Analysis results indicate that the Kuantan Formation consists of crystalline limestone classified as Dismicrite Mudstone, while the Granite Intrusion comprises Monzo-Granite and Syeno-Granite. The Sawahtambang Formation is dominated by non-carbonate sandstone classified as Sublitharenite Arkose, while the Ombilin Formation consists of carbonate sandstone and carbonate mudstone, classified as Lithic Wacke and Mudrock, respectively. The observed mineralogical and textural characteristics indicate the influence of diagenetic, sedimentary, magmatic, and alteration processes on each rock unit. The research results indicate that the geological evolution of the Muaro Sijunjung area is controlled by the interaction of sedimentary processes, magmatic intrusions, and tectonic activity that occurred from the Pre-Tertiary to the Tertiary periods.
Kit Robot Pendeteksi Gas Berbasis Project Based Learning: Analisis Kelayakan dan Persepsi Mahasiswa
Sensor and microcontroller materials in the Advanced Electronics course are essential for developing automation-based technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and robotics. However, learning in this course is often constrained by limited practical media, as instruction tends to be dominated by theory without adequate hands-on support, making it difficult for students to connect concepts with real-world applications. This study aims to analyze the feasibility and students' perceptions of a gas detection robot kit based on Project-Based Learning (PjBL) for sensor and microcontroller materials. The research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D model. The robot kit was developed using an Arduino Uno integrated with gas, ultrasonic, infrared, and Bluetooth sensors. Accompanying this, a learning module was structured following the PjBL syntax. Expert validation results indicated that the robot kit obtained feasibility scores of 100% and 96% from two validators, categorized as "Very Feasible." Meanwhile, the module's feasibility increased from 86% and 89% in stage I to 91% and 98% in stage II. Furthermore, a perception questionnaire distributed to 22 students yielded a positive response with a percentage of 83%, categorized as "Very Good." In conclusion, the gas detection robot kit and the PjBL-based module are highly feasible and well-received as learning media.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran RADEC (Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, Create) terhadap Hasil Belajar dan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa pada Materi Fluida Statis di Kelas XI SMA Negeri 5 Binjai
Study objectives included identifying the relationship between and improvements to students' problem-solving abilities and learning outcomes in static fluid material after using the Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, and Create (RADEC) learning model, and analyzing the model's effect on these two variables. Using a control group design with pre- and post-tests, this study was quasi-experimental. The research included all eight classes of students in Grade XI at SMA Negeri 5 Binjai. The research samples were divided into two groups according to the results of a basic random sampling procedure. Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, and Create (RADEC) was the learning methodology used in Class XI Science 1 while conventional learning was used in Class The experimental group's average pre- and post-test scores for learning outcomes were 45.91 and 79.70, respectively, whereas the control group's average scores were 44.85 and 62.42. Students' problem-solving abilities were averaged out in the experimental class at 78.06 on the posttest and 44.67 on the pretest, compared to 68.30 in the control class. Analyzes such as MANOVA, N-gain, and correlation tests were applied to the data. Results showed that when compared to traditional methods of instruction, the RADEC learning model significantly improved students' capacity to understand and solve problems. The experimental group also outperformed the control group in terms of the N-gain measures used to measure improvements in learning outcomes and problem-solving abilities. Students' problem-solving skills were positively correlated with their learning outcomes, according to the results of the correlation test.
Effects of Discovery Learning Assisted by WebGIS Media on Students’ Critical Thinking Skills
Critical thinking skills are one of the essential competencies needed by students to face the challenges of 21st-century learning, particularly in geography learning, which requires students to analyze, evaluate, and solve various geographical problems. However, the critical thinking skills of students at SMA Negeri 1 Natar are still relatively low, indicating the need for innovative learning models and media to support the learning process. This study aims to determine the influence of the Discovery Learning learning model and WebGIS media on the critical thinking ability of grade XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Natar. This study uses a quantitative approach with a 2×2 factorial quasi experimental design. The research sample consisted of 141 students who were divided into four treatment classes. The instrument used was a multiple-choice test to measure students' critical thinking skills. Data were analyzed using Two-Way ANOVA. The results showed that the Discovery Learning learning model had a significant effect on critical thinking skills with a significance value of 0.000 (<0.05). WebGIS media also had a significant effect with a significance value of 0.000 (<0.05). However, there was no interaction between the learning model and the learning media, with a significance value of 0.706 (>0.05). The R Square value of 0.323 indicates that the learning model and media together contribute 32.3% to students' critical thinking skills. Thus, Discovery Learning and WebGIS are separately effective in improving students' critical thinking skills in geography learning.
Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Suhu dan Kalor Berbasis Visual Programming dan Machine Learning dengan Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terstruktur untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Siswa Kelas VII
The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed various aspects of human life, including education. Educational institutions are expected not only to develop students’ academic competencies but also to prepare them to utilize technology effectively, critically, and responsibly in learning activities. Therefore, the integration of digital technology into science education has become increasingly important to support the development of students’ twenty-first-century skills.This study aimed to develop a temperature and heat learning module based on Visual Programming and Machine Learning with a Structured Inquiry learning model and to determine its validity, teachers’ and students’ perceptions, and students’ conceptual understanding after using the developed module. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D model. Data were collected through material and media expert validation sheets, teacher and student perception questionnaires, and conceptual understanding tests. The results showed that the module obtained a validity score of 95.19% from material experts and 92.50% from media experts, both categorized as highly valid. Teacher and student perception scores reached 88.37% and 81.99%, respectively, indicating very good perceptions of the developed module. Students’ conceptual understanding increased from an average pre-test score of 47.07 to 79.48 on the post-test, with an N-Gain score of 0.61 in the medium category. In addition, the achievement of conceptual understanding indicators was categorized as high and very high. These findings indicate that the developed module is highly valid, receives very good responses from teachers and students, and supports the improvement of students’ conceptual understanding of temperature and heat concepts.
The Application of Guided Inquiry with a Deep Learning Approach in Improve Students' Cognitive Abilities on Heat Material
The teaching of physics, specifically the topic of heat, is essentially aimed at facilitating a deep understanding of concepts and enhancing pupils’ higher-order cognitive skills. However, the results of a preliminary field study indicate that the learning process is still hampered by the presentation of abstract concepts, meaning that pupils tend to simply memorise formulas without meaningful understanding. This study aims to analyze students’ cognitive abilities through the application of a guided inquiry learning model with a deep learning approach to the topic of heat. The research method used was a quantitative method with a between-group design, specifically a quasi-experimental research design. The specific research design employed was a pretest-posttest design with a non-equivalent control group. The research instrument used was a cognitive ability test consisting of thirteen items. Data analysis utilized the N-Gain score and the Mann-Whitney U test, which met the prerequisites of normality and homogeneity. The results showed that the N-Gain scores in the experimental class were higher than those in the control class, with values of 0.67 and 0.57, respectively. These results were supported by the Mann-Whitney U test, which yielded an Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.029 under the assumption of unequal variances (0.029 < 0.05). This indicates a significant difference in the improvement of students’ cognitive abilities between the experimental and control classes. Therefore, the guided inquiry learning model with a deep learning approach can serve as an alternative solution for enhancing students’ cognitive abilities.
Keefektifan Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) terhadap Kreativitas Siswa pada Pelajaran SBdP Kelas V SDN 3 Mamben Lauk
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model on students' creativity in Arts, Culture, and Crafts (SBdP) learning for fifth-grade students at SDN 3 Mamben Lauk. Creativity is an important ability that needs to be developed through learning activities that encourage students to express ideas and create meaningful works. The application of innovative learning models is needed to create an active, creative, and student-centered learning process. This research used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using a nonequivalent control group design. The research subjects consisted of two classes, namely the experimental class and the control class, each consisting of 25 students. Data collection techniques were carried out through performance tests, observations, and documentation. The research instruments were validated through expert judgment and declared feasible for use. The data analysis was conducted using normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis tests. The results showed that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous. The hypothesis test results showed a significance value of p < 0.05, indicating that H₀ was rejected and Hₐ was accepted. This means there was a significant difference between the experimental class and the control class. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model is effective in improving students' creativity in SBdP learning for fifth-grade students at SDN 3 Mamben Lauk.
Development Model of Gamal (Gliricidia sepium) Biomass-Based Agroindustry as a Renewable Energy Source within Sustainable Agroforestry Systems
Biomass-based renewable energy development is a strategic solution to address the energy crisis and environmental degradation. The gamal plant (Gliricidia sepium) has high potential as a biomass source due to its rapid growth, adaptability to marginal land, and role in increasing soil fertility in agroforestry systems. This study aims to formulate a model for developing a gamal biomass-based agroindustry as a renewable energy source within a sustainable agroforestry framework. The method used is a literature study with a critical analysis and synthesis approach to various relevant studies. The results of the study indicate that gamal biomass has high energy conversion potential through technologies such as biopellets and biogas that are efficient and applicable. This is evident from the analysis of the review results conducted on 15 articles that have gone through a screening process to be used as scientific literature material in this study. Integration of gamal biomass into agro-industrial systems can create economic added value, improve local energy security, and support environmental sustainability by reducing carbon emissions. The novelty of this study lies in the development of a conceptual model that integrates biomass production, energy conversion technology, and sustainability dimensions in a single agroforestry-based agro-industrial system. These findings provide a strategic contribution to the development of locally resource-based renewable energy and strengthening the rural economy.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Berbasis STEM Menggunakan Miniatur Perahu Jambi Berbantuan Arduino pada Materi Usaha dan Energi
This study aimed to develop a STEM-based Student Worksheet (LKPD) using a miniature Jambi boat assisted by Arduino on the topic of work and energy and to determine its feasibility for use in physics learning. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the 4D development model proposed by Thiagarajan, consisting of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. However, the study was limited to the Develop stage. The product was validated by two material experts, two media experts, and one science teacher, while student responses were obtained through a limited trial involving students of SMP Negeri 11 Muaro Jambi. Data were collected using interview guides, validation sheets, teacher assessment sheets, and student response questionnaires. The data were analyzed descriptively using percentage-based feasibility criteria. The results showed that the average validation score from material experts increased from 93.75% in the first stage to 95.00% in the second stage. The average validation score from media experts increased from 86.65% to 94.15%. The teacher assessment obtained a score of 93.30%, while student responses reached 84.75%. These results indicate that the developed LKPD meets the criteria of being highly feasible for use in learning activities. The integration of STEM components through Arduino-assisted miniature Jambi boats provides contextual and meaningful learning experiences that help students understand work and energy concepts more effectively. Therefore, the developed LKPD is considered valid and suitable as a supporting teaching material in junior high school physics learning.
Manajemen Risiko Laboratorium dalam Meningkatkan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3): Sebuah Studi Literatur
Laboratory risk management is a systematic approach aimed at identifying, analyzing, evaluating, and controlling various potential hazards that arise in laboratory activities. The laboratory environment poses a high level of risk because it involves the use of hazardous chemicals, biological agents, sharp equipment, and electrical installations that have the potential to cause workplace accidents. This study aims to examine the concepts and implementation of laboratory risk management to improve occupational safety and health (OSH). The method used is a literature review analyzing various scientific sources, journals, and relevant laboratory safety guidelines from the past five years. The results of the study indicate that risks in laboratories can be minimized through the implementation of effective risk management, including risk identification, hazard level assessment, and control measures via standard operating procedures (SOPs), the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and workplace safety training. In addition, a safety culture and organizational commitment are critical factors in the successful implementation of risk management. Thus, the implementation of optimal risk management can create a laboratory environment that is safe, efficient, and productive.
Pengaruh Media Playdough terhadap Kemampuan Motorik Halus Anak
Fine motor skills are important skills that need to be developed in early childhood because they are related to the coordination of small muscles, especially finger movements and eye-hand coordination that support children's readiness in learning activities. However, children's fine motor skills are still not optimally developed so that interesting and fun learning media are needed. This study aims to determine the effect of Playdough media on the fine motor skills of early childhood. This study uses a quantitative approach with an experimental research type using a Static Group Comparison design. The population of this study was all group A children at Pembina Sukamulia State Kindergarten. The sample determination used a saturated sampling technique consisting of an experimental group and a comparison group. The research instrument used an observation sheet that had met the validity and reliability tests. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistics and the Independent Sample T Test. The results showed a t value of 24.099 with a significance value of < 0.001. Thus, it can be concluded that Playdough media has an effect on children's fine motor skills.
Analisis Strategi dan Kendala Guru Biologi Alumni Program Pendidikan Guru Penggerak dalam Implementasi Project-Based Learning (PjBL) di SMA Negeri Kota Jambi
This study aims to analyze the strategies and constraints faced by Biology teachers who are alumni of the Leading Teacher Education Program in implementing Project-Based Learning (PjBL) in Biology learning at Senior High Schools in Jambi City. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design. The main informants consisted of two Biology teachers who are alumni of the Leading Teacher Education Program at Senior High Schools 7 and 8 in Jambi City. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, learning observations, and documentation studies, then analyzed thematically using NVivo 12 Pro. The results showed that the PjBL implementation strategy includes project planning, project management and implementation, learning evaluation and reporting, and experience-based strategies of the Leading Teacher Education Program. The constraints found include student characteristics, school infrastructure and regulations, preparation time, implementation time, conceptual understanding, material suitability and changes in learning patterns, and learning evaluation. The implementation of PjBL is carried out in a planned, adaptive, and student-centered manner, but still requires support for student readiness, facilities, time, material selection, and more systematic evaluation. Future studies are recommended to examine the effectiveness of Project-Based Learning in improving students' learning outcomes, critical thinking skills, and STEM competencies in Biology learning.
Integration of Socio-Ecological Systems in Urban Forest Agroecosystem Management for Sustainable Tourism
Urban agroecosystem management faces pressures from urbanization, environmental degradation, and weak integration policies, resulting in a decline in the quality of ecosystem services. Sectoral approaches have not been able to systematically integrate ecological and social dimensions. This study aims to formulate a conceptual model for urban agroecosystem management based on the Socio-Ecological Systems (SES) framework as an integrative approach to sustainability. The method used is a systematic literature review of international publications in the last five years related to ecosystem services, green infrastructure, peri-urban agroecology, and collaborative governance. A total of 100 scientific articles were obtained through the search process, and after going through the screening process, a total of 15 articles were obtained as the main material for the scientific literature process in this study. The analysis shows that vegetation and biodiversity are ecological ecosystems that produce regulatory, provisioning, and cultural ecosystem services. These benefits contribute to improving environmental quality and community well-being. Adaptive governance, community participation, and ecosystem-based integration policies significantly influence the ecosystem system, creating positive feedback mechanisms. The developed conceptual model emphasizes the interconnectedness of biophysical and social components in building resilient and sustainable urban agroecosystems. This study proposes a new conceptual model based on socio-ecological systems that integrates biophysical, social, and tourism dimensions in urban forest agroecosystems by placing tourism experience as the main mediating variable in shaping the desire feedback mechanism.
Multiply Fun: Media Game Digital Berbasis Roblox Studio untuk Pembelajaran Perkalian di Kelas V
The rapid development of digital technology has created a need for innovative learning media that can optimize elementary school students' participation and understanding, particularly in mathematics education. However, the teaching of multiplication properties is still predominantly carried out using conventional methods, which tend to be less engaging and contribute to students' low learning interest. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the feasibility of an interactive digital game-based learning media using Roblox Studio for teaching the properties of multiplication. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, consisting of the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. Data were collected through expert validation questionnaires covering media, content, and language aspects, as well as response questionnaires completed by teachers and students. The findings revealed that the developed learning media achieved a very high level of feasibility and received positive responses from both teachers and students. Therefore, the Roblox Studio-based learning media is considered suitable as an alternative interactive and engaging medium for mathematics learning in elementary schools.
Climate Change Implications for Indonesian Agriculture: A Systematic Literature Review
Climate change is becoming an increasing threat to the food security of Indonesia, as it affects agricultural systems, changes the rainfall, raises sea levels, and intensifies extreme weather events. Conducted in the PRISMA protocol, this Review synthesizes the empirical evidence provided by 32 peer-reviewed articles, screened out of a preliminary set of 320 articles, published in 2020-25 in Google Scholar, Sinta, and ScienceDirect and in DOAJ. It is demonstrated that even a 1-2degC rise in temperature can lead to a 25 percent drop in national output of rice, salt intrusion along the coastlines can lower it by approximately 30 percent. Even though farmers have been engaging in different local adaptation responses such as reworking the planting calendars, they are usually stifled by lack of access to climate information, financial support, and technology. Among the mitigation alternatives, the Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) technique, 4R nutrient management, and peatland rehabilitation can be singled out as one of the most promising solutions to this issue as they allow mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing the agroecosystem resilience at the same time. This review suggests the incorporation of holistic adaptation and mitigation policies in national policies, institutional capacity building, and faster breeding and spreading of stress-resistant Plant varieties that can endure climatic change.
Literasi Statistik pada Pembelajaran Siswa SMP melalui Model Quantum Synesthetic Learning Berbasis Media Digital Terapan dalam Prespektif Kecerdasan Majemuk
Differences in how students interpret statistical information indicate that successful statistical literacy is determined not only by conceptual understanding but also by the characteristics of the intelligences they employ when interacting with data. This issue is particularly relevant in Quantum Synesthetic Learning supported by digital media, where data serve as the central focus of learning activities through multiple forms of representation. This study aimed to describe junior high school students' statistical literacy from the perspectives of logical-mathematical, visual-spatial, and interpersonal intelligences. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed involving 30 seventh-grade students from MTs Putra Putri Simo. Data were collected through a multiple intelligences questionnaire, a statistical literacy test, and semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed that students with logical-mathematical intelligence achieved a very high level of statistical literacy, characterized by systematic numerical reasoning in making decisions. Students with visual-spatial intelligence attained a high level by relying on pattern recognition and graphical representations, whereas students with interpersonal intelligence also demonstrated a high level by examining relationships among pieces of information before drawing conclusions. These findings suggest that different types of intelligence shape distinct pathways of statistical literacy, even when students participate in the same learning environment.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Berbantuan LKPD Interaktif terhadap Hasil Belajar IPAS Siswa Kelas III SDN 15 Cakranegara
The understanding of science material of third grade students of SDN 15 Cakranegara is still low because learning tends to be passive, teacher-centered, and the use of LKPD is limited to printed form. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by interactive LKPD on the science learning outcomes of third grade students of SDN 15 Cakranegara. The study used a quantitative approach with a Quasi Experimental design of the Nonequivalent Control Group Design type. The research sample was all third grade students, with class III A as the experimental group and class III B as the control group. Data were collected through learning outcome tests and observations, then analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality prerequisite test and Levene's homogeneity test, as well as hypothesis testing with the Independent Sample t-test. The results of the study obtained from the hypothesis test are sig. (2-tailed) <0.05, namely 0.000 <0.05 and the tvalue of 6.036> ttabel 2.004, so Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. These findings confirm that the implementation of PBL assisted by interactive worksheets has an impact on students' science learning outcomes. The effect size test yielded a Cohen's d value of 1.59, categorized as a large effect, proving that the influence is strong and practically meaningful.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah PBL dengan Pendekatan Deep Learning terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila Materi Norma Peserta Didik Kelas IV SD Negeri 007 Samarinda Ilir
Critical thinking is one of the essential competencies that students need to compete in the global era. One effective way to develop this competency is by implementing an appropriate learning model integrated with a relevant instructional approach. This study aimed to examine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by the Deep Learning approach on the critical thinking skills of fourth-grade students in learning norms within the Pancasila Education subject at SD Negeri 007 Samarinda Ilir during the 2025/2026 academic year. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design. The research participants consisted of an experimental class that received instruction through the Problem-Based Learning model integrated with the Deep Learning approach and a control class that received conventional instruction. The research instrument was a validated critical thinking skills test. The findings revealed a significant effect of implementing the Problem-Based Learning model with the Deep Learning approach on students' critical thinking skills. This was supported by the hypothesis testing result, which showed a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating that the null hypothesis (H₀) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H₁) was accepted. Furthermore, the experimental class achieved a higher mean score than the control class, demonstrating that problem-based learning supported by the Deep Learning approach creates active and meaningful learning experiences while encouraging students to think more critically in understanding the concept of norms. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Problem-Based Learning model integrated with the Deep Learning approach has a positive effect on students' critical thinking skills in Pancasila Education. This learning model is recommended as an alternative instructional strategy to enhance students' active engagement and promote deeper conceptual understanding.
Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Wordwall terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas IV SDN 26 Cakranegara
Research on the impact of the Problem-Based Learning model supported by Wordwall media on the mathematics learning outcomes of elementary school students remains limited. Low mathematics learning outcomes and suboptimal student engagement during the learning process indicate a need for an innovative learning model supported by engaging media. This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning model supported by Wordwall media on the mathematics learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at SDN 26 Cakranegara. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design—specifically, a non-equivalent control group design. The sample consisted of 55 students: 28 students in class IV-B (experimental group) and 27 students in class IV-A (control group). Data collection techniques included tests and observations. The data underwent prerequisite testing, comprising normality and homogeneity tests. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test for hypothesis testing and an effect size test. The results showed that the average post-test score of the experimental group (83.93) was higher than that of the control group (65.63). Hypothesis testing revealed a Sig. (2-tailed) value of < 0.001, indicating a significant difference in mathematics learning outcomes between the experimental and control groups. The effect size analysis using Cohen's d yielded a value of 1.93, falling into the category of a very high effect. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the Problem-Based Learning model supported by Wordwall media has a significant effect on the mathematics learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at SDN 26 Cakranegara.
Pengembangan Media Permainan Ular Tangga Raksasa Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila Materi Kerja Sama Di Lingkunganku Untuk Siswa Kelas IV SDN 36 Cakranegara
The learning media used in Pancasila Education at SD Negeri 36 Cakranegara is still limited to images available in student textbooks. These images serve only as visual aids and have not been designed to actively engage students in the learning process. In addition, limited facilities, such as LCD projectors, printers, and internet access, have hindered the optimal use of more diverse learning media. This study aimed to develop a giant snakes and ladders game as a learning medium for the topic Cooperation in My Environment in Pancasila Education for fourth-grade elementary school students, as well as to determine its validity and practicality. This research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE development model. Data were collected through interviews, observations, questionnaires, and documentation. The data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative techniques. The result of this study was a giant snakes and ladders game designed as a learning medium for fourth-grade students in Pancasila Education. Validation results showed that the media was categorized as highly valid, with a score of 98% from the media expert and 90% from the material expert. The practicality test based on teacher responses obtained a score of 92% in the small-group trial and 96% in the large-group trial, both categorized as highly practical. Meanwhile, student responses showed practicality scores of 93.1% in the small-group trial and 93.2% in the large-group trial, which were also categorized as highly practical. Therefore, the giant snakes and ladders game is considered valid and practical for use in teaching the topic Cooperation in My Environment in Pancasila Education for fourth-grade elementary school students.
Eksplorasi Strategi Guru PAUD dalam Menghadapi Tuntutan Calistung dari Orang Tua: Studi Kasus di TK Islam Bina Taqwa
This research was motivated by parental demands for early childhood literacy and numeracy learning before entering elementary school. This study aims to determine the strategies of early childhood education teachers in dealing with parental demands for literacy and numeracy and their impact on the development of children's literacy and numeracy skills at Bina Taqwa Islamic Kindergarten. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study research type. The research subjects consisted of class teachers, principals, and parents. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation, analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that teachers implemented various strategies, namely communication and education with parents, integration of literacy and numeracy learning through play activities, the application of the ATIK learning model, routine activities, literacy and numeracy environments, and collaboration between teachers and institutions. These strategies have an impact on the development of children's literacy and numeracy skills as demonstrated by the ability to recognize letters and numbers, simple number sequences, increased vocabulary through storytelling activities, starting to read simple words, and increasing children's interest and motivation to learn. However, several obstacles were still found, such as differences in children's abilities, parental involvement, and the risk of academic stress if the learning provided is not appropriate to the child's developmental stage. Therefore, learning to read, write, and count for early childhood needs to be done in stages, in a fun way, and in accordance with PAUD principles.
Kajian Teknis Umur Pakai Mata Bor Menggunakan Metode Galle and Woods pada Batuan Sedimen
The operational efficiency of coal drilling at Pit Bendili, PT Kaltim Prima Coal, is directly influenced by drill bit life. This study aims to evaluate technical drilling parameters to achieve a target bit lifespan of 10.800 m using the Galle and Woods theoretical method. Evaluated parameters include Weight on Bit (WOB) and Rotational Speed (RPM) from a Sandvik D55SP drill rig (unit D162) operating in soft to very soft formations with Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) values ranging from 14,14 MPa to 17,73 MPa. The Galle and Woods method mathematically models tooth and bearing wear rates to predict optimum bit replacement intervals. Results indicate that mitigating bit balling while achieving the cumulative 10.800 m target requires maintaining the pipe rotation speed constant at its maximum limit of 187 RPM and optimizing WOB within safe Sandvik operational thresholds. This parameter combination maximizes the penetration rate while minimizing premature component failure.
Pengaruh Model Game Based Learning Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Siswa Materi Sistem Pernapasan Manusia Pada Siswa Kelas V
The background of this research is the low level of conceptual understanding among fifth-grade students, which is attributed to the limited use of learning models that facilitate active student engagement in the learning process. This study aimed to examine the effect of the Game Based Learning model on fifth-grade students’ conceptual understanding of the human respiratory system. The research employed a quasi-experimental method using a nonequivalent control group design. The participants consisted of fifth-grade elementary school students, with 30 students in the experimental class and 30 students in the control class. Data were collected through observation and testing. The results indicated that the Game-Based Learning model was effective in improving students’ conceptual understanding of the human respiratory system, as evidenced by the higher mean score of the experimental class compared to that of the control class. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Game Based Learning model is more effective than conventional learning methods and can serve as an alternative approach to enhancing fifth-grade students’ conceptual understanding. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that Game-Based Learning helps students improve their understanding of the human respiratory system through direct interaction and active participation in learning activities.
Inovasi Perangkat Pembelajaran Berbasis TPACK pada Pembelajaran IPAS di MIM 18 Sumberrejo
Science learning requires innovative learning tools that utilize technology to enhance students' critical thinking skills. However, the use of learning tools in schools remains ineffective, resulting in low critical thinking skills. This research aims to develop learning tools based on Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). This study used the Research and Development (R&D) method with the 4-D model (Four-D): define, design, develop, and disseminate. The research design used a control group pretest posttest. The research subjects were 21 students of class IVA as the control class and 24 students of class IVB as the experimental class at MI Muhammadiyah 18 Sumberrejo Bojonegoro. Data analysis techniques used validity, normality, homogeneity, T-test, and N-Gain Score tests. The results of the study indicate that the TPACK-based learning device is valid, practical, and effective. This is evidenced by the T-test results of 0.000 < 0.05 and the N-Gain Score results of the experimental class of 77.98% in the high category, while the control class was 50.47% in the medium category. It is concluded that the TPACK-based learning device can improve students' critical thinking skills in science learning.
Efektivitas Komik Digital dalam Meningkatkan Kesadaran Dampak Bullying Siswa Tingkat Sekolah Dasar
Many incidents that should not occur in schools continue to take place, ranging from teasing classmates, clapping mockingly, calling friends by their parents' names, excluding certain students during group formation, not inviting them to play or go to the canteen together, to social exclusion, provocation, intimidation, bullying, and even refusing to sit at the same table with the victim. Along with technological advancements, comics have evolved from printed books into digital formats. One educational innovation that can be utilized is digital comics as a learning medium. Digital comics combine educational text and images to provide visual simulations that engage students in the learning process. This study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method, which is used to develop a particular product and evaluate its effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to determine whether digital comics could help students better understand complex concepts related to the impact of bullying on self-esteem, as well as to assess the effectiveness of digital comics as a learning medium. This was reflected in students’ positive responses to the use of digital comics in learning activities. The findings also indicated that the use of digital comics improved students’ information retention. Through the visual and narrative experiences presented in the comics, students were able to remember information more easily. This helped them better understand and internalize concepts related to bullying and self-esteem.
Dampak Dukungan Keluarga terhadap Keberhasilan PKBM dalam Menurunkan Angka Putus Sekolah di Kabupaten Enrekang
The high school dropout rate remains a challenge in educational development in Indonesia, including in Enrekang Regency. In this context, Community Learning Centers (PKBM) serve as an alternative education for those unable to complete formal education. This study aims to analyze the impact of family support on the success of PKBM in reducing the dropout rate at PKBM Melati, Enrekang Regency. The study used a qualitative approach with a case study type. Research informants consisted of PKBM managers, tutors, learners, and families of learners who were selected purposively. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed using the interactive analysis model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana. The results showed that family support is a crucial factor in supporting learners' success in participating in the equivalency education program. The forms of support found included emotional support, instrumental support, and social support, with emotional support being the most dominant form. This support contributes to increased learning motivation, participation in learning activities, and the sustainability of learners' education. This study also found that family economic constraints, low parental education levels, and stigma against non-formal education are the main obstacles to optimizing family support. The research findings confirm that the success of PKBM in reducing the risk of dropping out of school is not only determined by the quality of the educational program, but also by the involvement of the family as the closest social environment of the learners.
Pengembangan E-Book Cibubaba (Cinta Budaya Bangkalan Bersama) Berbasis Flipped Classroom Materi Warisan Budaya Mata Pelajaran IPAS Muatan IPS Kelas V UPTD SDN Pamorah
Issues identified at UPTD SDN Pamorah Bangkalan include students' limited understanding of local culture, a scarcity of contextual teaching materials for the IPAS (Natural and Social Sciences) subject, and minimal use of digital technology in instruction. These conditions highlight the need to develop innovative teaching materials that integrate local wisdom with a technology-based learning approach. This study aimed to examine the validity, effectiveness, and attractiveness of the Cibubaba (Cinta Budaya Bangkalan Bersama) E-book, which was developed using a flipped classroom approach for cultural heritage topics in Grade V Social Studies content within the IPAS subject. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method based on the 4D model, consisting of the stages of define, design, develop, and disseminate. The participants included three expert validators, one fifth-grade teacher, and 37 students. Data were gathered through interviews, observations, questionnaires, tests, and documentation. The findings revealed that: (1) the validity assessment of the Cibubaba. E-book resulted in scores of 90% from the teaching material expert, 88% from the instructional design expert, and 93.3% from the subject matter expert, indicating a highly valid category; (2) the effectiveness of the E-book was reflected in teacher activity and student activity scores of 100% and 98%, respectively, while classical learning mastery exceeded the 85% criterion; and (3) the attractiveness aspect achieved scores of 90% based on teacher responses and 90.16% based on student responses, both categorized as highly attractive. Therefore, the flipped classroom-based Cibubaba E-book can be considered valid, effective, and appealing for implementation in elementary school learning activities.
Pengembangan Media Science App Berbantuan Smart Apps Creator untuk Mendukung Atensi Siswa pada Pembelajaran IPAS di Sekolah Dasar
The use of technology in the learning process at elementary schools still faces several issues, such as the suboptimal use of digital media, limited variety of technology-based learning media, and the continued dominance of conventional teaching methods. This study aims to develop and validate the Science App learning media assisted by a smart apps creator in fostering student attention in science learning. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model, which includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages, but is limited to the development stage. Research instruments include validation sheets from material experts, media experts, and language experts. Validation results carried out by two experts showed that the media received an average score of 3.91 (material expert), an average score of 3.79 (media expert), and an average score of 3.72 (language expert). The assessment covers several aspects, namely the suitability of the material, the ease of using the media, and the clarity of the language used. The results show that the developed media has met the criteria of being very valid and feasible to use in the learning process.
Keterampilan Menulis Teks Narasi Siswa Kelas V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurussalam Kembang Sri Tetebatu Sikur Lombok Timur
Narrative text writing skills represent essential language competencies that primary school students must possess. However, observations conducted at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurussalam Kembang Sri revealed that a portion of students still encounter difficulties in developing ideas, structuring story plots, and utilizing capital letters and punctuation in accordance with Indonesian language conventions. This study aims to describe the narrative text writing skills of fifth-grade students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurussalam Kembang Sri and to identify the factors influencing these skills. This study employed a mixed-methods approach with a sequential explanatory design. The research subjects consisted of 16 fifth-grade students and their homeroom teacher. Data were collected through narrative text writing tests, interviews, and documentation. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The results demonstrated that the students' narrative text writing skills fell into the moderate category, with an average score of 55.8. The aspects of idea development (68.75%) and story plot (65.63%) were classified in the good category, whereas other aspects were in the moderate category. The lowest percentages were found in the use of capital letters (45.31%) and punctuation (43.75%). Factors influencing writing skills include internal factors, such as low learning motivation, reading interest, self-confidence, and a tendency to fatigue easily while writing, as well as external factors, including excessive gadget use and a lack of consistent writing habits. Consequently, students' narrative text writing skills still require improvement through enhanced motivation, reading interest, and more intensive writing instruction.
Tradisi Menghafal dalam Islam: Akar Peradaban, Relevansi Kontemporer, dan Solusi Pendidikan bagi Kecanduan Gim serta Degradasi Moral
The rapid expansion of digital technology has contributed to growing concerns about gaming addiction and moral degradation among Muslim youth. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) indicate that gaming disorder affects approximately 3-4% of gamers globally, while a 2023 survey by the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) found that 62% of Indonesian adolescents reported spending more than four hours per day on digital games. This article aims to examine the relevance of the Islamic memorization tradition as a response to these contemporary challenges. Using a qualitative library research approach, the study analyzes the Quran, Hadith, classical Islamic literature, and recent studies in Islamic education, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and digital media. Data were analyzed through content analysis to explore the relationship between memorization practices, cognitive development, and character formation. The findings reveal that memorization in Islam is not merely a cognitive activity but an educational tradition that integrates intellectual, moral, and spiritual development. This study further identifies that the cognitive values embedded in Islamic memorization practices such as the cultivation of attention, self-discipline, and emotional regulation align with executive function capacities documented in neuroscience, and may serve as a counter-framework to the behavioral and moral effects of excessive digital gaming. The study concludes that revitalizing the Islamic memorization tradition can serve as a relevant educational strategy for strengthening character and addressing the cognitive and moral challenges of the digital era.
Prediksi Kecepatan Pengeboran Menggunakan Regresi LASSO pada Lapisan Interburden Batubara
Rotary drilling operations at Pit Bendili, PT Kaltim Prima Coal, require operational parameter optimization to achieve the company’s target Rate of Penetration (ROP) of 110 m/h. Drilling speed is significantly influenced by the interaction between mechanical operational factors and rock characteristics. Pit Bendili has an average Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) of 15.46 MPa, classified as weak rock, yet hardness variations between coal seams cause workload fluctuations. This study aims to model and analyze the combination of pulldown pressure (PP) and rotational pressure (RP) on the velocity of penetration (VP) to meet the ROP target. Operational parameters were modeled using the Python-based Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Regression method. Analysis of 134 blast hole operational datasets yielded a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 7.9%, indicating excellent predictive model accuracy. Through this LASSO model, PP and RP combinations can be precisely adjusted to ensure drilling velocity consistently meets or exceeds the 110 m/h target across various rock layers.
Ketimpangan Akses Pendidikan Islam: Studi Kasus di Tambing Kekeq Aik Berik
This study aims to analyze the inequality in access to Islamic education in Tambing Kekeq Hamlet, Aik Berik Village, Central Lombok Regency, by examining the factors that influence this disparity and its implications for the sustainability of community education. Educational inequality in this context is understood as a structural phenomenon influenced by geographic conditions, economic conditions, educational infrastructure, and policies that are not fully responsive to remote areas. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through participatory observation and in-depth interviews with five respondents consisting of parents, students, community leaders, teachers, and village officials. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification. The results show that the inequality in access to Islamic education in the study area is caused by geographic isolation that hinders student mobility, limited teaching staff and educational facilities, and economic pressures of an agrarian community that often makes education a low priority. These conditions result in low educational participation, high absenteeism rates, and the emergence of a gap in religious literacy between central and peripheral areas. These findings confirm that educational inequality is multidimensional and interconnected, forming a cycle of educational injustice. The implications of this research point to the need for more affirmative and region-based education policies, including strengthening educational infrastructure, equitable distribution of teaching staff, and innovative educational services based on geographic accessibility. This approach is crucial for realizing a more inclusive and equitable distribution of Islamic education in remote areas.
Profil Keterampilan Pemecahan Masalah dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa pada Materi Fluida Statis
Problem-solving skills are among the important competencies that students must have when learning physics in the 21st century. However, among static fluid materials, students are still found to have difficulty analyzing and solving physics problems, which is suspected to be related to students’ level of learning motivation. This study aims to describe the profiles of problem-solving skills and learning motivation among high school students in static fluid materials. The research method used is quantitative descriptive. The research subjects consisted of 46 students in grade XI of MIPA at a high school in Garut Regency. The research instruments included a problem-solving skills description test and a learning motivation questionnaire. The results showed that students' overall problem-solving skills were in the medium category with an average percentage of 55.9%. At the problem-solving stage, the understanding-of-the problem indicator had the highest percentage, at 71.1%. while the evaluation indicator had the lowest percentage at 41.1%. Student learning motivation is in the medium category with an average percentage of 59.32%. The results of this study show the need for learning efforts that are able to improve the ability to evaluate solutions and strengthen students' learning motivation in physics learning.
Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Berbasis Problem Based Learning (PBL) untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik Kelas XI di SMA pada Materi Fluida Statis
Based on the results of field observations, teacher interviews, and questionnaires distributed to students, several problems were identified in the learning process. The findings revealed that learning activities were still predominantly teacher centered, resulting in low student participation during lessons and consequently leading to insufficient development of students' critical thinking skills. In addition, the use of instructional media in the learning process was still limited. Therefore, this study aims to develop an Interactive Multimedia based on the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach for the topic of static fluids that is valid, practical, and effective for use in physics learning, as well as capable of improving students' critical thinking skills. This study employs a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE development model. The research subjects consisted of material experts, media experts, learning experts, and 36 students of class XI F4 at SMA Negeri 1 Berastagi. The instruments used in this study included feasibility questionnaires (for material and media experts), a practicality assessment instrument (for learning experts), pretest and posttest questions, and student response questionnaires regarding the PBL-based Interactive Multimedia on static fluid material. The results showed that the developed PBL-based Interactive Multimedia on static fluid material was categorized as highly valid for use in physics learning, based on the validation results from material experts (93%) and media experts (80%). The multimedia was also categorized as highly practical based on the responses of learning experts (97%) and students (95%). Furthermore, the multimedia was proven effective, as indicated by an N-Gain score of 0.85, which falls into the high category, and an average posttest score of 86, exceeding the Minimum Learning Achievement Criteria (KKTP). Therefore, it can be concluded that the Problem-Based Learning-based Interactive Multimedia on static fluid material is valid, practical, and effective for use in learning and can improve students' critical thinking skills.
Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Suku Sasak pada Mata Pelajaran IPAS Materi Bab 6 Indonesiaku Kaya Budaya Kelas IV SDN Bejelo
This study was motivated by the use of general teaching materials that have not integrated Sasak local wisdom into IPAS learning, despite the Merdeka Curriculum's emphasis on contextual learning.This study aims to determine the development process, feasibility, and practicality of a learning module based on Sasak local wisdom in the IPAS subject, Chapter 6 “My Indonesia is Rich in Culture,” Topic A: The Uniqueness of Community Customs around Me for Grade IV students at SDN Bejelo. This research is Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model, which consists of five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The subjects were fourth-grade students at SDN Bejelo. Data were collected through questionnaires and documentation. Research instruments included validation sheets from media and material experts, as well as response questionnaires from teachers and students. The results indicate that the module is feasible and practical. Material expert validation obtained a score of 56 (93%) categorized as “Highly Feasible,” while media expert validation obtained 40 (80%) categorized as “Feasible.” The module was also considered practical based on user responses. The small group trial reached 87% and the large group trial reached 95%, both categorized as “Highly Practical.” The teacher response obtained 86%, also categorized as “Highly Practical.” Based on these results, the Sasak local wisdom-based learning module is feasible and practical for Grade IV IPAS learning in elementary school.
Pengembangan LKPD Fisika Berbasis Android dengan Pendekatan Saintifik pada Materi Usaha dan Energi
Physics learning on Work and Energy still faces challenges in the form of students' poor understanding of abstract concepts and the suboptimal use of digital technology as a learning medium. Therefore, the development of Android-based worksheets with a scientific approach is necessary to support more interactive and meaningful learning. This study aims to develop an Android-based physics student worksheet (LKPD) with a scientific approach to the topic of Work and Energy and to test its validity, practicality, and effectiveness. This study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model, encompassing the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The subjects were 11th-grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Lae Parira, selected using cluster random sampling. The research instruments included validation sheets from material experts and media experts, questionnaires from educators and students, and learning outcome tests. Data were analyzed descriptively using quantitative percentages and the N-Gain test. The results showed that the developed Android-based physics LKPD achieved a very high level of validity, with validation percentages from media experts of 94.5% and from material experts of 93.5%. The practicality level based on educator responses reached 93%, while student responses in the small-group and large-group tests were 90.51% and 89.25%, respectively, categorized as very practical. The effectiveness test results showed an increase in student learning outcomes with an average pretest score of 58.82 and a posttest score of 88.16, along with an N-Gain score of 0.70, which is categorized as moderate. Thus, the Android-based physics worksheet with a scientific approach to the Work and Energy material is declared valid, practical, and effective for use in physics learning.
Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan E-Modul Flipbook terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Materi Getaran Harmonik
This study aimed to determine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by a flipbook e-module on students' learning outcomes in harmonic oscillation. The study employed a quasi-experimental method using a non-equivalent control group design. The population consisted of all eleventh-grade students at SMAN 1 Praya Barat. Purposive sampling was used to select class XI A1 as the experimental group, which received the Problem-Based Learning model assisted by a flipbook e-module, and class XI A2 as the control group, which received conventional instruction. Data were collected using a cognitive learning achievement test, an affective observation sheet, and a psychomotor assessment sheet, all of which had been validated and tested for reliability. Data were analyzed using an independent samples t-test at a 5% significance level after fulfilling the assumptions of normality and homogeneity. The results showed that the mean cognitive pretest scores of the experimental and control groups were 62.31 and 61.73, respectively, while the mean posttest scores were 75.58 and 69.04. The experimental group also achieved higher mean scores in the affective domain (70.77 vs. 67.62) and psychomotor domain (80.46 vs. 69.42) than the control group. Hypothesis testing revealed significance values of 0.007 for the cognitive domain, 0.044 for the affective domain, and 0.000 for the psychomotor domain. These findings indicate that the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning model assisted by a flipbook e-module has a significant positive effect on improving students' learning outcomes in harmonic oscillation.
Pengembangan Modul Digital Flipbook Berbasis CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning) pada Materi Ekosistem Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Gowa
This study aimed to develop a Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL)-based digital flipbook module on ecosystem material for tenth-grade students of SMA Negeri 2 Gowa that is valid, practical, and effective for classroom learning. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, consisting of five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The analysis stage involved identifying teachers’ and students’ needs as well as analyzing the Merdeka Curriculum implemented in the school. The developed product was a CTL-based digital flipbook module accessible through mobile devices and equipped with illustrations, learning videos, practice exercises, interactive quizzes, and group projects that connected learning materials with students’ real-life experiences. The validity of the product was evaluated by material and media experts, while practicality and effectiveness were assessed through field testing involving tenth-grade students of SMA Negeri 2 Gowa. Data were collected using validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and learning achievement tests. The data were analyzed descriptively using percentages and assessment criteria. The results indicated that the developed CTL-based digital flipbook module met the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness, making it suitable for use as instructional material in ecosystem learning. Furthermore, the digital flipbook module enhanced student engagement, supported independent learning, and facilitated a more contextual and meaningful understanding of ecosystem concepts.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Fisika Interaktif Berbasis Etnosains untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik
This study aimed to develop an ethnoscience-based interactive physics learning media on sound waves that is valid and practical to support students' critical thinking skills. The development of the learning media was motivated by the fact that physics instruction remains predominantly conventional and has not yet integrated local culture as a contextual learning resource. The developed media integrates the concept of sound waves with the local culture of Lombok, particularly the Gendang Beleq tradition, using Articulate Storyline 3. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach based on the 4D model, consisting of the define, design, and develop stages. The resulting product was an ethnoscience-based interactive physics learning media accompanied by supporting instructional materials. Product validation was conducted by three expert validators and two practitioner validators. The practicality test involved 17 students of class XI MIPA B and two physics teachers at SMAN 10 Mataram. The research instruments included validation sheets, reliability sheets, and response questionnaires for both students and teachers. The results showed that the learning media achieved a validity score of 91.11% from expert validators and 98.33% from practitioner validators, both categorized as highly valid. The critical thinking skills instrument obtained validity scores of 91.67% from expert validators and 95.00% from practitioner validators, both categorized as highly valid, with a reliability score of 95.71%, indicating a reliable instrument. The practicality test results showed student and teacher response scores of 93.16% and 98.13%, respectively, both categorized as highly practical. Therefore, the developed learning media is considered feasible for use in physics learning.
Pengembangan E-Book Interaktif pada Materi Eksplorasi Profesi Ragam Bentang Alam Wilayah Bangkalan untuk Siswa Kelas IV SDN Pejagan 5
This study aims to develop an Interactive E-Book on the Material of Profession Exploration of Natural Landscapes of the Bangkalan Region for Grade IV Students of SDN Pejagan 5. Preliminary research revealed that fourth-grade students struggled to understand the connection between the natural landscapes of the Bangkalan region and the occupations of its residents, due to the lack of contextual and interactive teaching materials based on local wisdom. This situation prompted the development of an interactive e-book as a solution capable of providing a more concrete and engaging learning experience that aligns with established learning outcomes. This study uses the 4D model (Define, Design, Development, Dissemination) developed by Thiagarajan (1974), with 35 grade IV students of SDN Pejagan 5 as research subjects. The results indicate that the Interactive E-Book has been declared valid, practical, and effective. Validity was assessed by material experts (90%), learning design experts (91.6%), and teaching material experts (95%), all categorized as very valid. Practicality in limited trials reached 83.33% for teacher activity and 93.99% for student activity, while implementation trials achieved 96.65% and 96.55% respectively, both very practical. Effectiveness was demonstrated through student response questionnaires of 86% (limited trial) and 91.33% (implementation trial), with learning outcome tests reaching 100% completion in both trials.
Development of Interactive Physics E-Modules Based on Guided Inquiry on the Material of the Nature of Physics and Occupational Safety for High School Students
The advancement of digital technology in education demands the availability of teaching materials that facilitate independent, interactive, and student-centered learning. In line with the implementation of the Independent Curriculum, the use of digital learning media is an alternative to increase student engagement in the physics learning process, which has traditionally been considered abstract and difficult to understand. This study aims to develop an interactive physics e-module based on guided inquiry on the Nature of Physics and Occupational Safety and to determine its level of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The study used the Research and Development (R&D) method with a 4D model that includes the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The study was conducted at SMA Negeri 8 Jambi City with 35 students of grade X Phase E as subjects. The research instruments were validation sheets from material experts and media experts, questionnaires on teacher and student practicality, and questionnaires on student effectiveness. Data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively using percentages. The results showed that the e-module obtained a very good level of validity with a percentage of validation from material experts of 81.95% and media experts of 89.00%. The practicality level obtained a percentage of 94.7% based on teacher assessments and 87.3% based on student assessments. The effectiveness level reached 89.3%. These results indicate that the interactive physics e-module based on guided inquiry developed meets the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness, making it suitable for use as a learning medium to support the implementation of the Independent Curriculum
Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep IPS Peserta Didik Kelas Iv di SDN Kenari 07 Melalui Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning
This research was motivated by the low understanding of social studies (IPS) concepts among grade IV-A students at SDN Kenari 07, who tended to be passive and less actively involved in the learning process. To overcome this problem, the Discovery Learning model was implemented. This study aimed to improve the understanding of social studies concepts of grade IV-A students at SDN Kenari 07 through the implementation of the Discovery Learning model on cultural diversity materials. This type of research was Classroom Action Research (CAR) using the Kemmis & McTaggart model conducted in two cycles. The research subjects consisted of 32 grade IV-A students at SDN Kenari 07. Data were collected through tests, observations, and documentation, then analyzed qualitatively using the Miles and Huberman model and quantitatively using descriptive analysis. The results showed an increase in each cycle. Teacher activity increased from 79.90% in Cycle I to 89.71% in Cycle II. Similarly, student activity increased from 74.51% in Cycle I to 88.73% in Cycle II. This improvement had a positive impact on the classical completeness of students' conceptual understanding, which rose from 59.38% in Cycle I to 84.38% in Cycle II. In conclusion, the implementation of the Discovery Learning model successfully improved the understanding of social studies concepts of grade IV-A students at SDN Kenari 07 on cultural diversity materials.
Trade-Off Spasial antara Ekspansi Pertanian Jagung dan Kualitas Lingkungan: Integrasi Analisis Deforestasi menggunakan Citra Sentinel-2A dan Indeks Kualitas Lingkungan Hidup di Kabupaten Dompu, Indonesia
The expansion of corn cultivation in Dompu Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, has the potential to generate significant economic growth but simultaneously places ecological pressure on protected forest areas. This study examines the spatial trade-off between agricultural expansion, particularly corn, and environmental quality in Dompu Regency by integrating Sentinel-2A image-based deforestation analysis (2019–2026) with Environmental Quality Index (IKLH) data from 2021–2025. Analysis results show that the area of dryland agriculture increased drastically from 7,602.02 ha to 92,115.24 ha, while primary forest cover decreased by 6,335.12 ha and shrub/scrub cover decreased by 49,131.65 ha. Deforestation reached 73,729.50 ha, and forest degradation covered 14,926.75 ha. On the other hand, corn production in Dompu Regency increased significantly from 302,117 tons (2020) to 629,011 tons (2022), although it experienced fluctuations in subsequent years. The IKLH analysis shows fluctuating values with an improving trend by 2025 (76.48), yet the components of the Water Quality Index (IKA) and Land Cover Quality Index (IKL) remain in the poor category. The identification of spatial trade-off zones—Critical Transition Zones in the sub-districts of Pekat, Kempo, and Woja; Ecologically Vulnerable Zones in the northern part; and Production Stabilization Zones in the southern part—provides a scientific basis for recalibrating spatial planning policies that integrate ecological boundaries into agricultural land-use planning.
Efektivitas Konseling Person-Centered untuk Meningkatkan Self-Esteem Remaja yang Mengalami Penghinaan Verbal Orang Tua
Parental verbal insults can negatively affect adolescents' psychological development, particularly self-esteem. Repeated exposure to negative labeling, degrading comparisons, and other demeaning verbal expressions may lead adolescents to develop a negative self-concept and low self-confidence. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Person-Centered Therapy in improving the self-esteem of adolescents who experience parental verbal insults. This study employed a Pretest-Posttest Case Series design. The population consisted of 10 adolescents aged 15–20 years living in Dusun Buasan, Pana Village, Alla District, Enrekang Regency. Based on screening using the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), two participants with low self-esteem and repeated experiences of parental verbal insults were selected. The intervention was conducted through six individual counseling sessions. Data were collected using the RSES, observations, and interviews and analyzed descriptively. The findings showed that both participants experienced increased self-esteem after the intervention. The first participant's score increased from 12 to 22 (83.3%), while the second participant's score increased from 14 to 21 (50%). Positive behavioral changes were also observed, including increased self-confidence, self-acceptance, and social interaction. These findings indicate that Person-Centered Therapy can help adolescents develop a more positive self-concept following experiences of parental verbal insults.
Pengembangan Aplikasi “Change-Lab” dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kognitif Siswa Kelas IV pada Materi Perubahan Benda dan Sifatnya
Students' cognitive understanding of Science and Social Studies (IPAS), particularly on the topic of changes in matter and its properties, remains relatively low, while the availability of learning media in elementary schools is still limited. This study aimed to develop an interactive learning medium in the form of an application to improve the cognitive understanding of fourth-grade elementary school students. The study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D model, which consists of the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. Data were collected through interviews, validation questionnaires, student response questionnaires, and learning achievement tests. The results showed that the Change-Lab application obtained a material expert validation score of 95.89% and a media expert validation score of 94.35%, both categorized as highly valid. The study involved 33 students at SDN Nagreg 02. Student responses to the Change-Lab application reached 93.2%, indicating a very positive category, while the N-Gain score of 77.46% demonstrated a significant improvement in students' cognitive understanding. Therefore, the Change-Lab application is effective in improving students' cognitive understanding and is highly suitable for use in fourth-grade IPAS learning.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Visual Auditori Kinestetik (VAK) melalui Strategi Pembelajaran Aktif Berbantuan Diorama terhadap Pemahaman Konsep IPAS Siswa Kelas IV SDN 01 Gedung Ketapang Lampung Utara
Understanding science concepts is defined as the skills students need to understand, connect, and apply concepts in everyday life. However, based on the results of a pre-study conducted on fourth-grade students at SDN 01 Gedung Ketapang, it is still relatively low. Therefore, a learning model that can engage students actively and improve their conceptual understanding is needed. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Visual Auditory Kinesthetic (VAK) learning model through an active learning strategy assisted by dioramas has an effect on the conceptual understanding of fourth-grade students at SDN 01 Gedung Ketapang, North Lampung. The research method used in this study was quantitative and a quasi-experimental research design. Class IVA was used in this study as the experimental class, receiving the VAK model with dioramas as the medium, and the control class, receiving the SAVI model, which was used for class IVB. Pretest and posttest results were collected as research data, and analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, normality tests, homogeneity tests, and independent sample t-tests using SPSS. The average result of the posttest score of the experimental class was 83.5, while the experimental class obtained an average score of 56.5, lower than the experimental class. In the hypothesis testing, the Sig value was 0.000 (<0.05), so it can be said that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted, which means that the Visual Auditory Kinesthetic (VAK) learning model through active learning strategies assisted by dioramas has a significant influence on and is effective in improving students' understanding of science concepts.
Pengembangan EcoHYPTOR (Economical Hydraulic Pascal Demonstrator) sebagai Alat Peraga Pembelajaran Fisika Materi Fluida
The abstract conceptual nature of static fluid material, especially Pascal;s Law, often becomes a learning obstacle for senior high school (SMA) students. This condition is exacerbated by limited laboratory facilities and the minimal use of concrete media in schools. This study aims to produce an innovative hydraulic demonstration tool called EcoHYPTOR (Economical Hydraulic Pascal Demonstrator) that meets the criteria of being valid, practical, and feasible as a high school physics learning medium. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE development model, which is limited to the small-scale implementation stage (limited trials). Data collection was carried out through interview guidelines, media expert validation sheets, and user response questionnaires. The result of the media expert assessment showed that the validity level of EcoHYPTOR reached an average of 89% (Very Valid), with a perfect achievement of 100% in the aspect of clarity, safety and efficiency. Furthermore, limited user trials resulted in a response percentage of 92% (Very Good). It can be concluded that the EcoHYPTOR teaching aid is highly feasible, safe, and practical to use as an alternative learning medium to concretely visualize the principles of Pascal’s Law, especially in schools with limited laboratory facilities.
Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Visual Canva terhadap Hasil Belajar Fisika Peserta Didik
This study was motivated by the low physics learning outcomes of students at SMA Negeri 2 Narmada, particularly in the topic of Rotational Dynamics and Rigid Body Equilibrium. Abstract concepts and lecture-dominated teaching methods have caused students to be less active and perceive the material as difficult to understand. This study aims to determine the effect of the problem based learning model assisted by canva visual media on students' physics learning outcomes in the cognitive domain. Data from the affective and psychomotor domains were collected as supporting data to describe students' attitudes and skills during the learning process. This research employed a quasi-experimental method with a Non-equivalent Control Group Design. The sample consisted of 48 eleventh-grade students selected through purposive sampling and divided into an experimental class and a control class. Data were collected using a cognitive test consisting of 20 multiple-choice questions with reasons, and observation sheets for the affective and psychomotor domains. Cognitive data were analyzed using an Independent Samples T-Test and N-Gain test, while affective and psychomotor data were analyzed using descriptive percentages. The results showed a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect of the problem based learning model assisted by Canva on cognitive learning outcomes. Prior to treatment, the experimental and control classes had similar initial abilities with mean pretest score of 43.75 and 45.00, respectively. After treatment, the mean posttest score of the experimental class increased significantly to 81.88, while the control class only reached 56.46. The improvement in cognitive learning outcomes was further demonstrated by the N-Gain test, which showed an average N-Gain score of 0.6897 for the experimental class, categorized as medium, while the control class only achieved 0.2142, categorized as low. Supporting data indicated that the experimental class achieved an average affective score of 82.73% in the very good category and an average psychomotor score of 86.81% in the very skilled category. The implementation of the Problem Based Learning model assisted by canva visual media proved to be effective and significant in improving physics learning.
Hubungan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis dan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa pada Materi Fluida Statis
Critical thinking and problem-solving skills are two core competencies required in 21st-century physics learning, yet student learning outcomes in abstract topics such as static fluids remain relatively low. It is not yet known empirically to what extent critical thinking skills contribute to students' problem-solving abilities, so the relationship between the two needs further investigation. This study aims to analyze the correlation between critical thinking skills and problem-solving abilities of 11th-grade students on the topic of static fluids. A quantitative correlational approach was employed, involving 32 students in Bandung selected through purposive sampling. The instrument used was a two-tier test to measure both variables simultaneously while revealing the reasoning behind students' answers. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation due to non-normal data distribution. The results showed a positive and significant but weak correlation (ρ = 0.335; p = 0.049), with critical thinking contributing only 11.2% to problem-solving ability. The remaining 88.8% was influenced by other factors such as conceptual mastery and mathematical ability. This finding indicates that critical thinking alone is insufficient to predict success in physics problem-solving. The implication is that instruction needs to be designed in an integrated manner, and further research is recommended to expand the sample and include additional predictor variables.
Efektivitas Model PBL Terintegrasi POE dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa pada Materi Energi Terbarukan
Problem-solving skills are among the essential competencies students need to face the challenges of the 21st century. However, problem-solving skills in physics are still relatively low, indicating the need for instructional models that can effectively facilitate their development. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model integrated with Predict, Observe, Explain (POE) in improving problem-solving skills on renewable energy topics. A quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design was employed. The population consisted of all tenth-grade students at a public senior high school in Bandung. The sample was selected using convenience sampling, involving 32 students in the experimental class and 30 students in the control class. Problem-solving skills were measured using an essay test. Data were analyzed using N-Gain, an Independent Samples t-test, and effect size. The results showed the experimental class achieved a higher N-Gain score (0.50, moderate category) than the control class (0.31, moderate category). The Independent Samples t-test yielded a significance value of less than 0.001. The effect size analysis produced a Cohen's d value of 1.264 (large category). These findings indicate the PBL model integrated with POE effectively improves problem-solving skills on renewable energy topics.
Rumah Lanting sebagai Media Pembelajaran Inquiry Materi Fluida Statis untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Sains Siswa SMA
Science literacy has emerged as a fundamental competency in navigating the complexities of modern life, yet Indonesian students consistently underperform in this domain. Data from the 2022 PISA assessment placed Indonesia 67th among 81 nations with a science literacy score 0f 383, reflecting a persistent gap between educational expectations and actual outcomes. A contributing factor is the disconnect between formal science instruction and the lived experiences of students. This study investigated the extent to which science literacy among senior high school students could be enhanced through inquiry-based learning implemented with a floating house as a locally-rooted instructional medium on the topic of static fluids. A one-group Pretest-Posttest design was applied to 35 students of class XI-B MAN Kota Palangka Raya. Fourteen validated essay items were used for data collection (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.794). the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test yielded Z = -5.160 (p < 0.05), confirming a statistically significant difference between pre and post intervention scores. The mean N-Gain of 0.4786 indicated moderate improvement. These results suggest that embedding local cultural artifacts into an inquiry framework supports the development of contextually grounded and meaningful science literacy.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Media Virtual Lab dalam Pembelajaran Kimia pada Materi Larutan Elektrolit dan Nonelektrolit SMA Negeri 1 Wewewa Barat T.P 2025/2026
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of using Virtual Lab media in chemistry learning on the topic of electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solutions at SMA Negeri 1 Wewewa Barat in the 2025/2026 academic year. The study was motivated by students' low learning outcomes on this topic and the need for instructional media capable of enhancing conceptual understanding through interactive virtual laboratory activities. A quasi-experimental method with a Pretest–Posttest Control Group Design was employed. The research sample consisted of two groups, namely an experimental group and a control group, each comprising 20 students. The experimental group was taught using Virtual Lab media, while the control group received conventional instruction. The research instrument was a learning achievement test administered as both a pretest and a posttest. The data were analyzed using normality, homogeneity, and independent samples t-tests at a 5% significance level. The results showed that both groups had the same mean pretest score (43.75), indicating equivalent initial abilities. After the treatment, the mean posttest score of the experimental group increased to 82.75, while the control group achieved a mean score of 69.25. The improvement in learning outcomes was 39.00 points in the experimental group, exceeding the 25.50-point improvement observed in the control group. The normality test indicated that the experimental group's pretest and posttest data were normally distributed, whereas the control group's data showed slight deviations from normality. Nevertheless, the analysis was continued because both groups had equal sample sizes and homogeneous variances, with a significance value of 0.272. The hypothesis test yielded a calculated t-value of 9.69, which was greater than the critical t-value of 1.686 at the 0.05 significance level (df = 40), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis and acceptance of the alternative hypothesis. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of Virtual Lab media is effective in improving students' learning outcomes on the topic of electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solutions. Compared with conventional instruction, Virtual Lab had a significant positive effect and can serve as an innovative and effective alternative medium for chemistry learning.
CRAB Pulse Optimization for Transmon CNOT Gate with Leakage and Decoherence
High-fidelity two-qubit gates are essential for scalable quantum computation in superconducting transmon circuits. However, weak anharmonicity can induce leakage outside the computational subspace, while relaxation and dephasing reduce gate fidelity. This study presents a numerical simulation of a CNOT gate in a coupled two-transmon system. Each transmon is modeled as a three-level system, where |0⟩ and |1⟩ form the computational subspace, while |2⟩ is included to evaluate leakage. The control pulses are optimized using a two-channel chopped random basis (CRAB) method. The pulse u_1 (t) is applied to the control transmon as the main drive, while u_2 (t) is applied to the target transmon as a correction drive. The system is simulated under closed- and open-system conditions. In the open system, energy relaxation and pure dephasing are included through the Lindblad master equation. CRAB optimization improves the CNOT basis fidelity from 0.65 to 0.96 in the closed system and from 0.65 to 0.95 in the open system. The final leakage remains small, around 10^(-3). These results indicate that the correction drive can improve CNOT gate performance while keeping leakage low.
Analisis Kesulitan Guru dalam Penerapan Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5) di SD Negeri 2 Gerimak Indah
The Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) is one of the programs in the Merdeka Curriculum aimed at shaping students’ character in accordance with the values of Pancasila through project-based learning. However, in its implementation, teachers still face various challenges, particularly in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of P5 activities. This study aims to analyze the difficulties teachers face in implementing the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) at Gerimak Indah Public Elementary School No. 2 and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors that influence its implementation. This study employs a qualitative approach using a descriptive research design. The research subjects include the principal, teachers, and students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, structured interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research findings indicate that teachers face difficulties in developing project modules aligned with the P5 themes, managing the time allocation for implementation, conducting character-based assessments, and comprehensively understanding the concepts and stages of P5. Factors supporting the implementation of P5 include support from the school principal, collaboration among teachers, and the availability of supportive school facilities and environment. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include budget constraints, a lack of training, and a shortage of references and external partners. It is concluded that enhancing teacher competence through ongoing training and adequate resource support is essential to optimize the implementation of P5 in elementary schools.
Implementasi Model Project Based Learning (PjBL) Terintegrasi Games Collaborative Relay Learning (CRL) terhadap Hasil Belajar Murid Kelas VIII SMPN 26 Makassar
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar murid Kelas VIII SMPN 26 Makassar pada materi Bioteknologi melalui implementasi model Project Based Learning (PjBL) yang terintegrasi dengan games Collaborative Relay Learning (CRL). Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus. Subjek penelitian adalah 25 murid Kelas VIII (12 perempuan dan 13 laki-laki). Data dikumpulkan melalui tes pilihan ganda pada setiap siklus serta pretest dan posttest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan: rata-rata pretest sebesar 41,6 meningkat menjadi 91,6 pada posttest, dengan N-Gain sebesar 0,87 (kategori tinggi). Peningkatan hasil belajar per indikator kognitif meliputi C1 (44% → 100%), C2 (68,67% → 99,33%), C3 (32% → 90,67%), dan C4 (8,67% → 82,67%). Seluruh murid berpartisipasi aktif dalam setiap tahapan pembelajaran. Integrasi PjBL dan CRL terbukti efektif meningkatkan keterlibatan, kolaborasi, dan hasil belajar murid pada materi Bioteknologi.
Analisis Peran Guru dalam Mewujudkan Sekolah Ramah Anak di Kecamatan Kediri
This study analyzes the role of teachers in establishing Child-Friendly Schools (SRA) in Kediri Subdistrict, identifies the supporting and inhibiting factors faced, and describes their efforts to overcome these obstacles. This qualitative descriptive study was conducted at SDN 1 Montong Are, SDN 1 Jagaraga Indah, and SDN 3 Banyumulek, West Lombok Regency, with 3 principals, 6 teachers, and 9 students as informants. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, while validity was tested through source and methodological triangulation. The results show that teachers act as facilitators, mentors, and motivators. As facilitators, they apply active and varied methods; as mentors, they provide individual guidance, instill positive discipline, and handle misconduct without violence; and as motivators, they give recognition and opportunities to build students’ self-confidence. Supporting factors include a conducive school environment, teachers’ understanding of SRA, and synergy among school, family, and community, whereas inhibiting factors include the family environment and low parental involvement. Teachers address these obstacles by strengthening communication with parents, adjusting their approaches, and fostering cooperation. The study underlines stronger school–family–community collaboration and enhanced teacher competence for optimal, sustainable SRA implementation.
Pemanfaatan Metode Merged-IMSRA dalam Peningkatan Estimasi Curah Hujan Berbasis Satelit saat Kejadian Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) di Bali
Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) is one of the primary causes of extreme rainfall events in tropical regions, as occurred in Bali on 8–10 September 2025, which resulted in a significant hydrometeorological disaster. This study aims to evaluate the capability of the Merged Indian National Satellite System Multi-Spectral Rainfall Algorithm (M-IMSRA) in estimating the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall during the MCS event. M-IMSRA was developed through several sequential stages: IMSRA (IMR), polynomial bias correction (IMC), event-based orographic correction using GSMaP MVK ratios, cloud growth correction, and assimilation of 31 BMKG AWS/ARG observation points using the Cressman scheme. Validation was conducted using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and bias. The results show that M-IMSRA accurately mapped the spatial evolution of the MCS, with extreme rainfall accumulation (210–270 mm) concentrated in the central-eastern mountainous region of Bali during the peak phase, consistent with orographic lifting mechanisms. Statistical validation indicated moderate to very high correlation across all event phases (r = 0.663–0.941), accompanied by low RMSE and MAE values and a small, consistent bias (−0.08 to −1.14 mm). It is concluded that M-IMSRA is an accurate rainfall estimation method with strong potential for operational implementation in hydrometeorological disaster monitoring and early warning systems in Indonesian archipelagic regions with limited surface observation networks.
Analisis Strategi Penguatan Kelembagaan Masyarakat Dalam Program Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan (RHL) di Desa Sumberejo, Kabupaten Wonogiri, Wilayah Kerja BPDAS Solo
The success of the Forest and Land Rehabilitation (RHL) Program is influenced by the level of community participation and institutional capacity at each stage of implementation. This study aims to analyze the level of community institutional participation, identify internal and external factors affecting these institutions, and formulate strategies to strengthen community institutions within the RHL Program in Sumberejo Village, Wonogiri Regency (under the jurisdiction of BPDAS Solo). A descriptive approach employing both quantitative and qualitative methods was used. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and document review involving 40 members of the Forest Farmer Group selected via random sampling, while key informants were chosen through purposive sampling. Data analysis utilized a Likert scale, IFAS-EFAS matrices, and SWOT analysis. The results indicate that community institutional participation falls into the "high" category during the implementation (79.37%) and output utilization (81.37%) stages, whereas the planning (63.12%) and evaluation (54.75%) stages fall into the "moderate" category. Identification results reveal that member engagement, group cooperation, and group leadership are key strengths, while limited knowledge regarding rehabilitation and group management remains a weakness. Externally, government support, facilitation, and the availability of rehabilitation land represent major opportunities, despite challenges posed by unpredictable weather and pest infestations. These conditions place the community institutions in Quadrant I; consequently, an SO (Strengths-Opportunities) strategy is prioritized to bolster participation, group cooperation, and the utilization of government support, thereby ensuring the sustainability of the RHL Program.
Peran Kamis Literasi dalam Penguatan Literasi dan Kemampuan Komunikasi Siswa SMPN 1 Masbagik
Indonesia's low reading interest, with only one in 1,000 people having a reading habit, has a direct impact on students' communication skills, since literacy and communication are inherently interconnected competencies that mutually reinforce one another. This study aims to describe the role of the Literacy Thursday program in strengthening literacy and communication skills of students at SMPN 1 Masbagik. The program has been running for years, held every Thursday morning on the school field with all school members participating. Students retell the content of books they have read at home on their own. Data collection was conducted in class 7.9 from March 12 to May 14, 2026, using a descriptive qualitative approach supported by quantitative data. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and speaking assessments using a rubric. Results show the average communication score increased from 58.9 to 78.4, with students meeting the passing standard rising from 25% to 84.4%. Students's willingness to speak in front of others also grew from 8 students (25%) to 27 students (84.4%). The program proved effective in building a reading culture and developing oral communication skills.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Literasi Digital dan Hasil Belajar IPAS melalui Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Interaktif pada Siswa Kelas V SDN 39 Cakranegara
This classroom action research aimed to improve the digital literacy and learning outcomes in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) of fifth-grade students at SDN 39 Cakranegara through the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by interactive media. The study was conducted during the second semester of the 2025/2026 academic year using the Kemmis and McTaggart Classroom Action Research model, which consisted of two cycles. Each cycle comprised four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The participants were 28 fifth-grade students, consisting of 14 boys and 14 girls. Data were collected through observations of teacher and student activities, learning achievement tests, and documentation. The findings indicated that the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning model assisted by interactive media significantly improved students' learning activities and learning outcomes. Classical learning mastery increased from 64.29% in Cycle I to 89.29% in Cycle II, exceeding the minimum success criterion of 85%. The mean student score also improved from 72.14 in Cycle I to 84.68 in Cycle II, surpassing the minimum criterion of 80. Student activity increased from 76% (good category) in Cycle I to 91% (very good category) in Cycle II. Furthermore, students demonstrated improved abilities to access, manage, and utilize digital information during the learning process, indicating enhanced digital literacy. These improvements occurred because the PBL model provided opportunities for students to engage actively in solving authentic problems, while the interactive media made learning more engaging and contextual. Therefore, the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning model assisted by interactive media was effective in improving digital literacy and learning outcomes in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) among fifth-grade students at SDN 39 Cakranegara. This model can serve as an innovative instructional alternative for enhancing the quality of learning in elementary schools.
Konservasi Hutan Adat melalui Pendekatan Budaya: Perspektif Masyarakat Wetu Telu Bayan, Lombok Utara
Customary forests in Bayan, North Lombok, are managed by the Wetu Telu com-munity through a value system that blends religious belief, cosmology, and local wisdom, making forest sustainability inseparable from the cultural dimension of the community that safeguards it. This study aims to map and synthesize prior scholarly findings on the conservation of Bayan's customary forest from a cultural perspective, focusing on the values underlying conservation practices, the custom-ary rules applied, the roles of various socio-cultural actors, and the challenges that emerge amid modernization. The study was conducted through a Systematic Liter-ature Review (SLR) approach, in which relevant prior publications on Wetu Telu customary forest conservation were searched, screened, and analyzed to identify recurring patterns and connecting threads across studies. The findings show that the syncretism between Islamic values and local tradition shapes a view of the for-est as sacred space, which is then institutionalized through the awig-awig custom-ary rules as a mechanism of social control over forest resource use. The effectiveness of forest conservation is further shaped by the roles of customary leaders, religious figures, families, and collaboration with village governments, although its continui-ty faces pressure from shifting values among younger generations and inconsisten-cies between customary law and national law. This culture-based conservation is shown to generate multidimensional benefits, contributing to ecological sustaina-bility, economic value, and social cohesion within the community. These findings affirm that the preservation of Bayan's customary forest should be understood as an ongoing socio-cultural process, suggesting that future environmental governance policies should position indigenous communities as primary partners rather than mere objects of regulation.
Model Pengembangan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan Berbasis Toponimi di Danau Perintis Kabupaten Bone Bolango
Toponymy reflects the historical, cultural, and geographical identity of a place and can serve as an important foundation for sustainable tourism development. However, the potential of toponymy has not been widely integrated into tourism planning, particularly in local tourist destinations with strong historical values such as Perintis Lake. This study aims to formulate a toponymy-based sustainable tourism development model at Perintis Lake, Bone Bolango Regency. The study was conducted through an analysis of the toponymy of Perintis Lake based on physical and social geographic aspects and its potential to support sustainable tourism development. The study used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the name of Perintis Lake is related to the historical event of the arrival of Hasanuddin Division troops using KM Perintis in 1957 in order to maintain the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The toponymy contains historical value, local identity, and collective memory of the community that is still maintained to this day. From a physical geographic aspect, Perintis Lake has a water landscape that supports tourism activities and the ecological function of the area. From a social geographic aspect, this area becomes a space for community activities and has cultural and historical values that have the potential to be developed as a tourism narrative. Based on the analysis results, the toponymy-based sustainable tourism development model at Perintis Lake consists of strengthening destination identity, tourism interpretation based on local history, environmental preservation, community empowerment, and culture-based promotion. This model supports sustainable tourism development through the integration of environmental, socio-cultural, and economic aspects while strengthening the local identity of the Perintis Lake tourist destination.
Pelaksanaan Gema Haji dalam Menanamkan Karakter Dimensi Profil Lulusan pada Murid Kelas IV di SD Negeri 1 Kembang Sari
Character development through religious habituation activities is one of the efforts implemented by schools to support the strengthening of the Graduate Profile Dimensions among students. One form of such habituation is the Gema Hajj program, or the massive movement of congregational dhuha prayer and Qur’an recitation, which is conducted regularly at school. However, studies regarding its implementation and the forms of character development based on the Graduate Profile Dimensions remain limited. This study aims to examine the implementation process of the Gema Hajj program and the forms of character development based on the Graduate Profile Dimensions among fourth-grade students at SD Negeri 1 Kembang Sari. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach that emphasizes the interpretation of phenomena in a natural and holistic manner. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving an Islamic Religious Education teacher, a fourth-grade homeroom teacher, and fourth-grade students selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman model, consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that the Gema Hajj program is implemented daily in the school prayer room, consisting of congregational dhuha prayer, dhikr, collective supplication, and the reading and memorization of selected short chapters of the Qur’an, while on fridays additional activities include the recitation of Surah Yasin, religious lectures, and short speeches. Character development based on the Graduate Profile Dimensions was analyzed through students’ behaviors during the implementation of the program. The results indicate that the dimensions of faith and piety toward God Almighty, independence, communication, and health were evident, whereas citizenship, critical reasoning, and collaboration were less evident, and creativity was not observed. These findings suggest that the Gema Hajj program contributes to character development based on the Graduate Profile Dimensions. However, further strengthening of several dimensions is still required to achieve more balanced and comprehensive character development.
Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Two Stay Two Stray untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menyimak Kelas V di SDN 1 Mantup
Listening skills are one of the essential language skills that elementary school students need to master because they support the success of the learning process. Based on the preliminary observation conducted in Grade V of SDN 1 Mantup, students’ listening skills were still relatively low, indicating the need for improvement through the implementation of an instructional model that actively engages students in learning activities. This study aimed to improve the listening skills of Grade V students at SDN 1 Mantup through the implementation of the Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) cooperative learning model. This research employed Classroom Action Research (CAR), which was conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The participants of this study were 30 Grade V students of SDN 1 Mantup. Data were collected through observation, tests, and documentation. The findings revealed that the implementation of the Two Stay Two Stray cooperative learning model successfully improved students’ listening skills. Learning mastery increased from 53% in Cycle I to 93% in Cycle II. Teacher activity improved from 53% to 93%, while student activity increased from 61.25% to 91.25%. The improvement occurred because the Two Stay Two Stray model provided students with opportunities to discuss, exchange information, listen to the results of other groups’ discussions, and convey the information obtained to their original groups. Therefore, the Two Stay Two Stray cooperative learning model is considered effective in improving the listening skills of Grade V students at SDN 1 Mantup.
Analisis Kegiatan Pembiasaan Dalam Menumbuhkan Karakter Disiplin dan Tanggung Jawab Siswa SD Negeri 6 Selong Melalui Kegiatan Imtaq dan Pentas Seni
Character education has become an important aspect of elementary education, as schools are expected to develop not only students' academic achievement but also positive character values. Habituation activities are considered one of the effective strategies to instill discipline and responsibility through continuous practice in students' daily school life. This study aims to analyze the implementation of habituation activities through the IMTAQ (Faith and Piety) program and Arts Performance in fostering discipline and responsibility among students at SD Negeri 6 Selong. A descriptive qualitative research method was employed, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects included the principal, teachers, and students of SD Negeri 6 Selong. The results indicate that: (1) IMTAQ activities held every Friday morning, including Qur'an recitation, communal prayer, short religious talks, and Duha prayer, consistently build time discipline and religious responsibility; (2) Arts Performance activities, carried out through scheduled rehearsals and periodic performances, cultivate discipline, commitment, and a sense of responsibility toward individual roles and group tasks; and (3) supporting factors include teacher commitment, principal support, and student enthusiasm, while inhibiting factors include inconsistent parental support and limited time allocation. This study concludes that habituation activities through the IMTAQ and Arts Performance programs are effective in sustainably fostering discipline and responsibility among elementary school students.
Analysis of Instrument Quality for Measuring High School Students’ Conceptual Understanding of Global Warming
Conceptual understanding of global warming is essential for enabling students to explain environmental phenomena scientifically and apply physics concepts to real-world issues; therefore, a valid and reliable assessment instrument is needed. This study aimed to analyze the quality of a test instrument measuring high school students' conceptual understanding of global warming using the Rasch Model. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed involving 43 eleventh-grade students from a public high school in Bandung selected through purposive sampling. The instrument consisted of 20 multiple-choice items based on the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy at the C2 level. Data were analyzed using MINISTEP. The results showed that the instrument satisfied the unidimensionality assumption, with 50.9% raw variance explained by measures and 6.7% unexplained variance in the first contrast. Item fit analysis identified 9 highly suitable items, 7 suitable items, 1 less suitable item, and 3 unsuitable items. Reliability analysis yielded person reliability of 0.63, item reliability of 0.93, and Cronbach's alpha of 0.71. Therefore, the instrument is generally suitable for measuring students' conceptual understanding of global warming, although several items require revision
Analisis Validitas Media Berbasis Curipod dan Perangkat Pembelajaran Materi Proses Termodinamika Kelas XI di SMA Negeri 1 Sunawa
Learning physics on the topic of thermodynamic processes requires media and learning tools that match the characteristics of the material in order to support the learning process. Therefore, Curipod-based media and learning tools that are developed need to be validated to ensure their feasibility before being implemented in learning. This study aimed to determine the validity of interactive learning media based on the Curipod platform and learning devices on thermodynamic processes material. Curipod was developed as an alternative interactive learning medium to support physics learning. The selection of this material was based on the abstract nature of physics concepts, which require dynamic visualization to facilitate understanding. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the comprehensive ADDIE model, with the research limited to the Development stage. Data were collected through validation sheets assessed directly by experts from the Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. The validation process covered four main aspects: content appropriateness, technical presentation, language suitability, and instrument readability. The results showed that the Curipod-based media obtained an average score of 3.77, while the module, teaching materials, student worksheets, learning achievement test, learning implementation observation sheet, student activity observation sheet, and student response questionnaire obtained average scores of 3.80, 3.91, 3.86, 3.85, 3.93, 4.00, and 4.00, respectively. These findings indicate that the developed media and learning devices are categorized as highly valid and can be used in physics learning on thermodynamic processes.
Analisis Kualitas Instrumen Pemahaman Konsep pada Materi Energi Terbarukan Menggunakan Model Rasch
This study aimed to analyze the quality of a conceptual understanding test instrument on renewable energy using the Rasch measurement model. The instrument consisted of 19 multiple-choice items developed based on the conceptual understanding dimensions proposed by Anderson and Krathwohl (2001) and was administered to 75 tenth-grade senior high school students. Data were analyzed using MINISTEP version 5.10.3.0, including content validity (Aiken’s V coefficient), construct validity (unidimensionality, outfit MNSQ, ZSTD, and Point Measure Correlation), reliability, item difficulty, Differential Item Functioning (DIF), and the Wright Map. The results showed that 14 of the 19 items were content valid (V ≥ 0.80). The raw variance explained by measures was 36.5%, indicating that the instrument satisfied the unidimensionality assumption. The analysis also revealed a person reliability of 0.71 (acceptable), an item reliability of 0.94 (very good), and a Cronbach’s alpha (KR-20) of 0.77 (very good). Three items (S7, S10, and S19) exhibited significant Differential Item Functioning (DIF) based on gender. The Wright Map indicated that the mean student ability was 1.14 logits, while item difficulty ranged from −2.15 to 3.33 logits. Overall, the instrument was considered suitable for measuring students’ conceptual understanding of renewable energy after revisions were made to the problematic items.
Pengembangan dan Validasi Instrumen Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMA pada Materi Dinamika Rotasi: Pendekatan Rasch Model
Critical thinking is a core competency required in 21st-century education, but a valid and reliable instrument for assessing this skill within the topic of rotational dynamics remains limited. This study aims to develop and validate a critical thinking skills assessment instrument for senior high school students on the topic of rotational dynamics, employing the Rasch model for comprehensive validation. Instrument development followed the ADDIE model, involving 34 students during the implementation and evaluation phases. The instrument comprises 27 items constructed based on Facione's critical thinking aspects. Content validity analysis yielded a mean Aiken's V of 0.93, exceeding the critical threshold of 0.80. Unidimensionality testing revealed a raw variance explained by measures of 28.9% (>20%), with unexplained variance in contrasts 1–5 of the PCA residuals ranging from 5.8% to 9.9% (<15%), indicating that the instrument consistently measures a single construct. Twenty-six of the 27 items demonstrated fit to the Rasch model. Reliability analysis yielded an item reliability of 0.81 (good), a person reliability of 0.68 (fair), and a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.72 (good). Wright Map and Item Characteristic Curve (ICC) analyses further confirmed the alignment between item difficulty levels and student ability levels. The developed instrument is demonstrated to be valid and reliable for measuring critical thinking skills among senior high school students in the context of rotational dynamics.
Pengembangan E-LKPD Berbasis Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Liveworksheet pada Materi Hak dan Kewajiban Kelas IV SDN Pejagan 5
This study was motivated by the limited availability of digital teaching materials supporting Pancasila Education learning, particularly on the topic of rights and obligations. In addition, students still experience difficulties in understanding and applying the concepts of rights and obligations in their daily lives. This study aims to develop a Problem-Based Learning (PBL)-based E-LKPD assisted by Liveworksheets that is valid, effective, and attractive for use in Pancasila Education learning for fourth-grade students at SDN Pejagan 5 Bangkalan. This research employed Research and Development (R&D) using the 4D model, which consists of the Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. The research subjects included material experts, instructional design experts, teaching material experts, and fourth-grade students at SDN Pejagan 5. Data were collected through interviews, observations, questionnaires, and tests. The data were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative techniques to determine the validity, effectiveness, and attractiveness of the product. The results showed that the developed PBL-based E-LKPD met the “very valid” criteria, with validation percentages of 87.50% from the teaching material expert, 82.50% from the instructional design expert, and 85.00% from the content expert. The product was also declared highly effective, indicated by a 100% classical learning completeness rate and an N-Gain score of 0.80 in the high category. In addition, the product was categorized as “very attractive” based on teacher response (100%) and student responses (93%). Therefore, the Problem-Based Learning (PBL)-based E-LKPD assisted by Liveworksheets on the topic of rights and obligations for fourth-grade students at SDN Pejagan 5 Bangkalan is considered valid, effective, and attractive, and is feasible to be used as a learning material in Pancasila Education.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Diorama pada Mata Pelajaran IPAS Materi Metamorfosis Kelas III SDN 1 Lembahsari Tahun Ajaran 2025/2026
This study aimed to develop a diorama learning media for the Science and Social Studies (IPAS) subject on the topic of metamorphosis for third-grade students at SDN 1 Lembahsari and to determine its feasibility and practicality. The study was motivated by the limited use of instructional media capable of visualizing the metamorphosis process concretely, making it difficult for students to understand the concept. The developed product was a metamorphosis diorama equipped with a wooden storage box and a user guide. This research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the Sugiyono (2013) development model. The research stages included identifying potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product testing, product revision, and final product development. The research subjects consisted of the third-grade teacher and students of SDN 1 Lembahsari. Data were collected through validation questionnaires completed by media experts and material experts, as well as response questionnaires from teachers and students. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative analysis. The results indicated that the developed diorama learning media achieved a feasibility score of 93.75% from the media expert and 88.8% from the material expert, both categorized as very feasible. The practicality test showed a teacher response score of 94.6% and a student response score of 96.93%, both categorized as very practical. Therefore, the developed diorama learning media on metamorphosis is considered feasible and practical for use in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) learning for third-grade elementary school students.
Penerapan Modul Ajar Berbasis Pendekatan Deep Learning untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPAS Kelas 5
This study was motivated by the low student achievement in the 5th-grade IPAS subject at SDN 2 Sandubaya. The purpose of this study was to improve student achievement through the implementation of a teaching module based on the deep learning approach. This study was a Classroom Action Research (CAR) project conducted in three cycles, with each cycle consisting of four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were 25 fifth-grade students. Data were collected through achievement tests, observations, and documentation. The results showed that student achievement improved in each cycle. In Cycle I, the achievement rate reached 64%, increased to 72% in Cycle II, and rose further to 88% in Cycle III, exceeding the established success indicators. Thus, it can be concluded that the implementation of a deep learning-based instructional module is effective in improving the IPAS learning outcomes of fifth-grade students. This effectiveness stems from the fact that the deep learning approach fosters students’ understanding in a mindful, meaningful, and joyful learning.
Pengaruh Model Quick on the Draw Berbasis Media Troley Belanja terhadap Kemampuan Numerasi Matematika Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Elementary school students' mathematical numeracy skills remain a significant concern, as indicated by difficulties in understanding numerical information, developing problem-solving strategies, and applying mathematical concepts in everyday life. Teacher-centered learning has limited students' active participation, highlighting the need for a more engaging and contextual learning model. This study aimed to determine the effect and effectiveness of the Quick on the Draw learning model based on shopping trolley media on the mathematical numeracy skills of fifth-grade elementary school students. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design. The sample consisted of 59 students, including 28 students in the control class and 31 students in the experimental class, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and pretest and posttest assessments, and were analyzed using normality and homogeneity tests, an independent samples t-test, and N-Gain analysis. The results showed a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating a significant difference in numeracy skills between the two groups. The mean score of the experimental class increased from 45.1 to 88.1, with an N-Gain score of 80.23%, which was categorized as effective. In contrast, the control class obtained an N-Gain score of 18.86%, which was categorized as ineffective. Therefore, the Quick on the Draw learning model based on shopping trolley media was proven to have a significant and effective impact on improving the mathematical numeracy skills of fifth-grade elementary school students.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Pancasila pada Materi Keberagaman Sosial dan Budaya melalui Media Pembelajaran Ular Tangga
Low student participation during the learning process and the limited use of interactive learning media have resulted in learning outcomes in Pancasila Education, particularly on the topic of social and cultural diversity, not meeting the Minimum Learning Achievement Criteria (KKTP). This study aimed to improve students' learning outcomes in Pancasila Education on the topic of social and cultural diversity through the use of a Snakes and Ladders learning media for fourth-grade students of SD Negeri 002 Samarinda Kota. The study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The research subjects were 32 fourth-grade students. Data were collected through observation, tests, and documentation, while quantitative data analysis was carried out by calculating the percentage of students achieving mastery learning. The findings revealed a consistent improvement in students' learning outcomes across the cycles. In the pre-cycle, the average learning outcome score was 65, with a mastery learning percentage of 31.25%. After implementing the Snakes and Ladders learning media in Cycle I, the average score increased to 73.75, with a mastery percentage of 65.62%. Further improvement was observed in Cycle II, where the average score reached 82.28 and the mastery percentage increased to 81.25%. These findings indicate that the success criterion of the study was achieved, as at least 75% of the students obtained a score of 75 or higher, in accordance with the school's KKTP. Therefore, the Snakes and Ladders learning media is effective in improving students' learning outcomes in Pancasila Education on the topic of social and cultural diversity at the elementary school level.
The Effect of Using Padlet in Think-Pair-Share Strategy on EFL Senior High School Students’ Reading Comprehension and Critical Thinking Skills
This study was conducted to investigate the impact of integrating Padlet into the Think-Pair-Share strategy on EFL senior high school students’ reading comprehension and critical thinking skills. A pre-experimental design employing a one-group pretest-posttest approach was used in this study. The participants consisted of 36 tenth-grade students selected from one intact class at a senior high school in Bali. Data were collected through a pretest and a posttest and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics. The findings revealed that the mean posttest score (82.19) was higher than the mean pretest score (62.47). Furthermore, the paired-samples t-test indicated a statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores (Sig. (2-tailed) = .000 < .05). These findings suggest that the implementation of Padlet-integrated Think-Pair-Share was associated with improvements in students’ reading comprehension and critical thinking skills. However, because the study employed a one-group pretest-posttest design without a control group, the findings should be interpreted with caution, and the observed improvements cannot be attributed solely to the treatment. Future studies employing more rigorous experimental designs with control groups are recommended to provide stronger evidence regarding the effectiveness of this instructional approach.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Board Game Monopoli terhadap Peningkatan Pemahaman Materi Norma pada Siswa Kelas V SDN 1 Cengal
Norms are one of the essential topics in Pancasila Education, as they help students develop responsible attitudes and appropriate behavior in their daily lives. However, conventional teaching methods often make it difficult for students to understand and apply the concept of norms effectively. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of using Monopoly board game media on fifth-grade students' understanding of norms at Cengal 1 Public Elementary School. This study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with an unequal control group design. The population consisted of 59 fifth-grade students, comprising 33 students in the experimental class and 26 students in the control class. Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 27, including normality, homogeneity, independent samples t-test, and N-Gain analyses. The results showed that the experimental class achieved a higher average post-test score (82.30) than the control class (69.85). Furthermore, the independent samples t-test yielded a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating that the use of Monopoly board game media had a significant effect on improving students' understanding of norms. The N-Gain analysis revealed that the experimental class obtained an average N-Gain score of 71.20%, which was categorized as moderately effective, whereas the control class achieved an average score of 51.82%, categorized as less effective. Therefore, the Monopoly board game media was proven to be effective in enhancing students' understanding of norms and can serve as a creative and engaging learning medium for Pancasila Education in elementary schools.
Penerapan Strategi See Think Wonder untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Materi Buku Fiksi dan Nonfiksi Kelas VII SMPN 1 Masbagik
This study aims to improve students’ critical thinking skills through the application of the See, Think, Wonder strategy in Indonesian language learning on fiction and nonfiction books. The research was conducted based on initial observations indicating that students’ critical thinking skills were relatively low, particularly in observing information, analyzing reading content, expressing logical opinions, and drawing conclusions. This Classroom Action Research employed a qualitative descriptive approach supported by quantitative data and was conducted in two cycles involving planning, action, observation, and reflection. The participants were Grade VII students of SMPN 1 Masbagik in the 2025/2026 academic year. Data were collected through observation, tests, and documentation. The findings revealed that the See, Think, Wonder strategy improved students’ critical thinking skills, as reflected in their enhanced ability to observe, question, analyze information, express logical opinions, and draw conclusions based on evidence. Students’ learning outcomes on fiction and nonfiction book materials also improved across the two cycles. The study concludes that the See, Think, Wonder strategy is effective in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills and learning outcomes in Indonesian language learning.
Implementasi Kegiatan Pentas Seni dalam Mengembangkan Minat dan Bakat Murid di SD Negeri 6 Selong
This study aims to describe the implementation of performing arts activities and introduce them to develop talents and foster student interest at Selong 6 Public Elementary School. The study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive approach. Subjects included the principal, teachers, and students, selected purposively. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model, which includes data condensation, data presentation, and conclusions. The results indicate that performing arts activities are held routinely every Wednesday, featuring student representatives from each class. This activity provides students with the opportunity to showcase their talents and interests. In addition to developing talent and fostering interest, performing arts also enhances self-confidence, creativity, communication skills, and cooperation among students. Challenges faced include a lack of self-confidece among some students and limited supporting facilities. The school’s efforts include providing motivation, mentoring, ongoing practice, and optimizing the use of available facilities. Thus, performing arts activities are an effective school program in supporting the optimal development of student potential.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Media Kartu Kata Bergambar berbasis Budaya Lokal terhadap Keterampilan Membaca Permulaan Murid Kelas II SDN Gugus 5 Kecamatan Praya
Early reading skills are one of the most important skills for students in elementary school. However, in reality, many students are still unable to master this early reading skill. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using picture word cards based on local culture on the early reading skills of second-grade students of Elementary School Gugus 5, Praya District. This study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design of the Nonequivalent Control Group Design type. The research subjects consisted of all second-grade students of Elementary School Bunsalak and Elementary School Jago, totaling 78 people. The data collection technique used an early reading skills performance test. Data were analyzed using prerequisite tests, hypothesis tests, and N-Gain tests. Hypothesis testing was carried out using an independent sample t-test which showed a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.001 <0.05, which means there is a significant difference between the experimental class and the control class. Then, seen from the results of the N-Gain test of 0.57, it is in the moderate category. Based on this, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which shows that the use of local culture-based picture word cards is effective in improving the early reading skills of second-grade students at SDN Gugus 5, Praya District.
Pengembangan LKPD IPAS Berbasis Problem Based Learning Materi Perubahan Iklim di Kelas IV UPTD SDN Demangan 1 Bangkalan
Science and Social Studies (IPAS) learning on the topic of climate change requires instructional materials that actively engage students in solving contextual problems. This study aimed to determine the validity, effectiveness, and attractiveness of an IPAS Student Worksheet (LKPD) based on the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on climate change material for fourth-grade elementary school students. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D development model, which consists of the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The research subjects were fourth-grade students of UPTD SDN Demangan 1 Bangkalan in the 2025/2026 academic year. The research instruments included expert validation sheets, teacher and student activity observation sheets, learning achievement tests, and teacher and student response questionnaires. The results indicated that the developed LKPD met the criteria of being valid, effective, and highly attractive. The validity scores were 77% from instructional material experts, 77% from subject matter experts, and 94% from instructional design experts. The effectiveness was demonstrated by teacher activity scores of 84.5% in the limited trial and 88.5% in the implementation trial, student activity scores of 81.5% and 81%, and classical learning mastery of 100% and 89%, respectively. The attractiveness of the product was reflected in teacher response scores of 100% and student response scores of 92% in the limited trial and 93% in the implementation trial. Therefore, the PBL-based IPAS Student Worksheet is feasible for use in elementary school IPAS learning.
Environmental and Technological Dimensions of Sustainable Rice Farming Practices in Jonggat Subdistrict, Central Lombok Regency
This study aims to analyze the environmental and technological dimensions of sustainable rice farming practices among rice farming communities in Jonggat Subdistrict, Central Lombok Regency. The research focuses on the integration of cultivation technologies, post-harvest processing, environmental sustainability practices, and the strengthening of farmer institutions to support sustainable agriculture. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed through field observations, in-depth interviews with 20 farmers, and secondary data analysis. Strategic analysis was conducted using the SWOT approach. The results indicate that the adoption of technologies such as the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), organic fertilizers, and the jajar legowo planting system can increase rice productivity by approximately 5–10%. Furthermore, these environmentally friendly agricultural practices contribute to improved soil quality, reduced dependence on chemical fertilizers, enhanced water-use efficiency, and lower greenhouse gas emissions, thereby supporting sustainable environmental management. Nevertheless, technology adoption remains constrained by limited capital, low technological literacy, and continued dependence on subsidized chemical fertilizers. Therefore, strategic efforts such as agricultural digitization, strengthening farmer institutions, continuous extension services, and the development of healthy food certification systems are recommended to improve environmental sustainability and increase the economic value of agricultural products.
Pengembangan Media Flashcard Bermuatan Kuliner Sasak pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Materi Menulis Teks Deskriptif Siswa Kelas IV SDN 1 Aikmel
This research was motivated by the low descriptive text writing skills among fourth-grade students at SDN 1 Aikmel due to monotonous learning methods and a lack of visual media. Initial observations showed that students struggled to select appropriate vocabulary, arrange coherent sentences, and develop ideas into complete descriptive texts, while teachers relied mainly on lecture-based instruction and student worksheets (LKS). This study aimed to describe the prototype, validity, practicality, and effectiveness of flashcard media embedded with Sasak culinary themes. Using the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation), this study involved fourth-grade students at SDN 1 Aikmel as subjects. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, tests (pretest-posttest), and documentation, and then analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods. The results showed that the developed flashcard media was highly valid, scoring 92% from instrument experts and 83% from media experts. The media was also deemed practical, achieving response rates of 85.45% from students and 80% from teachers. Furthermore, the media proved effective in improving students' writing skills, as indicated by an increase in test scores from a pretest range of 40–72 to a posttest range of 76–96, with an N-gain score of 0.5–0.8 (moderate to high category). It can be concluded that the flashcard media embedded with Sasak culinary themes is valid, practical, and effective in enhancing descriptive text writing skills while supporting the preservation of local wisdom through contextual learning.
Strategi Pengembangan Agrowisata Berkelanjutan di Kawasan Waduk Batujai, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah
Batujai Dam Reservoir is a vital water resource infrastructure in Central Lombok Regency with significant potential as a sustainable agrotourism destination; however, its development remains suboptimal. This study aims to identify internal and external factors and formulate sustainable agrotourism development strategies in the Batujai Reservoir Area to support environmental conservation, local economic development, and sustainable regional management. A qualitative-descriptive approach with SWOT analysis was employed through in-depth interviews, field observations, and questionnaires directed at local communities and stakeholders. Results indicate that key strengths include the scenic reservoir landscape, local agricultural activities, and strategic positioning as a gateway to the Mandalika Special Economic Zone. Main weaknesses encompass limited tourism infrastructure and low human resource capacity in tourism management. Opportunities include growing trends in educational nature-based tourism and supportive government policies, while the primary threats are environmental degradation and competition from other tourist destinations. The SWOT matrix yielded four strategic groups: SO (integrated agrotourism package development based on local potential), WO (tourism infrastructure development and human resource capacity building), ST (carrying-capacity-based environmental management), and WT (regulatory and institutional strengthening). The priority strategy is integrated agrotourism development emphasizing education, conservation, and local community empowerment. The proposed strategy also promotes sustainable utilization of natural resources, protection of reservoir ecosystem functions, and enhancement of environmental awareness among local communities and visitors. These findings provide empirical contributions to sustainable tourism destination planning in reservoir-based areas across Indonesia.
Ekonomi Sirkular dalam Pengelolaan Persampahan Berkelanjutan: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis tentang Tata Kelola Lingkungan dan Partisipasi Masyarakat
Background: The increasing global waste volume reaching 2.01 billion tons per year demands a paradigm transformation in waste management from a linear model toward a circular economy approach. Purpose: This study aims to analyze global trends in the application of circular economy in waste management, identify the roles of environmental governance and community participation, and formulate an evidence-based implementation model for West Lombok Regency. Method: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted on 47 selected articles from Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and DOAJ databases (2016-2025) using the PRISMA protocol. Thematic analysis and narrative synthesis were employed. Findings: Three main themes were identified: (1) circular economy research trends show significant growth since 2019, focusing on waste valorization and zero waste strategies; (2) the effectiveness of environmental governance and community participation proved to increase waste management success by up to 68%; (3) a sustainable waste management model for West Lombok requires the integration of local policies, institutional capacity, and active community engagement. Conclusion: Circular economy offers a robust conceptual framework for waste management transformation, yet its success heavily depends on policy support and community participation. Implication: The findings provide strategic recommendations for the West Lombok local government in formulating inclusive and sustainable waste management policies based on circular economy principles.
Developing Augmented Reality Based Worksheets (LKPD) to Improve Learning Outcomes of Culinary Industry Kitchen Equipment Materials
This research was conducted to evaluate the development process, feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of implementing an Augmented Reality (AR) based Student Worksheet (LKPD) focused on Culinary Industry Kitchen Equipment for 10th grade culinary students at SMK Widya Praja Ungaran. The study was initiated due to the limited visual representation of expensive laboratory equipment and a reliance on conventional, static worksheets that do not fully align with modern industry standards. Utilizing a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), data were gathered via expert evaluation sheets, student feedback questionnaires, and learning achievement assessments measured through pre-tests and post-tests from 69 participants divided into experimental and control classes. The findings revealed that the development successfully combined printed worksheet with an Android-compatible AR app created via Unity and Vuforia SDK. Content and media experts rated the learning media as highly feasible, scoring 94.58% and 90.00% respectively. Moreover, a student questionnaire score of 88.89% confirmed its high practicality. The effectiveness analysis through an Independent Samples T-Test showed a significance value of 0.000 (Sig. < 0.05), proving a substantial gap in performance between both groups. The experimental group achieved a high average Normalized Gain (N-Gain) score of 0.72, surpassing the control group's score of 0.23. In conclusion, the AR integrated LKPD is validated as a viable, practical, and effective educational medium for advancing students' cognitive performance in industrial kitchen equipment topic.
Analisis Tantangan Pembentukan Karakter Siswa Sekolah Dasar melalui Media Sosial
The rapid growth of TikTok has created challenges in shaping the character of elementary school students in the digital era. This study investigates teachers' challenges, character-building strategies, and the character values most affected by TikTok use at SDIT Muhammadiyah Cepiring Kendal. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed involving sixth-grade teachers, TikTok user students, and parents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model, while data validity was ensured through source and method triangulation. The findings indicate that TikTok influences students' character development, particularly discipline, religiosity, and social care. Discipline was the most affected value, reflected in poor time management and delayed schoolwork. Religious character declined through reduced consistency in worship, while social care weakened as students showed less interaction and concern for others. Teachers addressed these challenges through character habituation, supervision of social media use, guidance, and collaboration with parents. Despite these challenges, TikTok can also promote creativity and digital literacy when used responsibly.
Pengaruh Model Project Based Learning Terintegrasi Musik Tong-Tong terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas V SDIT Ulil Albab Kamal Bangkalan
The challenges of 21st-century education require students to possess strong critical thinking skills; however, science learning in schools is often still theoretical and detached from the students' local cultural context. This study aimed to analyze the influence of the Tong-tong music-integrated Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model on the critical thinking skills of fifth-grade students regarding sound wave material. The research method employed was a quasi-experimental approach with a non-equivalent control group design. Data were collected using validated critical thinking skill test instruments. The results of hypothesis testing using the Independent Sample T-Test showed a significance value of 0.011 (< 0.05), indicating that there was a significant effect of the implementation of the Project Based Learning model integrated with tong-tong music on students’ critical thinking skills. The integration of tong-tong music as a form of local culture in learning helped create a more contextual learning experience and actively engaged students in the learning process.
Analisis Metode Proyek Kegiatan 3M (Mewarnai, Menggunting, dan Menempel) dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Halus Anak Usia di TK IT Qur’an
Fine motor skills are an essential aspect of early childhood development, as they are closely related to hand-eye coordination, writing readiness, and the ability to perform daily activities. However, in kindergarten learning practices, some children still experience difficulties in controlling finger and hand movements. Therefore, creative and engaging learning methods are needed, one of which is the project-based 3M activity method (coloring, cutting, and pasting). This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the 3M project activity method in improving the fine motor skills of early childhood learners at TK IT Qur'an Kisaran. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach. The research participants consisted of 15 children in Group B of TK IT Qur'an Kisaran, including 7 boys and 8 girls. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation, and were analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings revealed that the implementation of the 3M project activity method gradually improved children's fine motor skills. The children became more proficient in holding writing tools, using scissors correctly, and arranging picture patterns through pasting activities. In addition, they demonstrated greater participation, motivation, and enthusiasm during the learning process. It can therefore be concluded that the 3M project activity method is effective in enhancing the fine motor skills of early childhood learners at TK IT Qur'an Kisaran.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan melalui Media Kartu Kata Bergambar pada Anak Kelompok B di RA Al-Hadda
One of the efforts to develop children's potential and abilities is for teachers to possess the skills to provide appropriate stimulation across all developmental domains. One instructional medium that can be used to improve early reading skills is picture word cards. This study aimed to improve the early reading skills of Group B children at RA Al Hadda, Tanjung Morawa District, through the use of picture word cards. The research employed a collaborative Classroom Action Research (CAR) design, conducted jointly by the researcher and the Group B classroom teacher at RA Al Hadda, Tanjung Morawa. Data were collected through observation and documentation. The results indicated that the use of picture word cards effectively improved the early reading skills of Group B children. This improvement was demonstrated by the increase in children's reading achievement across the research cycles. During the pre-action stage, the average achievement score was 42.59%. It increased by 25.75% to 68.34% in Cycle I, and further improved by 27.23% from Cycle I to Cycle II, reaching a final score of 95.57% in Cycle II. These findings demonstrate that picture word cards are an effective instructional medium for enhancing the early reading skills of Group B children at RA Al Hadda, Tanjung Morawa.
Pengembangan LKPD Berbasis Discovery Learning pada Materi Perubahan Wujud Zat Kelas IV UPTD di SDN Pejagan 1
Science learning on the topic of changes in the states of matter in elementary schools requires teaching materials that actively engage students in constructing knowledge through direct observation, experimentation, and concept discovery. However, the student worksheets commonly used in classrooms mainly consist of practice questions and have not optimally facilitated students' active participation in the learning process. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a Discovery Learning-Based Student Worksheet (LKPD) for Grade IV students at UPTD SDN Pejagan 1. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the 4D model, consisting of the Define, Design, Development, and Disseminate stages. The validity of the developed LKPD was evaluated by teaching material, material, and instructional design experts, while its practicality and effectiveness were assessed through limited and implementation trials involving teachers and students. The validation results demonstrated that the LKPD achieved scores of 83.33% from teaching material experts, 78.84% from material experts, and 95% from instructional design experts, indicating that the product met the validity criteria. Practicality testing showed excellent results, with teacher observation scores increasing from 97% in the limited trial to 100% in the implementation trial, while student observation scores improved from 93% to 95%, reflecting the ease of use and successful implementation of the LKPD in classroom learning. Furthermore, the effectiveness evaluation revealed 100% classical learning mastery in both trials, accompanied by highly positive student responses of 94% and 96%, indicating that the LKPD successfully enhanced student engagement, supported concept discovery, and facilitated meaningful learning experiences. These findings demonstrate that the Discovery Learning-Based LKPD is valid, practical, and effective for supporting science learning on changes in the states of matter in elementary schools.
Penerapan Media Pop-Up Book Digital Berbasis Etnosains untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Sains Siswa Kelas IV Mata Pelajaran IPAS SD Muhammadiyah Lamongan
The low science literacy of Grade IV students at SD Muhammadiyah Lamongan served as the background of this study. Initial observations revealed that only 30% of students met the Learning Objective Achievement Criteria (KKTP), while the media used were still limited to Canva, PowerPoint, and simple videos that lacked interactivity. This study aimed to describe teacher activity, student activity, and the improvement of science literacy through the implementation of ethnoscience-based digital Pop-Up Book media in the IPAS subject. This study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design conducted in two cycles, involving 20 students of Grade IV D at SD Muhammadiyah Lamongan. Data were collected through teacher and student activity observation sheets, as well as essay-based science literacy tests. The results showed significant improvements across all measured aspects. Teacher activity increased from 52% in Cycle I to 91% in Cycle II. Student activity increased from 55% in Cycle I to 92% in Cycle II. Students' science literacy achievement rose from 40% in Cycle I to 85% in Cycle II. It is therefore concluded that the implementation of ethnoscience-based digital Pop-Up Book media effectively improves the science literacy of Grade IV students in the IPAS subject at SD Muhammadiyah Lamongan.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Digital Menggunakan Heyzine Flipbook untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik pada Materi Gotong Royong di Lingkungan Sekitar
Development of Digital Instructional Materials Using Heyzine Flipbook to Improve Students’ Learning Motivation on the Topic of Mutual Cooperation in the Surrounding Environment. Students' learning motivation in the topic of Mutual Cooperation in the Surrounding Environment was found to be relatively low. Based on the results of the initial classroom observations, this condition was indicated by students' low enthusiasm during the learning process, the limited use of digital teaching materials, and the predominance of conventional teaching methods. Therefore, this study aimed to develop digital teaching materials using heyzine flipbook and examine their feasibility and effectiveness for elementary school learning. This study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The research subjects consisted of 36 fifth-grade students of SD Negeri Kracak 01, selected using a random sampling technique. The research instruments included expert validation sheets (content, language, and media), teacher and student response questionnaires, and a learning motivation questionnaire. The validation results showed average scores of 98% from the content expert, 86% from the language expert, and 98% from the media expert, indicating that the product was highly feasible. The limited field trial showed teacher responses of 98% and student responses of 88.6%, both categorized as highly practical. The N-Gain analysis yielded an average score of 0.71, which falls into the high category. Therefore, the digital teaching materials developed using heyzine flipbook were found to be feasible, practical, and effective in improving the learning motivation of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri Kracak 01.
Pendugaan Potensi Air Tanah di Jorong Siparayo, Nagari Malampah Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Konfigurasi Wenner
Jorong Siparayo, Nagari Malampah, relies on groundwater as its primary source of clean water due to limited surface water availability. Following the 2022 earthquake, damage to the water supply infrastructure increased the community's dependence on shallow dug wells and boreholes equipped with pumping systems, while information on aquifer distribution and groundwater potential remains limited. This study aims to identify aquifer zones and assess groundwater potential using the Wenner array. Primary geoelectrical data were acquired using the Automatic Resistivity System (ARES) and processed using the Least-Squares inversion method in Res2DInv software. Data interpretation integrated regional geological information with reference resistivity values to infer subsurface lithology and groundwater potential. The results indicate that aquifer zones are characterized by resistivity values of 20–90 Ωm, corresponding to water-saturated sand and gravel layers at depths of approximately 4–32 m. Several aquifer zones are interpreted as confined aquifers, suggesting potential for artesian well development. This study contributes by providing an interpretation of confined aquifer zones through the integration of geoelectrical resistivity data and regional geological information as a basis for estimating the potential for artesian wells.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah dengan Pendekatan Deep Learning untuk Meningkatkan Penalaran Ilmiah Siswa pada Materi Suhu dan Kalor
This quantitative study aims to determine the improvement and effectiveness of a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model using a Deep Learning approach on students’ scientific reasoning regarding the topics of temperature and heat. A pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach was applied in this study. The sample consisted of 36 11th-grade MIPA students at a public high school in Bandung, selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a scientific reasoning test adapted from the Lawson Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning (LCTSR), which had been tailored to the subject matter. The results showed a significant improvement in scientific reasoning, with the average pretest score increasing from 28.31 to 58.61 on the posttest, and achieving an average N-gain score of 0.43 (moderate category). The greatest improvement occurred in the correlational aspect (N-gain = 0.54), followed by proportional (0.49), hypothesis-deductive (0.44), probabilistic (0.42), conservation (0.36), and variable control (0.25). Furthermore, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test confirmed that this model is significantly effective (Z = -5.242, p < 0.001). These findings indicate that the Problem-Based Learning model with a Deep Learning approach enhances scientific reasoning by promoting active inquiry and reflective thinking. It was concluded that the implemented learning model effectively improves students’ scientific reasoning, particularly in analyzing relationships between variables in physics concepts.
Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Life Loop pada Materi Siklus Hidup Makhluk Hidup Kelas III di SDN Junganyar 2 Socah
The learning process of science (IPAS) in elementary schools still faces several challenges, particularly in teaching abstract concepts such as the life cycle of living things, which often result in low student engagement and learning outcomes. In addition, the limited use of interactive digital learning media has made it difficult for teachers to create meaningful and student-centered learning experiences. This study aims to: (1) develop a valid Life Loop interactive multimedia based on the results of the validation questionnaire; (2) develop an effective Life Loop interactive multimedia reviewed from the learning outcomes and the results of observations of teacher and student activities; and (3) develop an interesting Life Loop interactive multimedia based on teacher and student response questionnaires. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) development method with the ADDIE research model with 32 students as research subjects. The results of the study show that the interactive multimedia developed is included in the very valid category, with validation results from media experts of 95%, material experts of 82%, and learning design experts of 87%. The effectiveness of interactive multimedia is proven through large group trials, where the results of observations of teacher activities obtained a percentage of 100% with an active category, while student activities reached 96.80% with an active category. In addition, the results of the evaluation test showed that 27 students who took the test had achieved individual learning completion. The level of interactive multimedia interest is also very high, as shown by the results of the teacher response questionnaire of 98.33% and the student response of 95.46%, both of which are included in the very interesting category. Based on the overall results, the Life Loop interactive multimedia is declared suitable for use in science (IPAS) learning for Grade III students at SDN Junganyar 2 Socah Bangkalan on the topic of the life cycle of living things.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Papan Warna terhadap Kemampuan Mengklasifikasikan Warna bagi Anak Kelompok A di RA Darussalam
The ability to classify colors is one of the cognitive skills that should be developed in early childhood. However, learning activities at RA Darussalam still rely on conventional media, which provide limited opportunities for children to actively classify colors through meaningful learning experiences. This study aims to determine the effect of using color board media on the ability to classify colors in Group A children at RA Darussalam. This study employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method using a one-group pre-test post-test design. The research subjects were all 20 children in Group A at RA Darussalam. Data were collected through observation and tests using observation sheet instruments. Data analysis was conducted using the normality test and the paired sample t-test. The results showed that the use of color board media significantly improved children's ability to classify colors, as indicated by an increase in the mean score from 49.7 in the pre-test to 73.3 in the post-test. The normality test indicated that both pre-test and post-test data were normally distributed, with significance values of 0.200 (> 0.05). Furthermore, the paired sample t-test showed a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of less than 0.05, indicating that H₀ was rejected and Hₐ was accepted. The findings also revealed that the use of color board media increased children's activeness, enthusiasm, and understanding of color concepts through concrete and enjoyable learning activities.
Penerapan Model Project-Based Learning dengan Pendekatan STEAM untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Materi Energi Alternatif
Critical thinking is recognized as a fundamental competency among the essential skills required in the 21st century. However, students' critical thinking skills have not yet developed optimally, highlighting the need for instructional models that actively engage students throughout the learning process. One approach to fostering active student engagement is the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model integrated with the STEAM approach. This study employed a quantitative quasi-experimental method using a pretest–posttest non-equivalent control group design. The sample consisted of 62 tenth-grade students from a public senior high school in Bandung, Indonesia. The research instrument comprised nine essay questions designed to assess students' critical thinking skills. The data were analyzed using the normalized gain (N-Gain) to determine the improvement in critical thinking skills, while the Mann–Whitney U test was employed to examine the effect of the instructional model. The findings revealed that the improvement in students' critical thinking skills in the experimental class was higher than that of the control class, with N-Gain scores of 0.471 and 0.342, respectively, both of which were classified as moderate. Furthermore, the Mann–Whitney U test at the 5% significance level indicated a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Project-Based Learning model integrated with the STEAM approach has a significant positive effect on improving students' critical thinking skills in the topic of Alternative Energy.
Pengembangan Media Flashcard Materi Makanan Bergizi Seimbang untuk Siswa Kelas IV di SDN 26 Mataram
Students' understanding of balanced nutrition remains relatively low because learning is still supported by limited instructional media that are less interactive. Therefore, developing an engaging learning medium is necessary to help students understand balanced nutrition concepts more effectively. This study aims to determine the validity and practicality of flashcard media for teaching balanced nutrition to Grade IV students of SDN 26 Mataram. The method used in this study is Research and Development (R&D) with a 4D model consisting of define, design, develop, and disseminate. The subjects in this study were 30 Grade IV students and one teacher of SDN 26 Mataram. The object of this study was flashcard media designed to assist students in understanding balanced nutrition material through the use of traditional Sasak food examples and educational games. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive qualitative and quantitative. Data were collected using observation sheets, interview sheets, preliminary understanding tests, validity questionnaires, and practicality questionnaires. The results showed that the media expert validation score was 81.25%, categorized as fairly valid, while the material expert validation score was 100%, categorized as very valid. The practicality level based on student responses in Trial I was 92.5%, categorized as very practical, and in Trial II was 98.13%, categorized as very practical. Furthermore, based on teacher responses in Trial I, the practicality score was 95.31%, categorized as very practical, and in Trial II, the practicality score was 98.44%, categorized as very practical. Based on these results, the developed flashcard media was categorized as very valid and very practical, indicating that it can be used as a learning medium for teaching balanced nutrition to Grade IV students of SDN 26 Mataram.
Analisis Solusi dan Kontribusi terhadap Pemecahan Masalah di Lingkungan Sekolah
Problems in the school environment are one of the challenges in education that can affect the quality of the learning process and the achievement of educational goals. These problems are not only related to academic aspects, but also include learning motivation, student discipline, behavior, and social interaction in the school environment. Low learning motivation and less optimal learning processes are some of the problems that are still often found in educational activities.This study aims to examine the contributions of various parties in helping to solve problems that occur in schools. The method used is library research by collecting and analyzing various sources such as educational books, scientific journals, and literature related to learning, character education, and classroom management.The results of the study show that problems in schools are influenced by internal and external factors, such as family, school, community environment, and technological developments. Teachers act as guides and motivators, students as active subjects in learning, parents as supporters of education at home, and schools and communities as supporters in creating a conducive learning environment. Therefore, cooperation among all elements of education is very necessary to improve the quality of education as a whole.
Studi Persebaran dan Keterjangkauan Fasilitas Kesehatan di Kota Surakarta Tahun 2025
The availability of health facilities that are evenly distributed and easily accessible is an important factor in supporting public health services. This study aims to analyze the distribution and accessibility of healthcare facilities in Surakarta City in 2025 using a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach. The research employs a quantitative method with a census approach to all hospitals and community health centers in Surakarta City. Spatial data were obtained from the Geospatial Information Agency (BIG), Google Earth, and the Surakarta City Health Office, and then analyzed using spatial mapping and the Multiple Ring Buffer method on ArcGIS. The research results show that the distribution of hospitals has a clustered pattern and is concentrated in the Laweyan, Banjarsari, Jebres, and Pasar Kliwon sub-districts, while community health centers are more evenly distributed across all sub-districts. Accessibility analysis shows that the central area of Surakarta City has a higher level of hospital accessibility compared to the peripheral areas due to the concentration of healthcare facilities and a better transportation network. Although most areas are within the coverage of hospital services, there are still some areas in the northern, eastern, and southern parts of the city that are in the outermost reach zone. The research results show that the spatial distribution of healthcare facilities affects the level of accessibility to public health services in the city of Surakarta.
Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Pada Materi Gaya di Sekitar Kita untuk Siswa Kelas IV di SDS Islam Al-Furqon Pamekasan
This study was motivated by the low level of students' interest and attention during the learning process, which was attributed to the use of learning media that were insufficiently engaging, lacked interactivity, and supported predominantly teacher-centered instruction, causing students to become easily bored and less actively involved in classroom learning. Therefore, this study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach to develop interactive multimedia on the topic of Forces in Our Surroundings for fourth-grade students at SDS Islam Al-Furqon Pamekasan. The development process adopted the 4D model, consisting of the Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. The resulting product was an interactive multimedia application integrating learning materials, visualizations, and formative assessments to support the learning process. The feasibility of the product was determined through expert validation. The validation results indicated that the interactive multimedia achieved valid to highly valid categories, with scores of 92% from the instructional design expert, 83% from the material expert, 78% from the language expert, and 96% from the media expert. The effectiveness of the multimedia was demonstrated through teacher and student activities during the learning process. In the limited trial, teacher activity reached 96.15% and student activity reached 88.70%, while in the implementation trial, teacher activity remained at 96.15% and student activity increased to 94.40%. In addition, student learning outcomes showed a 100% mastery rate. The attractiveness of the multimedia also received highly positive responses. Student response questionnaire results reached 88.93% in the limited trial and increased to 97.49% in the implementation trial. These findings indicate that the developed interactive multimedia is feasible, effective, and attractive for use in teaching the topic of Forces in Our Surroundings in elementary schools.
Efektivitas Model Learning Cycle 7E Berbantuan Media Pop-Up Book Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep IPAS Siswa Kelas IV SD 4 Dersalam
This study was motivated by students’ low conceptual understanding in science education. The study aimed to examine the difference in mean pretest and posttest scores after implementing the 7E Learning Cycle model aided by a Pop-Up Book, as well as to determine the improvement in students’ conceptual understanding through the N-Gain test. The study employed a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The study subjects consisted of 24 fourth-grade students at SD 4 Dersalam, selected using saturation sampling. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed using normality tests, the Paired Sample t-test, and the N-Gain test. The results showed that the 7E Learning Cycle model supported by Pop-Up Book media had a significant effect on students’ conceptual understanding of IPAS. The results indicated that students’ average scores increased from 60.9 on the pretest to 85.8 on the posttest. The N-Gain test result of 0.6461 falls into the moderate category with an effectiveness of 64.6% (moderately effective). These findings indicate that the 7E Learning Cycle model supported by Pop-Up Book media can serve as an alternative learning approach to enhance students’ understanding of IPAS concepts and support active, meaningful, and student-centered learning.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik melalui Penggunaan Media Video Animasi pada Materi Sistem Pernapasan Manusia di Kelas V SDN Rawamangun
Critical thinking skills are essential competencies in 21st-century learning; however, many elementary school students still experience difficulties in analyzing information, evaluating evidence, drawing conclusions, and explaining their reasoning during science learning. This study aimed to describe the implementation of animated video media and improve students’ critical thinking skills in learning the human respiratory system in Grade V-C of SDN Rawamangun 02. The study employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) using the Kemmis and McTaggart model, conducted from April to May 2026 in three cycles involving 30 students. Data were collected through observation, written tests, interviews, and documentation and were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques. The results showed that the implementation of animated video media was carried out effectively, as indicated by the improvement in teacher performance from 75.00% in Cycle I to 95.00% in Cycle III. Students’ critical thinking skills also improved, as reflected in the observation results, which increased from 57.14% to 89.29%, and in the written test results, which increased from 50.00% to 86.67%. The improvement was evident in the aspects of analysis, evaluation, inference, and explanation. The findings indicate that animated video media can effectively enhance students’ critical thinking skills in science learning, particularly on the topic of the human respiratory system. Therefore, animated video media can serve as an alternative instructional medium to support the development of critical thinking skills in elementary schools.
Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan DeFT E-Worksheet untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah pada Materi Fluida Statis
The topic of static fluids requires students to understand concepts in the context of everyday phenomena. However, problem-solving skills in this subject remain a challenge because students tend to apply formulas directly without fully understanding the context of the problem. This situation highlights the need for active, context-based problem-solving learning and the support of targeted representations. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model, supported by Design, Function, and Task (DeFT) e-worksheets, in improving students’ problem-solving skills in static fluid mechanics. This study employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest format. The research sample consisted of 33 11th-grade science students at a MAN in Bandung Regency, selected using convenience sampling. Research instruments included an observation sheet for instructional implementation, a problem-solving skills test, and a student response questionnaire. Data were analyzed using implementation percentages, N-Gain, the Wilcoxon test, Cohen’s d effect size, and descriptive percentage analysis. The results showed that the implementation of the PBL syntax achieved an average of 86.72%, falling into the “very good” category. Problem-solving skills improved, with an N-Gain of 0.39 in the “moderate” category. The Wilcoxon test showed that posttest scores were significantly higher than pretest scores (Z = -4.978; p < 0.001), with an effect size of 2.259 in the large category. Student responses fell into the “good” category across all ARCS dimensions. Thus, the implementation of the PBL model supplemented by DeFT e-worksheets demonstrated effectiveness in improving the problem-solving skills of the students in the study group, as evidenced by the increase in N-Gain, the results of the hypothesis testing, and the effect size. Future researchers are recommended to involve a control group and apply the model to broader samples or different physics topics to obtain stronger evidence regarding its effectiveness.
Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Outdoor Learning pada Materi Hidup Bersama Alam terhadap Kecerdasan Naturalistik Siswa Kelas III Sekolah Dasar
This study was motivated by the suboptimal development of naturalistic intelligence among elementary school students, resulting from instruction that remains dominated by classroom-based activities and lacks direct interaction with the natural environment. The study aimed to determine the impact of the Outdoor Learning method—specifically focusing on the topic of "Living in Harmony with Nature"—on the naturalistic intelligence of third-grade elementary school students. A quantitative approach was employed using a quasi-experimental design, specifically a non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The research sample consisted of 14 third-grade students from SDN 3 Wonoanti (experimental group) and 13 third-grade students from SDN 2 Sukorejo (control group). Data were collected using a naturalistic intelligence questionnaire that had passed validity and reliability testing. Data analysis included tests for normality, homogeneity, Independent Sample t-Tests, and N-Gain analysis. The results indicate a significant effect of the Outdoor Learning method on students' naturalistic intelligence (significance value of 0.000 < 0.05), leading to the rejection of H₀ and the acceptance of Hₐ. Effectiveness analysis showed an average N-Gain of 84.08 for the experimental group and 76.38 for the control group; while both fell into the "high" category, the experimental group achieved a greater improvement. Thus, the Outdoor Learning method—implemented through family medicinal plant cultivation activities—proved to be influential and more effective in enhancing the naturalistic intelligence of elementary school students.
Analisis Implementasi Deep Learning dalam Mewujudkan Kreativitas Siswa SDN Batang-Batang Daya II
This study aims to analyze the implementation of deep learning in fostering students' creativity at SDN Batang-Batang Daya II. A qualitative approach with a descriptive research design was employed. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, and subsequently analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis to provide a comprehensive understanding of how deep learning is implemented in classroom practices. The findings reveal that deep learning is implemented through student-centered learning planning, contextual learning activities, reflective practices, the application of Project-Based Learning (PjBL), and the development of students' critical thinking skills, with teachers serving as facilitators of the learning process. The implementation of these strategies encourages students to become more active, creative, confident in expressing their ideas, and capable of generating solutions to problems encountered during learning. Nevertheless, the implementation still faces challenges, particularly the differences in students' critical thinking abilities, which require teachers to adopt differentiated learning strategies that accommodate diverse learning needs. Furthermore, support from the school, parents, and adequate learning facilities plays a significant role in ensuring the successful implementation of deep learning. Overall, the findings indicate that the implementation of deep learning contributes to creating more meaningful learning experiences while supporting the development of students' creativity in elementary school.
Pengembangan Media Pop-Up Book Berbasis Qr Code Bangun Ruang pada Kelas V UPTD SDN Keleyan 1 Socah
This study aims to develop a QR Code-based Pop-Up Book media for spatial geometry material for fifth-grade students at UPTD SDN Keleyan 1 Socah that meets the criteria of validity, effectiveness, and engagement. This study is a Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model, which includes the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research subjects consisted of three validators: a media expert, a material expert, and an instructional design expert, as well as 21 fifth-grade students at UPTD SDN Keleyan 1 Socah. Data collection techniques used interviews, questionnaires, observations, and tests. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively by calculating the percentage of expert validation results, observations of teacher and student activities, learning test results, and teacher and student questionnaire responses. The results showed that the QR Code-based Pop-Up Book media achieved a validity level of 93.33% from media experts, 87.5% from material experts, and 98.1% from instructional design experts, with a very valid category. The effectiveness of the media is shown through observations of teacher activity of 99.22% and student activity of 88.64%, with the active category. The results of the learning test show that students have achieved learning mastery in accordance with the Learning Objectives Achievement Criteria (KKTP). The attractiveness of the media is shown by the results of the teacher response questionnaire of 97.5% and student responses of 96.66%, with the very interesting category. Based on these results, the QR Code-based Pop-Up Book media is declared suitable for use as a mathematics learning medium for spatial geometry in fifth grade elementary school because it meets the criteria of validity, effectiveness, and attractiveness.
Pengembangan E-Modul Interaktif Berbantuan Flipbook pada Materi Daerahku dan Kekayaan Alamnya untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Kelas IV
The increasing integration of digital technology in education demands teaching materials that are interactive and responsive to students' learning needs, yet many primary schools still rely on printed textbooks that limit student engagement. This study aims to develop an interactive e-module assisted by Flipbook covering the topic "My Region and Its Natural Wealth," determine the product's feasibility, test its effectiveness in improving student learning outcomes, and assess teacher and student responses to the developed product. The study employs a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, comprising the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research subjects were 31 students from class IV-A at SDN Mekarsari 6, Depok City, during the 2025/2026 academic year. Data were collected through observation, interviews, expert validation, teacher and student response questionnaires, as well as pre-tests and post-tests. Data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods, specifically the N-Gain test and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results indicate that the e-module achieved a "highly feasible" rating based on assessments by media experts (92.5%), language experts (95%), material expert 1 (89%), and material expert 2 (90%), with an overall average of 91.63%. Teacher responses yielded a 96% rating and student responses 98.93%, both in the "excellent" category. Student learning outcomes improved from an average pre-test score of 78 to an average post-test score of 91.07, with an N-Gain score of 0.5323, indicating a moderate level of improvement. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 < 0.05, confirming a significant difference in learning outcomes before and after using the e-module. Thus, the Flipbook-assisted interactive e-module is feasible and effective as a teaching resource for enhancing student learning outcomes in IPAS lessons at the primary school level.
Analisis Implementasi Pembiasaan dalam Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila: Studi Perbandingan Sekolah Penggerak dan Non-Penggerak
Habit-forming activities are one of the ways schools strive to strengthen the Pancasila Student Profile by instilling character values in students’ daily lives. This study aims to describe the implementation of habit-forming activities in strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile in the dimensions of faith, piety toward God Almighty, and noble character, as well as the dimension of mutual cooperation, and to identify supporting factors, constraints, and efforts made in their implementation at schools that have participated in the School Movement Program and non-participating schools. This study employs a qualitative approach using a comparative study design. The research was conducted at SDN 32 Cakranegara and SDN 40 Cakranegara. The research subjects consisted of school principals, teachers, and students. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis utilized the Miles and Huberman model, which encompasses data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that both schools have routinely implemented habit-forming activities through school culture and the learning process to strengthen the dimensions of faith, piety toward God Almighty, and noble character, as well as the dimension of mutual cooperation. SDN 32 Cakranegara has a more diverse and structured habit-forming program, while SDN 40 Cakranegara places greater emphasis on the consistency of implementing these habit-forming activities. Supporting factors include the principal’s commitment, teachers’ active involvement, a positive school culture, and support from the school community. Challenges faced include differences in students’ personalities, a lack of consistency in implementing habit-forming activities, and suboptimal family support. Efforts undertaken include setting a good example, providing ongoing guidance and supervision, offering motivation, and fostering cooperation with parents.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah pada Materi Pokok Bangun Datar Siswa Kelas IV SDN 03 Paokmotong Tahun Ajaran 2025/2026
This study was motivated by the low mathematical problem-solving ability of fourth-grade students on plane geometry topics, particularly the perimeter and area of squares, rectangles, and triangles. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model on the mathematical problem-solving ability of fourth-grade students at SDN 03 Paokmotong. This research employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a posttest-only control group design. The research sample consisted of 50 fourth-grade students from SDN 03 Paokmotong. Data were collected through a mathematical problem-solving test and classroom implementation observation. The research instruments included a mathematical problem-solving test and an observation sheet for the implementation of the learning process. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine the mean and standard deviation, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test, the Fisher homogeneity test, and hypothesis testing using the Independent Samples t-test. The results showed that the mean score of the experimental class was 78.68, which was higher than that of the control class, which was 62.56. The hypothesis test results indicated that the calculated t-value (tcount = 5.19) was greater than the critical t-value (ttable = 2.01) at the 0.05 significance level; therefore, H₀ was rejected and H₁ was accepted. It can be concluded that the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model has a significant effect on the mathematical problem-solving ability of fourth-grade students at SDN 03 Paokmotong in learning plane geometry.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran IPAS Kelas III SDN 2 Gerimak Indah
The low learning outcomes in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) among third-grade students were evident during the learning process. Many students were less active and paid less attention to the teacher's explanations. This study aims to determine the effect of implementing the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model on student learning outcomes in the IPAS subject at SDN 2 Gerimak Indah. This research employs a quantitative approach with an experimental design. The population includes all third-grade students at SDN 2 Gerimak Indah. Data were collected through observations and tests to measure cognitive learning outcome indicators, which include remembering (C1), understanding (C2), applying (C3), and analyzing (C4). Observation results showed that the implementation of the CTL model syntax was executed very well in the classroom. The findings indicated a significant increase in IPAS learning outcomes, with the average post-test score reaching 85.45, compared to the initial pre-test average of only 54.54. Improvement occurred across all measured cognitive indicators. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the application of the CTL model has a significant positive effect on students' IPAS learning outcomes and is capable of increasing student engagement in the learning process.
Analisis Potensi Pengembangan Wisata Edukatif Berbasis Wisata Sejarah Peninggalan Kerajaan Majapahit di Trowulan Mojokerto
Trowulan Area, Mojokerto Regency, East Java, is the former capital of the Majapahit Kingdom and preserves numerous archaeological heritage sites, including Tikus Temple, Bajang Ratu Temple, Brahu Temple, and Gentong Temple. This study aims to analyze the potential for developing history-based educational tourism at these four archaeological sites. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies involving site managers, visitors, and relevant institutions. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman based on three educational tourism indicators: learning value, knowledge enrichment, and site suitability. The findings reveal that all four sites possess significant historical, architectural, and spiritual values. However, their utilization as educational tourism destinations remains suboptimal due to limited interpretive media, the absence of permanent tour guides, and inadequate supporting facilities. The study identifies seven strategic directions for development, including integrated educational tourism packages, site-based learning, cultural performances, creative economy development, digital educational tourism, tourism village development, and the establishment of an archaeological research center. The proposed recommendations include strengthening interpretive media, improving tour guide competencies, providing adequate supporting infrastructure, and fostering collaboration among government agencies, site managers, academics, and local communities to achieve sustainable history-based educational tourism centered on the legacy of the Majapahit Kingdom.
Pengembangan Media KONEKSI Berbasis Website Genially pada Pembelajaran IPAS Kelas V SDN Genilangit 1
The aim of this study was to develop the ‘KONEKSI’ learning media based on the Genially website, for grade fifth IPAS lessons at Genilangit 1 elementary school. The background to this study was the need for interactive and engaging learning resources, particularly for the science subject. Observations and interviews at Genilangit 1 elementary school revealed that IPAS lessons remained teacher-centred and relied mainly on textbooks and worksheets, leaving pupils passive and finding it difficult to grasp abstract concepts such as harmony in the ecosystem. These conditions indicated the need for an interactive and contextual medium capable of supporting the topic more effectively. Analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation are the five stages of the ADDIE R&D model. The Genially website was used to create interactive learning resources comprising learning materials, videos and interactive quizzes. Following validation, the subject matter expert, language expert and media expert scored 97.33% (Highly Acceptable), 85.33% (Highly Acceptable) and 89.33% respectively. The product was trialled on 22 student grade fifth ; both trials achieved the ‘Highly Suitable’ category, with an average questionnaire response rate of 95.63% and a 100% response rate from teachers. The research findings indicate that the KONEKSI teaching aid, based on the Genially website, can be effectively utilised in the IPAS learning process for grade fifth. The KONEKSI teaching aid, based on the Genially website, facilitates the delivery of material by teachers during the learning process and stimulates pupils’ interest in learning. It is hoped that this teaching aid can serve as a relevant alternative learning method in line with technological advancements.
Pengaruh Model Picture and Picture Berbantuan Media Story Puzzle terhadap Hasil Belajar IPAS Siswa Sekolah Dasar
This research is motivated by the low learning outcomes of students in science and social subjects, so it is necessary to implement a learning model that is able to increase student involvement in the learning process. This research aims to determine the effect of the Picture and Picture model assisted by Story Puzzle media on the science and social learning outcomes of class IV students at SDN 2 Pengadangan. This research uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design of the Nonequivalent Control Group Design type. The research subjects consisted of an experimental class that received learning using the Picture and Picture model assisted by Story Puzzle media and a kontrol class that used direct learning. Data collection techniques are carried out through learning outcomes tests that meet the validity and reliability criteria. The research results showed that there was a significant difference between student learning outcomes in the experimental class and the kontrol class, with higher improvements in the experimental class. The results of the hypothesis test show a calculated t value of -3.505 and a significance value (p-value) of 0.001 which is smaller than 0.025. Thus, the Picture and Picture model assisted by Story Puzzle media has a significant effect on the science and social learning outcomes of class IV students at SDN 2 Pengadangan. These findings indicate that the use of the Picture and Picture model assisted by Story Puzzle media can be an effective learning alternative to improve student learning outcomes.
Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran Mencerna sebagai Implementasi Student Active Learning di Kelas 3 SD Negeri 1 Weleri
Indonesian language instruction in elementary school continues to rely mainly on lecture-based teaching and textbooks-centered learning, result in limited student participation. This study sought to develop MENCERNA (Interactive Narrative Story Media), explain its implementation in promoting Student Active Learning, and investigate third-grade students' responses and learning outocomes at SD Negeri 1 Weleri. This study adopted the Research and Development (R&D) approach using the 4D model, which includes the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. Data were obtained through observations, interviews, validation questionnaires, documentation, and learning achievement tests, then analyzed using descriptive quantitative techniques and the N-Gain test. The findings indicated that MENCERNA obtained a validation score of 80% from both the material and media experts, demonstrating that it was valid for classroom implementation. Its implementation promoted active atudent involvement through observation, questioning, discussion, idea exchange, and worksheet completion. Students demonstrated positive responses toward the media, while their learning outcomes improved, with the mean pre-test score rising from 63.57 to 87.51 on the post-test, producing an N-Gain score of 0.66 (moderately effective). Therefore, MENCERNA represent an appropriate instructional medium for enhacing Student Active Learning and Indonesian language learning outcomes.
Analisis Kesulitan Siswa dalam Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Materi Pecahan Kelas V SDN 2 Paokmotong Tahun Ajaran 2025/2026
Problem-solving skills have become a key focus in mathematics education today. In mathematics class, students often face difficulties in solving non-routine problems or complex questions. This study aims to describe students’ difficulties in solving math problems involving fractions. This study employs a qualitative, descriptive research approach. The subjects of this study were 25 fifth-grade students at SDN 2 Paokmotong. The subjects were selected through purposive sampling, with three subjects chosen based on high, moderate, and low problem-solving ability categories. The data collection techniques used were a mathematics problem-solving test, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis techniques in this study included data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Meanwhile, the validity of the research data was tested using triangulation. The results of the study show that: 1) subjects in the high category experienced difficulties at the stage of implementing their problem-solving plans; 2) subjects in the moderate category experienced difficulties at the stages of planning the solution, implementing the solution plan, and checking their work; and 3) subjects in the low category experienced the most difficulties, namely difficulties in understanding the problem because they were unable to identify the given information in the problem. Difficulties in the planning stage for problems 1 and 4 stemmed from an inability to create an accurate mathematical model. Difficulties in the execution stage resulted from not knowing how to apply formulas or not having memorized them. Difficulties in the review stage arose from an inability to solve the problems correctly.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share Berbantuan Media Flashcard terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Menulis Deskripsi Peserta Didik
The low descriptive writing skills of elementary school students remain a significant challenge, as classroom instruction is often teacher-centered and lacks learning models and media that effectively stimulate students' idea development. This study aimed to examine the effect of the Think Pair Share cooperative learning model assisted by Flashcard media on the descriptive writing skills of fourth-grade students at SDN Cijeruk 02. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The sample consisted of 56 fourth-grade students, divided into an experimental class and a control class, with 28 students in each group. Data were collected through tests, observations, and documentation, and analyzed using the Independent Sample t-test, N-Gain analysis, and effect size with IBM SPSS Statistics 29. The results revealed a significant effect of the Think Pair Share cooperative learning model assisted by Flashcard media on students' descriptive writing skills, indicated by a significance value of 0.001 (p < 0.05). The experimental group achieved an N-Gain score of 79.17%, categorized as effective, while the control group obtained an N-Gain score of 54%, categorized as less effective. Furthermore, the effect size was 0.9486, indicating a high level of practical effect. The novelty of this study lies in integrating the Think Pair Share cooperative learning model with Flashcard media to improve descriptive writing skills in elementary school students, providing a more effective instructional alternative than previous studies, which generally examined these two components separately. Therefore, the Think Pair Share cooperative learning model assisted by Flashcard media is proven to be effective in improving the descriptive writing skills of fourth-grade elementary school students.
Pengaruh Model Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas IV pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SDN 01 Seputih Jaya
Low student learning outcomes in Indonesian language, particularly on the topic of pantun (traditional Indonesian poetry), among fourth-grade students at SDN 01 Seputih Jaya were attributed to teacher-centered instructional practices, which limited students' opportunities to ask questions, engage in discussions, and independently construct knowledge. As a result, students' critical thinking skills and conceptual understanding had not developed optimally. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) model on students' learning outcomes in Indonesian language, specifically on the topic of pantun, among fourth-grade students at SDN 01 Seputih Jaya. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a Pretest–Posttest Control Group Design. The population consisted of all fourth-grade students at SDN 01 Seputih Jaya in the 2026/2027 academic year. A saturated sampling technique was applied, with Class IVA (18 students) assigned as the experimental group taught using the Inquiry-Based Learning model and Class IVB (20 students) as the control group taught using the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model. The results of the Independent Samples t-Test revealed a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 and a calculated t-value of 4.869, which exceeded the critical t-value of 2.028, indicating that the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis was accepted. Furthermore, the average N-Gain score of the experimental group was 0.74 (high category), while that of the control group was 0.27 (low category). These findings demonstrate that the implementation of the Inquiry-Based Learning model has a positive and statistically significant effect on the Indonesian language learning outcomes of fourth-grade students. Therefore, the model can serve as an innovative and effective instructional alternative for elementary school teachers.
Pengembangan Media Buku Bergambar Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Sasak pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 Akar-Akar
This study aimed to develop a picture book learning medium based on Sasak local wisdom and determine its validity, practicality, and effectiveness in Pancasila Education for fourth-grade students at State Elementary School 1 Akar-Akar. This study employed a Research and Development method using the ADDIE model, which consists of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The participants were 25 fourth-grade students. Data were collected through material expert and media expert validation questionnaires, teacher and student response questionnaires, learning achievement tests, and documentation. The data were analyzed using validity and practicality percentages, a paired-samples t-test, and the N-Gain test. The results showed that the material expert validation reached 82% and the media expert validation reached 84%, both of which were categorized as highly valid. The teacher response reached 95%, while the student response reached 95.1%, both of which were categorized as highly practical. The students’ mean score increased from 47.40 on the pretest to 91.40 on the posttest. The t-test result showed that the calculated t-value of 15.24 was higher than the critical t-value of 2.064, with a significance level of less than 0.001. The average N-Gain score was 0.86 or 85.88%, indicating a high and effective improvement. Therefore, the Sasak local wisdom-based picture book was highly valid, highly practical, and effective in improving fourth-grade students’ learning outcomes and understanding of Pancasila values.
The Impact of English Teachers' Feedback Style on Students' Speaking Confidence at Smp Mutiara Terpadu Palabuhanratu
Speaking confidence remains a persistent challenge in EFL classrooms, as many students remain reluctant to communicate orally despite the growing demand for English communication skills in the twenty-first century. Students' fear of making mistakes and receiving negative evaluation often limits their participation in speaking activities, underscoring the need to examine the role of teacher feedback in shaping learners' confidence. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of teacher feedback styles and to explore students' perceptions of how feedback influences their speaking confidence. A qualitative comparative case study design was employed, involving two English teachers and students from Grade VII and Grade VIII at a junior high school. Data were collected through classroom observation and semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Braun and Clarke's (2006) thematic analysis. The findings revealed four major feedback types: corrective, epistemic, suggestive, and combined feedback. Corrective feedback was the most frequently used type overall, whereas supportive feedback practices were more evident in Grade VIII classrooms. Five themes describing students' speaking confidence also emerged: Anxiety-Driven Silence, Authoritative Feedback as Confidence Suppressant, Supportive Feedback as Confidence Catalyst, Recast and Epistemic Feedback as Preferred Intervention, and Teacher as Architect of Speaking Confidence. Students who received supportive feedback demonstrated greater willingness to communicate, more active participation, and higher confidence in speaking English. These findings imply that effective feedback should balance linguistic accuracy with emotional support to foster both speaking development and confidence. The study was limited to a single school context involving two teachers, which constrains the transferability of the findings to other educational settings.
Pengembangan LKPDD IPAS Berbasis Role Playing pada Kelas IV Materi Kegiatan Jual Beli SDN Sukolilo Barat 1
Research was motivated by low fourth-grade IPAS learning outcomes at SDN Sukolilo Barat 1, where the first-semester summative average was only 34% due to conventional methods and limited innovative materials. Conversely, needs analysis showed 85% of students prefer playful activities. This study aims to develop a valid, effective, and engaging role-playing-based student worksheet (LKPD) for fourth-grade IPAS on buying and selling activities. Using the Research and Development (R&D) method with the 4D model, data were collected via interviews, observations, questionnaires, and 10 pre-test and post-test essay questions. Product feasibility was validated by material, learning resources, and instructional design experts. Product trials involved 9 small-group and 15 large-group students using a one-group pre-test–post-test design, analyzed via Paired Sample T-test and Normalized Gain (N-Gain). The study successfully developed a role-playing-based LKPD on economic activities aligned with the Merdeka Curriculum. Through a learning-by-doing approach, this LKPD accommodates diverse learning characteristics (kinesthetic, visual, audio-visual) to improve cognitive outcomes and create interactive, meaningful learning experiences.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing dengan Teknik Scaffolding untuk Meningkatkan Penalaran Ilmiah Siswa pada Materi Fluida Statis
Scientific reasoning plays a crucial role in addressing globalization and solving various problems. However, students’ scientific reasoning skills are often still relatively weak and need to be improved. This study aims to determine the improvement in students’ scientific reasoning following the implementation of a guided inquiry learning model with scaffolding techniques on the topic of static fluids, and to assess students’ responses to learning that employs this approach. This study employed a quantitative approach with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with a sample size of 32 students from the same class. Students’ scientific reasoning was measured using a test instrument consisting of 12 two-tier multiple-choice questions. The research data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, N-Gain calculations, and Rosenthal’s “r” effect size calculations. The results indicated a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores. The calculated N-Gain score was 0.73, indicating a high-level improvement in students’ scientific reasoning. This indicates that an overall improvement in students’ scientific reasoning, as well as improvements for each indicator, was observed following the implementation of this learning model. The effect size calculation yielded a value of 0.85, which falls into the “high” category. This indicates that the intervention was effective in improving students’ scientific reasoning skills. In addition, students’ responses to the learning process also showed positive results. Based on these findings, the guided inquiry model using scaffolding techniques can be considered an option for implementation in physics instruction and as an alternative solution for developing students’ scientific reasoning.
Upaya Meningkatkan Penguasaan Konsep Fisika Materi Usaha dan Energi Menggunakan Media PhET Simulation (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas di Kelas X)
This Classroom Action Research (CAR) aims to improve the mastery of physics concepts of Work and Energy material for class XH students through the Discovery Learning model assisted by PhET Simulation media. The main problem in this study is the low mastery of concepts due to conventional learning and limited physical laboratory facilities. Through three cycles of action with the Kurt Lewin model on 36 students, the results of the study showed a linear increase in the class average score from 64.44 (pretest) to 81.51 (cycle III). The percentage of classical completeness also increased significantly from 38.89% to 100.00% at the end of the cycle. The decrease in the standard deviation to 6.42 proves the reduction in the gap in understanding between students. It is concluded that the integration of PhET Simulation with the Discovery Learning model is effective in visualizing abstract concepts, encouraging independent exploration, and optimizing students' cognitive learning outcomes.
Pengembangan E-Modul Berbantuan Heyzine Flipbook pada Materi Aku dan Kebutuhanku
Science and social studies (IPAS) instruction in Grade IV-A of SDN Cimpaeun 3, Depok City, still relies mainly on printed textbooks, while the use of digital technology remains limited, resulting in suboptimal student engagement and learning outcomes. This study aims to develop, validate, and test the effectiveness of a Heyzine Flipbook-assisted e-module on the topic of "Aku dan Kebutuhanku" (Me and My Needs) to improve elementary students' learning outcomes. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The subjects consisted of one media expert, one linguist, one material expert, one fourth-grade teacher, and 26 fourth-grade students of SDN Cimpaeun 3, Depok City. Data were collected through observation, interviews, validation questionnaires, response questionnaires, and pretest-posttest scores, then analyzed using qualitative descriptive and quantitative techniques. The results show that the e-module achieved a "Very Feasible" category, with validation scores of 94.67% from the media expert, 100% from the linguist, 96% from the lecturer material expert, and 98.67% from the teacher material expert. Teacher response reached 96% and student response 88.46%, both categorized as "Very Good". The product's effectiveness was demonstrated by an increase in students' average scores from 67.50 in the pretest to 93.08 in the posttest, with an N-Gain value of 0.79 (high category). These findings confirm that the Heyzine Flipbook-assisted e-module is feasible, practical, and effective as a digital teaching material for IPAS learning in elementary schools.
Pengembangan Buku Ajar Pendamping Digital Materi Mengenali Letak Kota/Kabupaten dan Provinsi Tempat Tinggal pada Peserta Didik Kelas IV SDN Banyuajuh 3 Bangkalan
This research produces a product in the form of a digital companion textbook on the material of recognizing the location of the district/city and province of residence. The development model used is 4D. The objectives of this research are, (1) Developing a valid digital companion textbook based on expert validation questionnaires, (2) Developing an attractive digital companion textbook based on teacher response questionnaires and student response questionnaires, (3) Developing an effective digital companion textbook based on teacher observation sheets, student observation sheets, and student learning outcomes. The results of the study show that the digital companion textbook was declared very valid by the four experts with a percentage of 88.75%. The attractiveness of the digital companion textbook is proven by the results of the teacher response questionnaire which received a percentage of 100% and the results of the student response questionnaire of 91.5%, so it is declared very attractive. The effectiveness of the companion textbook is proven by the teacher observation sheet which received a percentage of 98.75%, student observation of 92%, student learning outcomes of 89.5% with classical completeness of 100%, so it is declared effective. Based on these results, the digital companion textbook is able to help students SDN Banyuajuh 3 understand material that was previously general in nature in the main learning source.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar E-Book Menggunakan Flip Builder untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep pada Materi Bumi Berubah
This study addressed the low conceptual understanding of fifth-grade students at SDN Ciherang 3, Cianjur Regency, on the IPAS topic of Earth Changes. Although various digital teaching media have been developed for elementary science instruction, few have specifically been designed to overcome students' conceptual understanding difficulties through interactive, multimedia-based e-books. It aimed to develop, assess the feasibility of, and evaluate the effectiveness of a Flip Builder-based e-book in improving students’ conceptual understanding. Using the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model, the study involved 27 fifth-grade students. Data were collected through observations, interviews, validation questionnaires, response questionnaires, and pre-test and post-test assessments. The results showed that the e-book was highly feasible, receiving validation scores of 98% from the media expert and 100% from the language and material experts. It was also highly practical, with positive responses from students (96.9%) and teachers (100%). Students’ average scores increased from 65.05 on the pre-test to 89.35 on the post-test, with an N-Gain score of 0.76, indicating high effectiveness. These findings demonstrate that the Flip Builder-based e-book is feasible, practical, and effective in enhancing students’ conceptual understanding of Earth Changes.
Pengembangan E-Modul Menggunakan Genially untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar pada Materi Tradisi dan Budaya Masyarakat di Sekitarku
The use of digital teaching materials at SDN Bantarkemang 6 is still limited and lacks variety, causing students to experience difficulties in understanding the topic of Traditions and Culture of the Surrounding Community, resulting in low learning outcomes. This study aimed to develop a Genially-based E-Module on this topic and determine its validity, practicality, and effectiveness in improving students' learning outcomes. The study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE development model. The participants were 27 fourth-grade students of Class IV B at SDN Bantarkemang 6. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. The validation scores were 93,33% from the media expert, 100% from the material expert, and 92% from the language expert, with an average of 95.11%, categorized as very valid. Student and teacher responses were 89.09% and 100%, respectively, with an average of 94.54%, categorized as very practical. The product's effectiveness was indicated by an N-Gain score of 0.77, categorized as high. Therefore, the Genially-based E-Module was found to be very valid, very practical, and effective in improving students' learning outcomes.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas X MAN 1 Sleman
This study aimed to determine the effect of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model on the mathematics learning outcomes of tenth-grade students at MAN 1 Sleman and to compare its effectiveness with conventional learning. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a Non-equivalent Control Group Design. The sample consisted of 72 students, divided into an experimental class (36 students) and a control class (36 students), selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a validated and reliable essay test on statistics. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality and homogeneity tests, paired samples t-test, independent samples t-test, and Cohen's d effect size analysis. The results revealed a significant improvement in students' mathematics learning outcomes after the implementation of the CTL model. The independent samples t-test showed a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. In addition, the effect size analysis produced a Cohen's d value of 0.87, which falls into the large category, indicating that the CTL model had a strong practical effect on improving students' mathematics learning outcomes. These findings suggest that the CTL model is an effective alternative learning strategy for promoting meaningful, contextual, and student-centered mathematics learning.
Implementasi Model PEMIKAT dalam Meningkatkan Aktivitas, Berpikir Kritis, Kerjasama, dan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Pancasila Siswa
Low levels of student learning activity, critical thinking skills, collaborative skills, and learning outcomes constitute issues that need to be addressed through the implementation of innovative learning models. One viable alternative is the PEMIKAT model, which integrates Problem-Based Learning and the "Make a Match" technique. This study aims to describe teacher activity and analyze student activity, critical thinking skills, collaborative skills, and learning outcomes. The study employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model, comprising the stages of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. It was conducted over four sessions with 12 third-grade students at SDN Benua Anyar 3, Banjarmasin. Data were collected through observation, tests, and documentation, and subsequently analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive techniques. The results indicate that teacher activity met the "excellent" criterion; student activity reached the category where nearly all students were highly active; critical thinking and collaborative skills reached the category where nearly all students were proficient; and learning outcomes across the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains achieved classical mastery. Thus, the implementation of the PEMIKAT model effectively enhances the quality of Pancasila Education instruction by fostering active, collaborative, meaningful, and student-centered learning.
Pemanfaatan Teknologi Artificial Intalligance Berbasis Google Gemini untuk Meningkatkan Kemandirian dan Motivasi Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Bola Basket Kelas XI SMAN 2 Mataram
This study aimed to examine the effect of utilizing Google Gemini-based Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology on students' learning independence and motivation in Grade XI basketball learning at SMAN 2 Mataram. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a posttest-only control group design. The research sample consisted of 60 students, divided equally into an experimental group and a control group, with 30 students in each group. Data were collected using learning independence and learning motivation questionnaires and analyzed through descriptive statistics, normality tests, homogeneity tests, and an Independent Samples t-test using IBM SPSS Statistics. The results revealed that the experimental group achieved a higher mean score for learning independence (56.87) than the control group (46.00), with a significance value of 0.004 (p < 0.05). Similarly, the experimental group obtained a higher mean score for learning motivation (63.70) than the control group (52.43), with a significance value of <0.001 (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that the use of Google Gemini has a significant positive effect on improving students' learning independence and motivation in basketball learning. Therefore, Google Gemini can serve as an innovative learning medium to support more active, independent, and student-centered physical education learning.
Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan PhET Simulasi terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Fisika Peserta Didik
This study aimed to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by PhET Simulasi on improving students’ critical thinking skills in physics. The study employed a quasi-experimental method using a non-equivalent control group design. The sample consisted of 33 students from Class XI IPA 2 as the experimental group and 32 students from Class XI IPA 3 as the control group at SMAN 7 Mataram during the 2025/2026 academic year. The research instrument was an essay test designed to measure critical thinking skills and had met the validity, reliability difficulty level and discrimination power requirements. Data were collected through pretests and posttests and analyzed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, independent sample t-tests, and N-Gain analysis. The results showed that the mean pretest scores of the experimental and control groups were 40.91 and 38.86, respectively, while the mean posttest scores were 85.51 and 77.82. The normality test indicated that the posttest data of both the experimental group were 3.3844 and the control group were 3.8180) were normally distributed because < were 11.070. The homogeneity test showed that the variances of both groups were homogeneous with = 1.7402 < = 1.810. The hypothesis testing using the pooled variance t-test revealed that = 3.79 > = 1.998, indicating that the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis was accepted. Furthermore, the N-Gain score of the experimental group was 0.755 in the high category, while that of the control group was 0.637 in the medium category. These findings indicate that the implementation of the Problem Based Learning model assisted by PhET Simulasi has a significant positive effect on improving students’ critical thinking skills in physics on wave material.
Pengembangan Modul Ajar Mata Pelajaran IPAS Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Suku Sasak Kelas IV SDN 02 Sembalun Bumbung
The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum requires teachers to develop contextual learning resources that accommodate students' characteristics and local potential. However, the teaching modules used in science and social studies (IPAS) learning at SDN 02 Sembalun Bumbung had not integrated the local wisdom of the Sasak ethnic group, resulting in less meaningful learning experiences for students. This study aimed to develop a local wisdom-based IPAS teaching module for fourth-grade students and determine its validity and practicality. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the Four-D (4D) development model, consisting of the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The research subjects were 27 fourth-grade students of SDN 02 Sembalun Bumbung. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires, while the research instruments consisted of material expert validation sheets, media expert validation sheets, teacher response questionnaires, and student response questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative and quantitative techniques. The results indicated that the developed teaching module obtained a validity score of 87.5% from the material expert (valid category) and 91.4% from the media expert (very valid category). Furthermore, the practicality assessment showed a teacher response score of 91.3% and a student response score of 91.1%, both classified as very practical. These findings indicate that the Sasak local wisdom-based IPAS teaching module is valid and practical for use in fourth-grade elementary school learning.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Radec untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Membaca Pemahaman Siswa Kelas IV SDN 1 Mantup
The low reading comprehension skills of fourth grade students at SDN 1 Mantup were caused by the use of conventional teacher-centered learning methods, resulting in students being less active during the learning process. This study aimed to implement the RADEC (Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, Create) learning model to improve the reading comprehension skills of fourth grade students at SDN 1 Mantup. This study used Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles. Data were collected through teacher activity observation sheets, student activity observation sheets, and reading comprehension tests.The results showed that the implementation of the RADEC learning model was able to improve the reading comprehension skills of fourth grade students at SDN 1 Mantup. This improvement could be seen from the increase in teacher activities, student activities, and students’ reading comprehension results in each cycle. Teacher activity in cycle 1 reached 51% and increased to 93% in cycle 2. Student activity in cycle 1 reached 58% and increased to 93% in cycle 2. In addition, students’ reading comprehension skills improved from 40% in cycle 1 to 86% in cycle 2. Therefore, the RADEC learning model was effective in improving the reading comprehension skills of fourth grade students at SDN 1 Mantup.
Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif IPAS Tema Pelestarian Lingkungan Kelas IV UPTD SDN Demangan 1 Bangkalan
This study aimed to examine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on students’ cognitive learning outcomes in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) on the topic of Environmental Conservation among fourth-grade students at UPTD SDN Demangan 1 Bangkalan. IPAS learning in elementary schools is still largely dominated by lecture-based instruction with limited use of learning media, resulting in teacher-centered learning and suboptimal cognitive learning outcomes. This study employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental method with a one-group pretest–posttest design. The sample consisted of 36 fourth-grade students in class IV-A. Data were collected through tests, observations, and questionnaires. The test instrument was examined for validity, reliability, item difficulty, and discrimination index. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed a Z value of −5.130 and an Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value of < 0.001, which was lower than the significance level of 0.05. Therefore, the null hypothesis (H₀) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Hₐ) was accepted. These findings indicate that the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model had a significant positive effect on students’ cognitive learning outcomes in IPAS.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Deep Learning untuk Menikatkan Minat Belajar Siswa Kelas V Di SDN Inpres Sanolo
Learning interest is one of the important factors that influence students' success in the learning process, particularly in mathematics. However, in reality, students' interest in mathematics is still relatively low because many students perceive mathematics as a difficult and boring subject. This condition causes students to be less active and less enthusiastic in participating in learning activities. This study aimed to determine the effect of Deep Learning-based mathematics instruction on the learning interest of fifth-grade students at SDN Inpres Sanolo. The study employed a quantitative approach using an experimental method with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The research sample consisted of 15 students selected using the total sampling technique, in which all members of the population are included as research participants. Since the study involved only 15 fifth-grade students, all students were used as the sample. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation. The data were analyzed using the Paired Sample t-Test. The results showed that the implementation of Deep Learning-based mathematics instruction was able to improve students' learning interest. The average learning interest score increased from 48.3 in the pretest to 81.3 in the posttest. The results of the Paired Sample t-Test indicated a significance value of less than 0.001, meaning that there was a significant effect of Deep Learning-based mathematics instruction on students' learning interest. Furthermore, the N-Gain analysis result of 75% indicated a moderately effective category. Therefore, it can be concluded that Deep Learning-based mathematics instruction has a positive and significant effect on improving the learning interest of fifth-grade students at SDN Inpres Sanolo.
Validity of an Interactive STEM-Based E-Book on Science Material to Train Students Digital Literacy Skills
Digital technology development requires prospective elementary school teachers to possess adequate digital literacy competencies to design twenty-first-century learning effectively. One learning medium that can facilitate this competency is an interactive electronic book integrating Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). This study aimed to describe the validity of a STEM-based interactive e-book on science learning designed to foster digital literacy skills among undergraduate students. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the Four-D (4D) development model consisting of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. This article focuses on the Develop stage, particularly expert validation. Validation data were collected using material and media validation sheets with a four-point rating scale. Data were analyzed descriptively by calculating the average score for each validation aspect. The results indicated that the interactive e-book achieved an average score of 3.89 from the material expert, categorized as very valid, while the media expert evaluation resulted in an average score of 3.44, also categorized as very valid. The highest scores were obtained in material suitability, completeness, and language quality, while the media aspects demonstrated excellent visual design, interactivity, usability, and STEM integration. Therefore, the developed STEM-based interactive e-book is considered feasible for use as a learning medium to foster digital literacy skills among prospective elementary school teachers
Pengaruh Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Berbantuan Permainan Sciwallplay terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas III di SDN 44 Ampenan
The use of conventional learning models (teacher-centered) which is still dominant and the minimal use of interactive digital media causes the learning motivation of class III students at SDN 44 Ampenan to be relatively low. This study aimed to determine the effect of using a cooperative learning model assisted by Sciwallplay Games on the learning motivation of third-grade students at SDN 44 Ampenan. The research employed a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, involving 51 students of SDN 44 Ampenan, consisting of 25 students from Class III B (experimental group) and 26 students from Class III A (control group). Data were collected using a questionnaire to measure students' learning motivation. The results of the two independent sample t-test on the learning motivation questionnaire showed a significance value of 0.024, then Sig. (2-tailed) < 0.05 so it can be concluded that the use of the cooperative learning model assisted by Sciwallplay Games has a positive effect on increasing the learning motivation of third-grade students at SDN 44 Ampenan, which is shown through increased student activity, interest, and enthusiasm in participating in learning.
Pengaruh Penerapan Media Assemblr Edu terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Kelas VIII SMPN 2 Pattallassang Kabupaten Gowa
This study aimed to determine the effect of implementing Assemblr Edu media on science learning outcomes of eighth-grade students at SMPN 2 Pattallassang, Gowa Regency. This study employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental method with a One Group Pretest–Posttest Design. The sample consisted of 31 students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, tests, and documentation. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The results showed an improvement in students’ learning outcomes after the implementation of Assemblr Edu media. The average pretest score increased from 65 to 88 in the posttest. In addition, students’ learning activities improved during the learning process. The findings indicate that the implementation of Assemblr Edu media had a positive effect on science learning outcomes of eighth-grade students at SMPN 2 Pattallassang, Gowa Regency.
Pengaruh Pendekatan Problem Solving terhadap Kreativitas Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas XI Man 1 Sleman
This study aims to examine the effect of a problem-solving approach on students' mathematical learning creativity at MAN 1 Sleman, while comparing its efficacy against conventional teaching methods in the context of Function Transformation topics. Employing a quantitative approach, this study adopted a pretest-posttest control group experimental design. Data were gathered using a test instrument specifically designed to measure students' mathematical learning creativity. The collected data were then analyzed using paired-sample t-tests and independent-sample t-tests at a 5% significance level. The findings indicate that the problem-solving approach significantly influences the mathematical learning creativity of Grade XI students at MAN 1 Sleman when studying Function Transformations. This significant impact is demonstrated by a substantial increase in the mean creativity score from 13.33 to 19.57, yielding a significance value of Sig. < 0.05. Conversely, the conventional method did not yield a statistically significant effect on students' learning creativity. Furthermore, although the independent-sample t-test results revealed no statistically significant direct difference between the two methods (Sig. > 0.05) the problem-solving approach practically demonstrated a superior internal impact. This is evidenced by a far higher total increase in the mean creativity score (6.24) compared to that generated by the conventional method (0.73).
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Berbantuan Media Wordwall terhadap Hasil Belajar IPAS Siswa Kelas IV di SDN 4 Kuranji
This study was motivated by the low science learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at SDN 4 Kuranji, which were attributed to low learning motivation and limited student engagement due to the lack of variety in instructional media and the limited integration of technology in the learning process. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model assisted by Wordwall media on students' science learning outcomes in the topic "States of Matter and Their Changes." This research employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental research design with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample was selected using a saturated sampling technique, involving all members of the population as participants, namely all 30 fourth-grade students at SDN 4 Kuranji. Data were collected through achievement tests, classroom observations, and teacher and student response questionnaires, and were analyzed using a paired-sample t-test. The results revealed that the calculated t-value (16.203) was higher than the critical t-value (2.045). In addition, the significance value (2-tailed) was < .001, which was lower than the significance level of 0.05. Therefore, the null hypothesis (H₀) was rejected, while the alternative hypothesis (Hₐ) was accepted. These findings indicate that the implementation of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model assisted by Wordwall media, which has rarely been applied to the topic of States of Matter and Their Changes, can serve as an innovative alternative for improving elementary school students' science learning outcomes. Furthermore, the findings highlight the importance of employing interactive, technology-assisted learning models to enhance students' motivation, encourage active participation in the learning process, and create meaningful learning experiences.
Pengaruh Media Powerpoint Interaktif Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep IPA Materi Cahaya dan Sifatnya Pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN 1 Peresak
This research is motivated by the science learning process in elementary schools that still uses conventional methods and the use of interactive technology-based learning media has not been optimal. This condition causes fourth grade students of SDN 1 Peresak to have difficulties in understanding abstract science materials, especially in light materials and their properties. Therefore, this study aims to determine the influence of the use of interactive PowerPoint media on light materials and their properties on the understanding of science concepts of grade IV students of SDN 1 Peresak. The research method used is a quantitative approach of the type of pre-experimental design with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The research sample amounted to 23 grade IV students of SDN 1 Peresak who were selected using saturated sampling techniques. Data collection was carried out through multiple-choice objective test instruments (pretest and posttest), observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis tests using Paired Sample t-Test analysis. The results of the study showed an increase in students' understanding of concepts with an average score increasing from 40.22 in the pretest to 67.39 in the posttest. The results of the hypothesis test obtained a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.000 which is smaller than 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05). Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the use of interactive PowerPoint media has a positive and significant effect on the understanding of the concept of light matter science and its properties in grade IV students of SDN 1 Peresak.
Analisis Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMA melalui Pendekatan Deep Learning ditinjau dari Kecerdasan Logis Matematis
Mathematical critical thinking represents a foundational competency that demands deliberate cultivation within mathematics education, with logical-mathematical intelligence frequently cited as a key underlying factor. This study aimed to analyze and describe the profile of students' mathematical critical thinking skills under a Deep Learning framework, specifically looking at variations in their logical-mathematical intelligence when solving probability concepts. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative design, this inquiry involved 31 tenth-grade students at SMA Darul Ulum Sugio. From this cohort, six subjects were selected via purposive sampling—comprising two students each from high, moderate, and low intelligence levels—based on their logical-mathematical intelligence scores. Data collection was instrumented through a diagnostic questionnaire, a customized critical thinking test, and semi-structured interviews. The empirical results demonstrated that students with high logical-mathematical intelligence successfully satisfied all critical thinking criteria. Meanwhile, those in the moderate category met three distinct indicators, whereas students with low logical-mathematical intelligence only managed to satisfy the elementary clarification stage. These outcomes suggest that a more pronounced level of logical-mathematical intelligence yields substantially better mathematical critical thinking performance when engaging with probability tasks within a Deep Learning environment.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Buku Cerita Rakyat Berbasis Digital terhadap Membaca Pemahaman Murid Kelas IV SDN 1 Puyung dan SDN 2 Puyung
This study was motivated by the low reading comprehension skills of elementary school students, particularly in understanding the content of texts, identifying main ideas, and retelling the content of texts. One alternative to address this issue is the use of digital-based folk tale books, which present reading material in a more engaging and interactive manner. This study aims to determine the effect of using digital-based folk tale books on the reading comprehension of fourth-grade students at SDN 1 Puyung and SDN 2 Puyung. This study employs a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The research sample consisted of 70 students, comprising 37 students in the experimental class and 33 students in the control class. Data collection was conducted through tests and observations, while data analysis utilized normality tests, homogeneity tests, N-Gain tests, and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed that the use of digital-based folk tale books had a significant effect on students’ reading comprehension, as indicated by an Asymp.Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.012, which is less than 0.05 (0.012 < 0.05); therefore, H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. In addition, the average N-Gain score for the experimental class was 0.5075, categorized as moderate, while that for the control class was 0.2110, categorized as low. Thus, the use of digita-based folklore books is quite effective in developing elementary school students' reading comprehension skills.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar IPAS Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Suku Mbojo untuk Materi “Indonesiaku Kaya Budaya” Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
The development of teaching materials in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) learning requires a contextual approach to help students understand material on cultural diversity. This study aims to develop teaching materials based on the local wisdom of the Mbojo Tribe for IPAS Chapter 6 “My Indonesia is Rich in Culture” for grade IV students of SDN Inpres 1 Wora, and to determine their validity and practicality. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The subjects of this study were 23 grade IV students of SDN Inpres 1 Wora, consisting of 8 students in the small-group trial and 15 students in the large-group trial, along with one classroom teacher. Data were collected using interviews, observation, and questionnaires, comprising a material-expert validation questionnaire, a media-expert validation questionnaire, a teacher-response questionnaire, and a student-response questionnaire. Quantitative data were analyzed using the percentage formula P = (Σx/Σxi) × 100%, while qualitative data in the form of suggestions from the validators were analyzed descriptively as a basis for product revision. The resulting product is a full-color printed book integrating IPAS material with the local wisdom of the Mbojo Tribe, covering customs (Uma Lengge, Rimpu, Genda), traditional games (Mpa'a Gantao, Mpa'a Ndempa Ndiha), and traditional foods (Mangge Mada, Uta Palumara Londe). Validation results show the teaching material is in the very valid category, with a media-expert score of 97% and a material-expert score of 96%. It is also very practical, based on student responses in the small-group (95%) and large-group (96%) trials, and teacher responses (100%). The teaching material is therefore considered suitable for grade IV IPAS learning and contributes to the preservation of local culture.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Video Animasi pada Materi Tumbuhan Sumber Kehidupan di Bumi Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
This research aims to determine the validity and practicality of animated video-based learning media on the topic of Plants as Sources of Life on Earth for fourth-grade elementary school students. The research used the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE development model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The research was conducted at SD Negeri 1 Darek with five students in the small-group trial and fifteen students in the large-group trial. The instruments included material expert validation questionnaires, media expert validation questionnaires, student response questionnaires, and teacher response questionnaires. Data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results showed that the learning media obtained a media expert validity score of 90.83% and a material expert validity score of 96.58%, both categorized as very valid. The practicality test showed student response percentages of 90.62% in the small-group trial and 86.04% in the large-group trial, while the teacher response reached 92.5%, all categorized as very practical. Therefore, the animated video-based learning media met the criteria of being very valid and very practical, making it suitable for use in the learning process.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar “Modul Pembelajaran” IPAS Berbasis Saintifik pada Materi “Energi dan Perubahannya” untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Energi Siswa Kelas IV SDN 1 Gontoran
Fourth-grade students were selected as the research subjects because they are in the concrete operational stage and therefore require teaching materials that are engaging, contextual, and tailored to their characteristics. The topic of energy and its transformations was chosen because it is an component of IPAS that students often struggle to understand, particularly when it comes identifying the forms and transformations of energy. This study aims to produce a valid, practical, and effective science-based IPAS learning module to improve students’ understanding of energy concepts. This study employed the (R&D) method using the ADDIE development model. The results showed that the module’s validity was very high, with 89,23% validity rating from media experts and a 94,11% validity rating from content experts. The practicality level in the small-group test achieved a percentage of 77,7% meeting the “practical” criterion, while the large-group test achieved a percentage of 83,43% meeting the “highly practical” criterion: teacher feedback also achieved a percentage of 97,9% meeting the “highly practical” criterion. The N-Gain result was 0,5686 (56.8579%), meeting the “effective” criterion. Therefore, the science-based IPAS learning module teaching materials are valid, practical, and effective for improving the understanding of energy concepts among fourth-grade students at SDN 1 Gontoran.
Pengaruh Pengetahuan Keuangan terhadap Kesejahteraan Keuangan dengan Perilaku Keuangan sebagai Variabel Mediasi (Studi Kasus pada Mahasiswa S1 Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis Universitas Negeri Surabaya)
Student financial well-being is a crucial aspect supporting quality of life and future financial readiness. This study aims to analyze the influence of financial knowledge on studnt financial well-being, with financial behavior serving as a mediating variable. A quantitative research design with an explanatory approach was employed, utilizing proportionate stratified random sampling to select a sample of 128 students. The independent variable is financial knowledge, the mediating variable is financial behavior, and the dependent variable is student financial well-being. Data were collected via questionnaires developed based on indicators for each variable. Hypothesis testing was conducted using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS version 25 software. The results indicate that financial knowledge does not have a significant effect on financial behavior or student financial well-being; conversely, financial behavior has a positive and significant effect on student financial well-being.
Pengaruh Media Video Animasi Fabel terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Cerita Fabel Siswa Kelas II UPTD SDN Keleyan 1 Socah
This research is motivated by the low ability to read fable comprehension stories of second-grade students of UPTD SDN Keleyan 1 Socah. This study aims to determine the effect of using animated fable video media on the ability to read fable comprehension stories of second-grade students of UPTD SDN Keleyan 1 Socah. The study used a quantitative approach with the Quasi Experimental Design method through the Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The study population was all second-grade students consisting of class IIA as the control class of 15 students and class IIB as the experimental class of 16 students. Data collection techniques used tests in the form of pretest and posttest. The research instrument has met the requirements of validity and reliability with a pretest Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.741 and a posttest of 0.743. Data analysis was carried out using normality tests, homogeneity tests, and Independent Samples t-test hypothesis tests with the help of SPSS version 23. The results showed that the average posttest score of the experimental class was 83.75 higher than the control class of 68.00. The results of the hypothesis test obtained a Sig. value. (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05, so H₀ is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus, there is a significant effect of the use of animated fable video media on the reading comprehension skills of second-grade students at the UPTD SDN Keleyan 1 Socah. Animated fable video media has been proven to improve students' comprehension of reading content through the presentation of interesting, interactive, and easy-to-understand material.
Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan PowerPoint Interaktif terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Peserta Didik Kelas V SDN 50 Cakranegara
The mathematical problem-solving ability of fifth-grade students at SDN 50 Cakranegara was still relatively low, as indicated by the preliminary observation showing that 13 out of 26 students in Class Vb were unable to solve mathematical problem-solving tasks accurately. This condition was presumed to be influenced by teacher-centered learning practices and the limited use of interactive learning media. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by interactive PowerPoint on the mathematical problem-solving ability of fifth-grade students at SDN 50 Cakranegara. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a Non-Equivalent Control Group Design involving 53 students (27 in the experimental class and 26 in the control class), selected through total sampling. The data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, Levene’s test for homogeneity, and hypothesis testing. Since three out of four datasets were not normally distributed, the hypothesis was tested using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test. The results showed a significance value of < 0.001 (< 0.05), indicating that the null hypothesis (H₀) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Hₐ) was accepted. Furthermore, the experimental group achieved a higher mean post-test score (49.85) than the control group (18.92). These findings suggest that integrating the Problem Based Learning model with interactive PowerPoint provides an effective instructional framework for enhancing the mathematical problem-solving ability of elementary school students, who are generally in the concrete operational stage of cognitive development.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Berbantuan Wayground Paper Mode dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPAS Siswa Kelas V SDN 28 Cakranegara
This study aimed to determine the effect of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model assisted by Wayground Paper Mode on improving the science and social studies (IPAS) learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at 28th Cakranegara State Elementary School in the 2025/2026 academic year. This study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population consisted of all fifth-grade students at 28th Cakranegara State Elementary School. The sample was selected using a saturated sampling technique, with Class VA serving as the experimental group and Class VB as the control group. The research instrument was a learning outcomes test in the form of multiple-choice questions that measured the cognitive indicators of remembering, understanding, applying, and analyzing. Data were collected through tests and observations. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, Levene’s Test of homogeneity, the Independent Samples t-Test for hypothesis testing, and the N-Gain test with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics 25.The results of the hypothesis test showed a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05, indicating that H₀ was rejected and Hₐ was accepted. In addition, the mean posttest score of the experimental group was 83.48, which was higher than that of the control group at 73.00. These findings indicate that the use of the TGT cooperative learning model assisted by Wayground Paper Mode had a significant effect on the IPAS learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at 28th Cakranegara State Elementary School.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Story Cube Berbasis Teks Narasi terhadap Membaca Pemahaman Siswa Kelas IV SDN 24 Cakranegara
Reading comprehension is one of the fundamental skills that elementary school students need to master, particularly in the fourth grade, as it plays a crucial role in understanding narrative texts. This study was motivated by the low reading comprehension ability of fourth-grade students at SDN 24 Cakranegara in comprehending narrative texts, as indicated by preliminary observations and an initial test with an average score of 63, as well as the use of conventional teaching methods with limited implementation of innovative learning media. This study aimed to determine the effect of using story cube media based on narrative texts on the reading comprehension ability of fourth-grade students at SDN 24 Cakranegara. The study employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental method with a One-Group Pretest–Posttest Design. The research involved 24 students, of whom 19 with complete data were included in the final analysis. Data were collected using a validated reading comprehension test instrument, which was evaluated by two experts and obtained an average validity score of 89% (categorized as highly feasible). The collected data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, followed by the Paired Sample t-test and N-Gain analysis. The hypothesis test revealed a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that the use of story cube media had a statistically significant effect on students' reading comprehension ability. This finding was supported by the increase in the mean score from 62.32 on the pretest to 75.26 on the posttest. Furthermore, the N-Gain score of 0.3295 was classified as a moderate improvement. Therefore, the null hypothesis (H₀) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Hₐ) was accepted, indicating that the use of narrative text-based story cube media significantly improved the reading comprehension ability of fourth-grade students at SDN 24 Cakranegara.
Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Berbasis Canva untuk Meningkatkan Kreativitas Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Informatika di SMA
The rapid development of digital technology has encouraged the use of interactive learning media to support students' creativity as one of the essential 21st-century skills. However, the learning process in Informatics at SMAN 1 Donggo is still dominated by lecture-based instruction, and the use of digital learning media has not been optimized, resulting in students' creativity not being fully developed. This study aimed to analyze the effect of Canva-based interactive learning media on students' creativity in Informatics at SMAN 1 Donggo, Bima Regency. This research employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The sample consisted of 56 students, including 28 students in the experimental class and 28 students in the control class, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a creativity questionnaire that had met validity and reliability requirements. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, normality test, homogeneity test, Mann–Whitney U test, and N-Gain analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics. The results showed that the mean creativity score of the experimental class increased from 59.29 to 86.79, while the control class increased from 49.82 to 54.82. The experimental class achieved an N-Gain score of 67.08% (moderate to high category), whereas the control class obtained 16.20% (low category). The Mann–Whitney U test yielded a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, Canva-based interactive learning media were proven to have a significant and effective impact on improving students' creativity in Informatics and can serve as an alternative learning medium to support 21st-century education.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi Konten pada Materi Buku Fiksi dan Nonfiksi Kelas VII.8 dalam Meningkatkan Hasil belajar di SMPN 1 Masbagik
The implementation of differentiated instruction has become an essential strategy for accommodating students' diverse learning needs while supporting the principles of Deep Learning in the Merdeka Curriculum. This study aimed to improve the learning out-comes of seventh-grade students on fiction and non-fiction book materials through the implementation of content differentiation at SMP Negeri 1 Masbagik. The study em-ployed Classroom Action Research (CAR) consisting of two cycles, with each cycle in-cluding the stages of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The participants were 32 students of class VII.8. Data were collected through observation, learning achievement tests, and documentation, and were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualita-tive techniques. The findings revealed a consistent improvement in students' learning outcomes after implementing differentiated content instruction. The average learning score increased from 68 in the pre-action stage to 78 in Cycle I and further improved to 88 in Cycle II. Likewise, learning mastery increased from 59% in the pre-action stage to 78% in Cycle I and reached 91% in Cycle II. The implementation of differentiated content in-struction also enhanced students' participation, confidence, collaboration, and engage-ment during the learning process. These findings indicate that content differentiation effectively accommodates students' learning readiness and creates meaningful, active, and enjoyable learning experiences aligned with the principles of Deep Learning. There-fore, differentiated content instruction can be considered an effective learning strategy for improving students' achievement in learning fiction and non-fiction texts at the junior secondary school level.
Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Berbasis Aplikasi Superzat pada Siswa Kelas IV di SDN Sidodadi 1/153 Surabaya
This study was motivated by students' low understanding and learning outcomes in the topic of the states of matter and their changes, which were attributed to teacher-centered instruction dominated by lecture methods and the limited use of technology-based interactive learning media. As a result, students tended to be less actively engaged and easily became bored during the learning process. This study aimed to develop Superzat, an application-based interactive multimedia learning medium that is valid, effective, and practical. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE development model, which consists of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The development process included: (1) analysis of learning outcomes, student characteristics, and learning media needs; (2) design of the multimedia product; (3) development of the product followed by expert validation and empirical validation of the test instruments. The validation results showed scores of 81% from the media expert, 89% from the subject matter expert, 90% from the instructional design expert, and 93% from the language expert, indicating that the product was highly feasible. During the implementation stage, the multimedia was evaluated for its effectiveness and practicality. The results showed that teacher activity reached 100%, while student activity reached 95.87%. In addition, the Superzat interactive multimedia was categorized as highly practical, with teacher and student response rates of 96.25% and 93.33%, respectively. The improvement in students' learning outcomes was demonstrated by an average N-Gain score of 87%, which falls into the high category. Therefore, the Superzat application-based interactive multimedia is considered suitable for use as an elementary science (IPAS) learning medium for teaching the topic of the states of matter and their changes.