Pembelajaran Berbasis Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) dan OBE (Outcome-Based Education) di Perguruan Tinggi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29303/goescienceed.v7i3.2006Keywords:
Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka, Outcome Based Education, Higher Education Transformation, Curriculum Reform, Graduate Competency, Student-Centered Learning.Abstract
This study discusses learning based on Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) and Outcome Based Education (OBE ) in higher education as a strategy for transforming higher education in Indonesia. MBKM is a policy that provides flexibility for students to gain learning experiences outside their study programs through various activities, such as internships, research, student exchanges, humanitarian projects, and entrepreneurship programs. Meanwhile, OBE is an educational approach oriented toward learning outcomes, where the entire learning process is designed to produce graduates who are competent, adaptive, and relevant to the needs of the workforce. This study aims to describe the concepts of MBKM and OBE , their implementation in higher education, as well as the advantages and challenges of their application. This study employs a systematic literature review method by analyzing 25 scientific sources published between 2019 and 2025, comprising accredited national journals indexed in Sinta 2–4, international journals indexed in Scopus and Google Scholar, as well as policy documents and official reports from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia. The literature was selected based on relevance criteria related to MBKM implementation, OBE frameworks, curriculum transformation, and graduate competency outcomes in higher education contexts. The results show that the integration of MBKM and OBE is able to create a more flexible, innovative, and student-centered learning system. In addition to improving academic competence, the implementation of these two approaches also develops students' soft skills, such as communication, collaboration, creativity, and critical thinking skills. However, their implementation still faces several challenges, including the readiness of human resources, curriculum adjustment, outcome-based evaluation systems, and limited industrial partnerships. Therefore, strengthening the curriculum, improving lecturers' competencies, and developing partnerships with various stakeholders are necessary to optimize the implementation of MBKM and OBE .
References
Adila, Nur Syapika, Asrin Nasution, Widya Nurhafni Zulfa Purba, Sulistyowati Sulistyowati, and Sukiman Sukiman. “Problematika Implementasi Kurikulum Mbkm (Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka) Di Program Studi PGMI Iain Palagkaraya.” JRPD (Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Dasar) 6, no. 1 (April 2023): 77–83. https://doi.org/10.26618/jrpd.v6i1.9810.
Asbari, Masduki, and Wakhida Nurhayati. “Outcomes-Based Education in Indonesian Higher Education: Empowering Students’ Learning Competencies.” International Journal of Social and Management Studies 5, no. 5 (October 2024): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5555/ijosmas.v5i5.445.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2025). Keadaan angkatan kerja di Indonesia: Februari 2025. Badan Pusat Statistik Republik Indonesia. https://www.bps.go.id.
Fiandi, Arif. “Konsep Outcome Based Education (OBE) Pada Lembaga Pendidikan.” Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia (JPPI) 1, no. 1 (November 2023): 73–77. https://doi.org/10.62017/jppi.v1i1.119.
Fitriani, Ana Fatimah, Agus Pahrudin, and Sri Rahmi. “Manajemen Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar- Kampus Merdeka.” JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan 8, no. 5 (2025): 5513–21. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v8i5.8148.
Hanafiah, Hanafiah, Otisia Arinindyah, Wakhida Nurhayati, Nurhidayah Nurhidayah, and Zawirrahmi Zawirrahmi. “Outcome-Based Education Sebagai Pendekatan Transformasi Dalam Pengajaran Kewirausahaan: Studi Kasus Di Perguruan Tinggi.” Jurnal Educatio FKIP UNMA 10, no. 4 (December 2024). https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v10i4.10776.
Husnul, Nisak Ruwah Ibnatur. “Manajemen Pembelajaran Inovatif Untuk Mendukung Program MBKM: Pendekatan Praktis Dan Teoritis.” Jurnal Akuntabilitas Manajemen Pendidikan 13, no. 1 (April 2025): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.21831/jamp.v13i1.78513.
Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia. (2023). Pernyataan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan mengenai link and match perguruan tinggi dan dunia kerja. Kemnaker RI. https://www.kemnaker.go.id
Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi, Sains, dan Teknologi. (2024). Tracer study pendidikan tinggi: Panduan dan sistem pelaporan. Kemendiktisaintek. https://tracerstudy.kemdiktisaintek.go.id
Kushari, Berlian, and Lukman Septiadi. “A Learning Outcome Assessment Information System to Facilitate Outcome-Based Education (OBE) Implementation.” Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Dan Kejuruan 28, https://doi.org/10.21831/jptk.v28i2.42339. no. 2 (October 2022): 238–50.
Liriwati, Fahrina Yustiasari, and Zulhimma Zulhimma. “Synergy Between The Merdeka Belajar- Kampus Merdeka (Mbkm) Curriculum And Outcome-Based Education In Realizing An Excellent Graduate Profile.” Systematic Literature Review Journal 1, no. 2 (May 2025): 08–11. https://doi.org/10.70062/slrj.v1i2.152.
Misnawati, Misnawati, and Zuraini Zuraini. “Dampak Implementasi Program Pembelajaran Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) Di Universitas Almuslim.” Reslaj: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal 5, no. 5 (2023): 2702–17.
Nahdiyah, Atika Cahya Fajriyati, Sigit Prasetyo, Nidya Ferry Wulandari, and Ach Chairy. “Konsep Pendidikan Perspektif Filsafat Humanisme dalam Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar dan Kampus Merdeka (MBKM).” Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia 6, no. 2 (June 2023): 143–51. https://doi.org/10.23887/jfi.v6i2.56092.
Negara, Gede Agus Jaya, Ni Rai Vivien Pitriani, and Luh Putu Widya Fitriani. “Kurikulum Berbasis OBE (Outcome Based Education) Dengan Nilai-Nilai Karakter Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Mutu Pendidikan Perguruan Tinggi.” Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pendidikan 8, https://doi.org/10.23887/jppp.v8i1.68767. no. 1 (April 2024): 41–48.
Ramadhan, Riki, Fauzan Effendy, and Dicky Oktora Mudzakir. “Validation of Sport Education as a Reference Curriculum Model in Higher Education Supporting the MBKM Curriculum.” Journal Sport Area 9, no. 3 (December https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2024.vol9(3).18073. 2024): 480–94.
Rawis, Joulanda A. M., Shelty D. M. Sumual, Yulham Azhar, Baginda Z. Al Azhar, and Agung Pranoto. “Manajemen Kurikulum Perguruan Tinggi 2025 Berbasis Outcome Based Education (OBE).” Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan 10, no. 4 (December 2025). https://doi.org/10.34125/jmp.v10i4.1263.
Sobri, Muhammad, Ady Muh Zainul Mustofa, Agung Yusup, and Nurazzelena Binti Abdullah. “Outcome-Based Education (OBE) Curriculum: MBKM’s Impact on Employability Skills in Arabic Education Graduates at Jambi University.” An Nabighoh 27, no. 1 (June 2025): 161–78. https://doi.org/10.32332/an-nabighoh.v27i1.161-178.
Syahruddin, and Beatus Tambaip. “Implementation of the Independent Campus Learning Policy ”MBKM”: An Overview from the Perspectives of Students and Lecturers.” Journal of Education Research and Evaluation 7, no. 3 (August 2023): 351–61. https://doi.org/10.23887/jere.v7i3.61918.
Wahyudi, Haris, and Ignatius Wibowo. “Inovasi Dan Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Berorientasi Luaran (Outcome-Based Education, OBE) Dan Washington Accord Di Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Mercu Buana.” Jurnal Teknik Mesin 7, no. 2 (October 2018): 50–58. https://doi.org/10.22441/jtm.v7i2.4214.
Warsah, Idi, and Jumira Warilizasusi. “Pendekatan Outcome Based Education Dalam MBKM: Strategi Pengembangan Kurikulum Di Prodi Manajemen Pendidikan Islam.” MATAAZIR (Jurnal Administrasi Dan Manajemen Pendidikan) 6, no. 1 (2025): 268–82. https://doi.org/10.56874/jamp.v6i1.2138.
World Economic Forum. (2025). The future of jobs report 2025. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-future-of-jobs-report-2025/
