Pengembangan dan Validasi Instrumen Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMA pada Materi Dinamika Rotasi: Pendekatan Rasch Model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29303/goescienceed.v7i3.2452Keywords:
Critical Thinking Instrument, Critical Thinking Skills, Rasch Model, Rotational Dynamics.Abstract
Critical thinking is a core competency required in 21st-century education, but a valid and reliable instrument for assessing this skill within the topic of rotational dynamics remains limited. This study aims to develop and validate a critical thinking skills assessment instrument for senior high school students on the topic of rotational dynamics, employing the Rasch model for comprehensive validation. Instrument development followed the ADDIE model, involving 34 students during the implementation and evaluation phases. The instrument comprises 27 items constructed based on Facione's critical thinking aspects. Content validity analysis yielded a mean Aiken's V of 0.93, exceeding the critical threshold of 0.80. Unidimensionality testing revealed a raw variance explained by measures of 28.9% (>20%), with unexplained variance in contrasts 1–5 of the PCA residuals ranging from 5.8% to 9.9% (<15%), indicating that the instrument consistently measures a single construct. Twenty-six of the 27 items demonstrated fit to the Rasch model. Reliability analysis yielded an item reliability of 0.81 (good), a person reliability of 0.68 (fair), and a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.72 (good). Wright Map and Item Characteristic Curve (ICC) analyses further confirmed the alignment between item difficulty levels and student ability levels. The developed instrument is demonstrated to be valid and reliable for measuring critical thinking skills among senior high school students in the context of rotational dynamics.
References
Afandi, A., Aviyanti, L., Saepuzaman, D., & Setiawan, A. (2025). Assesing Critical Thinking Skills in Dynamic Fluids at Senior High School : Rasch Model Analysis. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni, 14(2), 87–100. https://doi.org/10.24042/jipfalbiruni.v14i2.27836
Agustini, S., Arafah, K., Sanusi, D. K., Faisal, R., & Fitria, N. (2026). Analysis of the difficulty level of physics cognitive test items using the Rasch approach : Implementation of analysis with R Software. Priviet Social Sciences Journal, 6(4), 433–444. https://doi.org/10.55942/pssj.v6i4.1036
Aiken, L. R. (1985). Three Coefficients for Analyzing the Reliability and Validity of Ratings. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 45(1), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164485451012
Aviyanti, L., Fratiwi, N. J., Nurdini, N., Salam, A., & Nawas, A. (2025). Can Multiple-Choice Items Measure Critical Thinking in Socio-Scientific Environmental Issues ? Evidence from a Global Warming Assessment of Grade 10 Students Using Rasch Analysis. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni, 14(2), 33–53. https://doi.org/10.24042/jipfalbiruni.v14i2.28194
Aviyanti, L., Gani, A. W., Febriyanti, T., Ribie, S., & Nawas, A. (2024). Promoting higher-order thinking skills and learning motivation through the teams games tournaments learning model in physics education : A Rasch model analysis Meningkatkan higher-order thinking skills dan motivasi belajar melalui model pembelajaran teams. Indonesian Journal of Science and Mathematics Education (IJSME), 07(November), 560–576. https://doi.org/10.24042/ijsme.v5i1.23648
Azizah, F., Handayanto, S. K., Wisodo, H., & Fernando, T. J. (2024). Development and Validation of Critical Thinking Skills Instruments on Mechanical Waves for Senior High School Student. Kasuari: Physics Education Journal (KPEJ), 7(1), 195–205. https://doi.org/10.37891/kpej.v7i1.624
Bhakti, Y. B., Arthur, R., & Supriyati, Y. (2024). The Content Validity : Multiple Choices Complex Physics Instrument to Measure Critical Thinking Skills. JIPF (Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Fisika), 9(1), 56–64. https://doi.org/10.26737/jipf.v9i1.4765
Bond, T. G., & Fox, C. M. (2015). Applying the Rasch Model, Fundamental Measurement in the Human Sciences (3rd editio). New York: Routledge.
Branch, R. M. (2009). Instructional Design: The ADDIE Approach. New York: Springer Science business.
Cascella, C., Giberti, C., & Bolondi, G. (2020). An analysis of Differential Item Functioning on INVALSI tests, designed to explore gender gap in mathematical tasks. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2019.100819
Costan, M., Costan, K., Weißbach, A., & Kulgemeyer, C. (2026). Exploring physics teachers ’ views on physics education research : a case of science scepticism? International Journal of Science Education, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2026.2629345
Facione, P. A. (1990). Critical Thinking A Statement of Expert Consensus for Purposes of Educational Assessment and Instruction. Research Findings and Recommendations. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Facione&ft=on&pg=2&id=ED315423
Facione, P. A. (2023). Critical Thinking : What It Is and Why It Counts 2023 Update. In Insight assessment (pp. 1–28).
Halim, M. G., Saepuzaman, D., Aviyanti, L., Utama, J. A., & Nawas, A. (2026). Measuring Critical Thinking in Physics : A Rasch Analysis of Instrument Quality and Gender Equivalence. Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA, 27(1), 452–475. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23960/jpmipa.v27i1.pp452-475
Hambleton, R. K., Swaminathan, H., & Rogers, H. J. (1991). Fundamentals of Item Response Theory. California: Sage Publication.
Kaur, R., Mantri, A., Nagabhushan, P., & Singh, G. (2024). Rasch Computing Analysis of Two Tier Concept Inventory to Assess Engineering Students’ Conceptual Knowledge. SN Computer Science, 5(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-024-02955-6
Linacre, John M. (2026). A User’s Guide to Winsteps: Rasch-Model Computer Program. Chicago: MESA Press.
Linacre, John Michael. (2002). What do infit and outfit, mean-square and standardized mean? Rasch Measurement Transactions, 16(2), 878. https://doi.org/https://www.rasch.org/rmt/rmt162f.htm
Linacre, John Michael. (2022). R Statistics : survey and review of packages for the estimation of Rasch models. International Journal of Medical Education, 13, 171–175. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.629d.d88f
Mardhiya, J., & Sari, D. P. (2025). Measuring and Profilinh Studnets’ Critical Thinking Skills on Chemical Equilibrium using The Rasch Model. UNESA Journal of Chemical Education, 14(3), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.26740/ujced.v14n3.p191-201
Mesic, V., Neumann, K., Aviani, I., Hasovi, E., Boone, W. J., Grubelnik, V., … Repnik, R. (2019). Measuring students ’ conceptual understanding of wave optics : A Rasch modeling approach. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 010115, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.15.010115
Negoro, R. A., Rusilowati, A., Aji, M. P., & Jaafar, R. (2020). Critical thinking in physics: Momentum critical thinking test for pre-service teacher. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni, 9(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.24042/jipfalbiruni.v9i1.4834
Noperi, H., Diani, R., Irwandani, I., Suryani, Y., & Sodikin, S. (2025). Psychometric analysis of the critical thinking skills instrument in physics learning using the Rasch model. Indonesian Journal of Science and Mathematics Education (IJSME), 8(3), 627–641. https://doi.org/10.24042/ijsme.v8i3.28770
Nurdini, N., Suhandi, A., Ramalis, T., Samsudin, A., Fratiwi, N. J., & Costu, B. (2020). Developing Multitier Instrument of Fluids Concepts (MIFO) to Measure Student’s Conception: A Rasch Analysis Approach. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, 12(6), 3069–3083. https://doi.org/10.5373/JARDCS/V12I6/S20201273
Nurlailah, S., & Hamdu, G. (2021). Implementasi Assessment Sikap Berpikir Kritis Berbasis Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal IDEAS Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Budaya, 7(3), 309–316. https://doi.org/10.32884/ideas.v7i3.390
Nuryanti, S., Masykuri, M., & Susilowati, E. (2018). Analisis Iteman dan model Rasch pada pengembangan instrumen kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik sekolah menengah kejuruan. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 4(2), 224–233. https://doi.org/10.21831/jipi.v4i2.21442
OECD. (2023). PISA 2022 Results (Volume I): The State of Learning and Equity in Education. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1787/53f23881-en
Retnawati, H. (2014). Teori Respons Butir dan Penerapannya. Parama Nuha.
Retnawati, H., Djidu, H., Apino, E., & Anazifa, R. D. (2018). Teachers ’ Knowlegde About Higher-Order Thinking Skills and Its Learning Strategy. Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 76(2), 215–230. https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/18.76.215
Salam, A., Aviyanti, L., & Sirnawati, R. (2026). Assessing students’ critical thinking skills at senior high schools in Bandung City. Gravity: Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian Dan Pembelajaran Fisika, 12(1), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.62870/gravity.v12i1.38484
Sumintono, B. (2018). Rasch Model Measurements as Tools in Assesment for Learning. 173(Icei 2017), 38–42. https://doi.org/10.2991/icei-17.2018.11
Sumintono, B., & Widhiarso, W. (2015). Aplikasi pemodelan rasch: pada assesment pendidikan. Cimahi: Tria Komunikata.
Susilawati, E., Samsudin, A., & Siahaan, P. (2020). Analisis Tingkat Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMA. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Dan Teknologi (JPFT), 6(1), 11–16. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jpft.v6i1.1453
Susilowati, N. E., Al-akbari, S., Arifiyanti, F., Saputra, M. R. D., & Fratiwi, N. J. (2025). Measuring students ’ creative thinking skills with SCI-Fi ( Science Creative Instrument in Fluids ): How Suitable Is It ? Tarbiyah: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 14(2), 247–263. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.16085/tarbiyah.v12i1
Terwee, C. B., Bot, S. D. M., Boer, M. R. De, Windt, A. W. M. Van Der, Knol, D. L., & Dekker, J. (2007). Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. 60, 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.03.012
Wafa, Z., & Jatmiko, B. (2022). Learning Physics with a Free Discovery Model to Improve Critical Thinking Skills of High School Students. PrismaSains: Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu Dan Pembelajaran Matematika Dan IPA IKIP Mataram, 10(3), 637–646. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33394/j-ps.v10i3.5375
Yokhebed, Y., Karmadi, R. M. D., & Nastiti, L. R. (2025). Validity and reliability analysis of a socioscientific issues-based critical thinking self-assessment instrument using the Rasch model. JPBI (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia), 11(1), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v11i1.38902
