Model Pembelajaran MARD Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Analisis Siswa Dalam Praktikum Biologi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29303/goescienceed.v6i4.1547Keywords:
analisis siswa, biologi, MARD model, praktikum, pembelajaran reflektif, pembelajaran aktif, HOTSAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan Model Pembelajaran MARD (Meaningful, Active, Reflective, Discovery) sebagai solusi terhadap rendahnya kemampuan analisis siswa dalam praktikum biologi yang masih berorientasi pada hasil akhir. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan kajian literatur (literature review) untuk merumuskan kerangka konseptual model pembelajaran berbasis teori dan hasil penelitian empiris sebelumnya. Teknik analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif-analitis melalui proses identifikasi konsep kunci, sintesis hasil penelitian terdahulu, serta integrasi teori dan praktik pembelajaran biologi. Analisis dilakukan terhadap literatur terbitan 2018-2025 yang relevan dengan pembelajaran aktif, reflektif, berbasis inkuiri, dan pengembangan Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Hasil penelitian menghasilkan desain konseptual Model MARD dengan empat tahapan utama, yaitu Meaningful, Active, Reflective, dan Discovery. Tahap Meaningful menumbuhkan kesadaran siswa terhadap tujuan dan relevansi praktikum. Tahap Active menekankan keterlibatan langsung dalam kegiatan ilmiah. Tahap Reflective mendorong evaluasi hasil eksperimen dan pengaitan teori dengan data empiris. Tahap Discovery menuntun siswa mengkomunikasikan hasil temuan secara ilmiah. Model MARD berpotensi meningkatkan kemampuan analisis, berpikir kritis, dan komunikasi ilmiah siswa melalui integrasi aspek keterampilan, sikap, dan pengetahuan secara simultan. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Model MARD dapat menjadi kerangka konseptual inovatif yang relevan dengan prinsip Kurikulum Merdeka dan layak diuji secara empiris untuk memperkuat kualitas pembelajaran biologi berbasis praktikum.
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